基于曲率和中值滤波的快速推移图像修复方法*

提出了一种结合中值滤波和基于曲率扩散的图像修复方法。中值滤波修复方法对于灰度值变化比较平缓的图像,修复效果从时间性能和视觉效果上均比较好,但对于灰度值变化比较剧烈的图像,效果不能令人满意。在结合了基于曲率扩散的修复方法之后,中值滤波的不足之处得到了改善。基于曲率扩散的修复方法考虑了图像本身的几何信息,在修复图像的几何特征上有较高的准确度。图像修复顺序由已知区域向未知区域扩散时经过各破损点的时间决定,用快速推移方法计算该时间。实验表明,该算法能高效、稳定地处理破损区域的图像信息。     

基于改进双边滤波的Kinect深度图像空洞修复算法研究

深度图像的灰度值表征的是物体与摄像头的距离,深度图像在三维场景重建、虚拟视点合成、3D视频技术中起到关键的作用.深度图像有多种获取方法,其中Microsoft公司的Kinect是一种廉价的深度图像获取设备,但产生的深度图像在物体的边缘和遮挡区域往往会产生空洞,不利于后续的研究应用.提出一种基于改进双边滤波法的深度图像修复算法,首先利用直方图确定阈值将深度图像二值化生成空洞Mask掩膜,然后利用改进的双边滤波法对空洞区域进行深度填充,最后利用中值滤波法进行图像平滑,实验结果表明该方法对于原始深度图像的空洞取得了较好的修复效果.     

基于离散小波变换的图像修补方法*

根据多尺度分析原理,提出了基于离散小波变换的图像修复方法.首先用离散小波变换把图像分解为高频成分与低频成分,对图像不同频率的成分分别进行修补.图像的低频部分采用笔者以前所提出的结合中值滤波和基于曲率扩散方法[1]进行修复.由于高频部分地表示图像的边缘轮廓信息,并且有很强的方向性,对高频图像数据先进行分块,用线性拟合求出每一块的方向,再根据方向信息进行修复.实验表明,该算法能较好地修补破损区域.     

基于改进伪中值滤波和非局部均值滤波的红外图像滤波方法

首先对伪中值滤波算法进行了改进:噪声检测过程融入像素点灰度值、几何距离等因素,实现噪声点从图像像素点中的逐步分离;采用加权滤波的方法滤除噪声。其次对改进非局部均值滤波算法的先验信息获取方法进行了改进:对噪声图像进行提升小波变换,采用一种新型阈值函数选择低频分解系数,对高于阈值的系数进行重构得到参考图像,计算参考图像的相似度权值并将其作为改进非局部均值滤波算法的先验信息。最后基于2种改进算法提出了一种红外图像滤波方法,即依次采用改进伪中值滤波算法和基于先验信息的改进非局部均值滤波算法对红外图像进行滤波处理,然后将其与参考图像进行融合,以修正被过度滤波的图像。实验结果表明,该方法针对高密度噪声的红外图像有较好的滤波效果。     

图像修复的CDD模型新算法

CDD图像修复模型是在TV模型的基础上引入曲率项来满足视觉的“连接性”原则. 考虑到该模型各参考点梯度模值大小的不同及扩散效率的不足,本文结合退化扩散模型提出了一种新的CDD模型图像修复算法. 该算法利用待修复区域像素点的梯度和等照度线的曲率信息来控制各参考点对破损区域的贡献值,并进一步作加权处理. 最后将该模型的偏微分方程离散化,给出了模型的数值实现方法. 实验结果表明该算法能保证图像边缘的视觉连通性,并在相同迭代次数的情况下,修复效果明显优于CDD算法,是一种有效的新方法.     

