基于自适应阈值的视频文本检测方法

视频和图像中的文本通常在基于内容的视频数据库检索、网络视频搜索,图像分割和图像修复等中起到重要作用,为了提高文本检测的效率,给出了一种基于多种特征自适应阈值的视频文本检测方法.方法是在Michael算法的基础上,利用文本边缘的强度,密度,水平竖直边缘比3个特征计算自适应局部阈值,用阈值能较好去除非文本区域,提取文本边缘,检测并定位文本,减少了Michael算法单一特征阈值的不利影响.在文本定位阶段引入了合并机制.减少了不完整区域的出现.实验结果表明有较高的精度和召回率,可用于视频搜索、图像分割和图像修复等.     

基于双局部阈值小波收缩的图像去噪算法

提出了一种基于双局部阈值的小波收缩的图像去噪算法。该算法利用小波系数的幅值、空间特性以及对噪声图像的分割,得到两个局部阈值：幅度阈值和空间阈值。利用这两个局部阈值（每个区域阈值不同）对小波系数做相应的“收缩”处理和重构,从而得到一个优质的去噪图像。该算法计算简单速度快,去噪效果明显,优于其他一些去噪算法。     

基于特征灰度和分水岭变换的甲藻横沟区域分割

针对分水岭变换存在的过分割问题,提出了一种新的图像分割方法。该方法利用灰度包容球获取图像特征灰度集合,通过降低图像中灰度级数目减少无意义的局部极小值区域,对灰度重构后的梯度图像极小值区域采用自动阈值法进行标记并对标记加以质心、形状和面积约束,对修改后的梯度图像采用分水岭变换实现甲藻显微图像中横沟区域的分割。实验证明,该方法可比传统方法更合理地分割出横沟区域,有效抑制了过分割现象。     

基于局部期望阈值分割的图像边缘检测算法

传统图像边缘特征检测通过梯度算子卷积计算获取梯度图,并根据梯度变化情况设定阈值得到边缘信息,但图像的各局部区域梯度变化不均匀,采用统一阈值分割边缘信息往往会造成获取的边缘信息不准确。本文提出一种基于图像局部区域期望的自适应阈值方法,首先采用Sobel算子获取图像梯度矩阵,然后将梯度矩阵分割为多个子区域,并计算每个子区域的局部期望作为该区域阈值,进行边缘特征提取。实验表明,提出的方法提高了图像主要目标物边缘特征的识别度,区域边缘信息划分准确。     

可实现图像自修复的压缩感知超分辨率成像

为了在不增加系统复杂度的前提下实现对降质图像的传输、修复及超分辨率成像,基于压缩感知理论和图像的退化模型建立了一个新型的压缩感知系统.该系统利用图像退化模型中降采样操作和模糊算子改进测量矩阵,并提出了基于小波-Shearlet的图像变换作为稀疏表示方法,在重构端结合迭代硬阈值算法重建图像.实验结果表明,文中系统在重构图像的质量和运算效率上均具备一定优势.     

唐墓室壁画裂缝的自动虚拟修复方法

裂缝是壁画中存在的一种常见的病害,为了去除壁画中的裂缝提出一种对壁画中裂缝进行自动虚拟修复的方法。对图像进行高帽变换提取裂缝信息,对变换后的图像进行阈值分割得到裂缝的二值图像。根据裂缝的颜色和结构信息利用基于连通域度量的方法去除虚假目标,实现自动识别和标注。利用基于样本的数字图像修复技术对壁画中裂缝进行自动修复,在修复中对样本区域进行重构大大缩短了修复的时间,提高了修复效率。实验仿真表明该方法能够有效去除壁画中影响人眼视觉的较大裂缝,能够实现对壁画中裂缝的自动虚拟修复。     

压缩感知在医学图像压缩中的应用

调研压缩感知的数学理论基础和常用方法,包括稀疏变换、测量矩阵和重构算法,利用Matlab软件实现压缩感知实验,比较几种测量矩阵的性能,提出双阈值分块正交匹配追踪重构算法。根据图像不同区域信息量的不同,采取分块处理的方法并加入采样阈值,针对不同子图像块采取不同采样率,提高采样效率;加入判断阈值,降低重构效果对采样阈值的依赖。实验结果表明,该方法能够以较低的采样率实现较高的重构精度,使压缩感知在医学图像压缩方面得到了较好应用。     

基于水平线插值的图像修复算法

介绍用水平线插值的方法进行图像修复。讨论了基于Euler弹性的图像水平线模型,并用这个模型作为图像水平线的局部插值核。其次用星型插值的方法,从破损区域边界处出发,由外向内、一环一环地对水平线进行插值,把水平线逐步地延伸进去,让修复区域逐步缝合起来。该文的算法速度快,能保持强边缘,而且结构更合理,重构的水平线不再只是直线,而是光滑曲线。     

基于求解泊松方程和梯度的图像修复的研究

提出了一种基于梯度的新的图像修复算法从图片或照片上面去除有影响的物体.文中的方法是分两个阶段来重建移除的区域:移除区域的梯度通过填充算法来填充;通过解泊松方程在梯度映射下来重构图像.在填充梯度的方法中提出了一个新的补丁匹配标准.在这个标准中,同时用到梯度和颜色信息,所以,有一个好的图像修复结果.文中用一些修复例子和结果进行比较,来演示本方法的优越性.     

基于水平线插值的图像修复算法

讨论用水平线插值的方法进行图像修复。先讨论了基于Euler弹性的图像水平线模型,并用这个模型作为图像水平线的局部插值核。其次用星型插值的方法,从破损区域边界处出发,由外向内、一环一环地对水平线进行插值,把水平线逐步地延伸进去,让修复区域逐步缝合起来。该文的算法速度快,能保持强边缘,而且结构更合理,重构的水平线不再只是直线,而是光滑曲线。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.