初等元胞自动机的界面设计及稳定性分析

建立了所有规则下的初等元胞自动机的可视化模型及界面,设计了用于判断初等元胞自动机稳定性的应用程序,并可直接计算得到演化类型及周期.在此基础上,模拟得到了不同元胞数m,随机产生的不同的初始状态,不同规则数R以及各种边界条件下初等元胞自动机的演化结果,并分析了以上因素对稳定性的影响.结果表明:元胞数m,初始状态,规则数R以及边界条件,均对初等元胞自动机的演化类型,演化周期产生较大影响.充分反映了元胞自动机的复杂性.模型从模拟的角度出发,为元胞自动机的复杂性研究提供了一个简单的、可视的计算机仿真工具,并可为复杂的理论推导提供参考或验证.     

基于空间数据挖掘的分区异步元胞自动机模型研究

传统的元胞自动机模型采用统一的转换规则和相同的演化速率进行演化,忽略了地理现象演变的时空差异性：演化规律的空间异质性和演化速率的空间差异性。针对这一问题,提出了基于空间数据挖掘的分区异步元胞自动机模型,采用双约束空间聚类的方法对元胞空间进行分区,用分区转换规则替代统一转换规则可以体现地理现象演化规律的空间差异性;采用标准格网划分的方法求取异步元胞演化速率,用异步演化速率替代同步演化速率可以体现地理现象演化速率的空间差异性。以杭州市土地利用变化为例对基于空间数据挖掘的分区异步元胞自动机模型进行了实证研究,结果表明：与传统的元胞自动机模型相比,基于空间数据挖掘的分区异步元胞自动机模型具有较高的模拟精度,并且适用于较大区域较长时间段地理现象的动态变化模拟。基于空间数据挖掘的分区异步元胞自动机模型是地理元胞自动机研究的新视角,它将地理现象演变的空间异质性和时间差异性引入到地理元胞自动机模型中,使模型对地理过程的模拟更接近实际地理过程。然而,由于有关分区异步的元胞自动机模型还处于尝试性研究阶段,在元胞空间分区方法、双约束空间聚类算法中权重的确定方法、元胞演化速率的获取方法、元胞转换规则的获取方法、模拟精度评估以及分区异步元胞自动机模型在较大区域较长时间的地理现象模拟中的应用等方面有待进一步的研究与探讨。     

软件体系结构动态演化的元胞自动机模型研究

目前软件体系结构动态演化的元胞自动机模型存在描述单一、元胞间关系不明确、没有详细阐述动态演化过程应用约束条件的缺点。针对这些不足进行相关的研究,重新定义了软件体系结构动态演化的扩展元胞自动机模型,基于扩展元胞自动机模型结合演化应用约束条件,分析了软件体系结构的动态演化过程,运用元胞间控制约束条件和行为相关约束条件来正确地指导SA动态演化。提出了动点稳态转移的概念,对演化程度和一致性进行定义分析,此方法比以往的元胞自动机模型更能准确指导SA动态演化,促进SA动态演化的进一步研究。通过案例验证了该方法的应用价值和可行性,可以更全面地应用于软件体系结构的动态演化。     

基于摩尔奇偶型的元胞自动机演化模型

由于元胞自动机的理论基础较为薄弱,对元胞自动机的演化规则的研究和分析是个倍受关注的挑战问题.在奇偶元胞自动机的基础上,提出了一种摩尔奇偶型的元胞自动机演化模型,通过大量的计算机仿真实验,证实PCA与MPCA在演化过程中均具有一定的演化基元、演化框架和演化周期规律.提供了研究元胞自动机演化规则的新思路,并进一步将提出的演...     

元胞自动机在农村土地利用动态模拟中的应用研究

本文从元胞自动机的原理、特征出发探讨了元胞自动机(Cellular Automata))在模拟农村土地利用演化格局应用中的可能性,并对利用元胞自动机进行农村土地动态模拟的核心问题-转换规则进行了初步探讨.     

基于元胞自动机的交通流计算机模拟

元胞自动机是把复杂系统量化为简单的个体,在元胞自动机模型中.空间、时间都被离散化,每一个相互作用的单元仅为有限的状态.以元胞自动机理论为基础,把车辆在路段上交通流中运动的变化规律表述为元胞自动机的演化规则,建立了基于元胞自动机理论的交通流模拟模型,标定了元胞长度和最大速度等参数,分析了元胞变换的原则;详细探讨了元胞自动机在道路交通模拟中的应用,设计出了交通元胞自动机的结构,分析了交通元胞自动机所采取的状态变换原则,建立了一维(单车道)交通流模拟模型;并利用C语言编程实现模拟.模拟结果符合实际交通流的特点.     

企业群体集聚的移动元胞自动机模拟

为了研究企业群体行为,从企业个体行为特征出发,结合元胞自动机模型,将企业本身需求特征属性、周围邻居变化影响因素和学习记忆属性等三个企业个体特征引入到元胞自动机模型,此外,在模型中赋予元胞移动属性,企业个体根据演化规则和邻域结构选择移动一步或者等待,仿真研究企业个体的三个个体特征对个体行为乃至群体行为的影响。研究结果表明,企业行为的三个个体特征对个体的行为和群体的行为都有一定的影响,其中个体的行为特征变化受周围邻居的特征变化影响。仿真实验也说明该模型与实际情况相符。     

基于元胞自动机的小样本集分类算法

样本集中的数据数量过少会影响最后的分类精度。为此,提出基于元胞自动机模型的小样本集分类算法,利用元胞自动机的状态转换规则和分类规则,通过元胞空间的演化实现对数据集的分类。对标准数据集的测试结果表明,在小样本集和样本集中数据分布不均匀的情况下,该算法具有较高的分类精度。     

区域耦合状态转移概率化元胞自动机模型

针对多区域系统内部各个子区域属性的差异化,提出多区域耦合状态转移概率化元胞自动机模型。在该模型中,运用区域耦合原理和耦合区域信息交换规则来构造元胞自动机（CA）模型的演化规则,实现局部子区域之间的信息交换,运用不同类型的元胞自动机模型对子区域分别建立不同的CA模拟模型,并用概率化方法处理模拟模型中元胞状态的转化,实现各个子区域状态的演化。实验表明,子区域在保持自身演化形态相对独立的同时,通过边界区域耦合进行演化连接,各个子区域内的元胞能与其边界耦合区域内的元胞保持一种相对稳定的有序形态,且一个子区域的影响能在一定程度上传递到其他子区域内。该模型能很好地处理大规模复杂区域环境下的空间演化模拟。     

变值编码下元胞自动机分类模式可视化分析

对元胞自动机规则的分类是元胞自动机研究领域的核心问题,元胞自动机分类模式研究对社会学、生物学、物理学、计算机科学等各个学科的发展都具有重要意义。基于变值体系编码模式,对初等元胞自动机对应的3变元布尔函数建立起二维可视化模型,利用变值编码体系对函数集合进行不同的编码排列,选择两种经典的分类模式进行分类和染色标记。从彩色的编码图示中,可以观察到原有的分类模式在顺序排列下所看不到的内蕴的对称性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.