基于自适应加权中值滤波的二维Otsu图像分割算法

为解决传统二维Otsu算法在含噪声较多的图像应用中分割效果较差这一问题,提出一种基于自适应加权中值滤波的二维Otsu图像分割算法.该算法首先利用一种新的自适应加权中值滤波对噪声图像中值滤波;然后将中值图像的二维直方图区域划分由四分法改为二分法;最后利用改进的二维Otsu算法对图像作精确分割.实验结果表明,该算法对灰度噪声图像具有更强的抗噪性且分割效果也更为理想.     

一种基于排序阈值的开关中值滤波方法

提出了一种基于排序阈值的开关中值滤波方法以克服图像滤波中去噪与细节保护的矛盾。该方法利用滤波窗口内像素点的排序信息，在极值中值滤波方法的基础上，将受脉冲噪声污染图像中的像素点进一步分为噪声点、边缘细节区和平坦区3种类型。通过对多种图像测试的统计结果，获得合适的分类器参数，然后利用类型判决，进行开关中值滤波，即对噪声点和平坦区进行中值滤波以得到良好的噪声滤除效果，而对边缘细节区不做处理以获得良好的细节保护效果。比较了标准中值滤波、极值中值滤波和本方法的结果。实验结果表明，本方法具有更好的效果。     

一种用于中值滤波的改进均值划分算法

图像滤波是很多图像处理算法在图像预处理阶段采用的处理措施,而中值滤波不仅能够有效地去除图像中的噪声,而且可以保持图像的边缘细节,从而成为首选的图像滤波方法.由于中值滤波需要使用排序操作,其计算时间复杂度较高,而且在滤波窗口较大时,导致图像滤波耗费较长的时间,不能满足海量、高分辨率图像实时滤波处理的需求.在研究中值滤波基础上,提出一种改进的基于均值划分的快速中值滤波算法,实验表明,该算法可以有效地降低图像中值滤波的时间消耗,特别是在大尺度图像中,当滤波窗口较大时,能够显著降低图像滤波时间,同时,能够与传统中值滤波保持一致的效果,进一步增强了大尺度图像实时处理能力.     

结合空间信息的模糊聚类侧扫声纳图像分割

目的 针对侧扫声纳图像具有背景复杂、噪声污染重等特点,提出一种结合空间信息的模糊聚类分割算法(FCM),以提高侧扫声纳图像的分割精度和分割速度。方法 采用结合组合邻域中值滤波的FCM算法,首先选取正十字邻域和斜十字邻域,分别计算两个邻域内的像素灰度中值;然后,结合其中的较小值,引入惩罚项,得到融合灰度信息和空间信息的灰度值;最后,对融合后的灰度图像进行FCM分割。结果 利用该算法对不同尺寸和不同目标的侧扫声纳图像进行分割,并将分割结果与其他5种聚类算法的分割结果进行比较,对比分析每种算法的分割精度和运算时间。结合中值滤波的FCM算法的分割精度和运算时间均优于传统的FCM算法和结合均值滤波的FCM算法,其中结合组合邻域中值滤波的FCM算法的运算速度较快,分割精度略高于结合传统中值滤波的FCM算法。结论 结合组合邻域中值滤波的FCM算法在对侧扫声纳图像进行分割时,具有较强的抗噪性、实时性和较强的边缘保持能力。     

基于CDD模型的快速图像修复算法

为对图像的缺损部分进行快速自动修复,提出了一种基于曲率驱动修复模型的快速图像修复算法.曲率驱动修复模型由于引入了曲率项,使其偏微分方程为高阶,修复时需要数值求解偏微分方程,大量迭代运算导致修复速度非常缓慢.为加快修复速度.算法将模型的偏微分方程数值化,进一步改造成加权平均形式,利用邻近已知像素直接合成损坏像素,加权系数由曲率和梯度共同确定,使修复按照图像等照度线方向进行,在曲率大的地方将等照度线拉伸,同时由待修复点邻域内已知像素的梯度方差确定修复次序.实验结果表明,显著减小了运算时间,一定程度满足"连接性准则",并且对于较小破损区域修复效果好于曲率驱动修复模型.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.