基于OpenGL实现聋哑人手语关键动作的方法

手语动作的研究是解决聋哑人通过电视、网络进行沟通交流障碍的主要课题之一。首先构造了最小人体三维骨骼模型,基于该骨骼模型给出了聋哑人手语关键动作的所有可能手势和不可能手势,接着基于可能的手势实现了虚拟人连续手势的变换,实现了虚拟人的手语动作。该方法通过可能的关键动作的方法不仅解决了虚拟人手语动作的网络传输的难题,又没有降低实时性,实现了虚拟人的手语动画效果。     

基于虚拟人合成技术的中国手语合成方法

介绍了一种中国手语合成方法,实现了文本到中国手语的自动翻译,并使用虚拟人合成技术,实现了中国手语的合成与显示,以此帮助聋人与听力正常人之间实现自然交流.在该方法中,首先应用两只数据手套和3个6自由度位置跟踪器,基于运动跟踪的原理,记录真实人体演示每个手语词的运动数据,建立一个初始的手语词运动数据库.然后,应用一种基于控制点的人体运动编辑方法,对每个手语词的运动数据进行编辑与微调,最后得到一个高质量的手语词运动数据库.当给定一个文本句子时,应用人体运动合成方法,对每个手语词的手语运动片段进行拼接合成,最终生成一个完整的手语运动,并基于VRML的人体运动显示方法将合成的运动逼真地显示出来.基于该方法,在PC/Windows/VC6.0环境下实现了一个中国聋人手语合成系统.该系统采集了<中国手语>(含续集)中收录的5 596个手语词,可以合成一般生活与教学用语.经聋校的老师和学生确认,合成手语准确逼真,可以广泛应用于教学、电视、Internet 等多种大众媒体,帮助聋人参与其他听力正常人的活动,具有广泛的应用前景和重要的社会意义.     

计算机手语的研究与应用

主要介绍国内外计算机手语研究的主要方向及应用，包括手语的识别，手语的合成，手语的网络通信和手的运动约束。文中详细介绍了手语识别的各种方法，手语合成的组成部分，手语网络通信的实现技术以及手的运动约束问题。     

多层DGMM识别器在中国手语识别中的应用

手语是聋人使用的语言,是由手形动作辅之以表情姿势由符号构成的比较稳定的表达系统 ,是一种靠动作/视觉交际的语言.手语识别的研究目标是让机器“看懂”聋人的语言.手 语识别和手语合成相结合,构成一个“人-机手语翻译系统”,便于聋人与周围环境的交 流.手语识别问题是动态手势信号即手语信号的识别问题.考虑到系统的实时性及识别效率, 该系统选取Cyberglove型号数据手套作为手语输入设备,采用DGMM(dynamic Gaussian mixt ure model)作为系统的识别技术,并根据中国手语的具体特点,在识别模块中选取了多层识 别器,可识别中国手语字典中的274个词条,识别率为97.4%.与基于单个DGMM的识别系统比 较,这种模型的识别精度与单个DGMM模型的识别精度基本相同,但其识别速度比单个DGMM的 识别速度有明显的提高.     

手语合成动画中基于隐马尔可夫模型的头动合成

手语是一种靠动作、视觉进行交流的特殊语言，在手语表达过程中，头部运动蕴涵语义以及情感信息。本文分析了手语表达中手势动作和头部动作的运动相关性，利用隐马尔可夫模型（HMMs）为每一个离散的头部动作表示建模，基于一阶马尔科夫模型和插值算法生成平滑的头动动画。     

手语合成动画中基于隐马尔可夫模型的头动合成

手语是一种靠动作、视觉进行交流的特殊语言,在手语表达过程中,头部运动蕴涵语义以及情感信息。本文分析了手语表达中手势动作和头部动作的运动相关性,利用隐马尔可夫模型(HMMs)为每一个离散的头部动作表示建模,基于一阶马尔科夫模型和插值算法生成平滑的头动动画。     

基于ANN/HMM的中国手语识别系统

手语是聋哑人使用的语言。它是由手形动作辅之以表倩姿势为符号构成的比较稳定的表达系统,是一种靠动作／视觉交际的特殊的语言。一方面,手语识别可以作为健全人与聋哑人之间的翻译,为聋哑人提供更好的服务;另一方面,作为人体语言理解的一部分,手语识别可作为人机交互的一种手段。该文实现了基于ANN／HMM的手语识别系统,采用ANN方法建立了关于手形、位置、方向的特征映射器,并在建立手形特征映射器的过程中,给出了多特征多分类器融合算法。实验证明,基于ANN／HMM的手语识别系统是可行及实用的。     

基于DGMM的中国手语识别系统

手语是聋人使用的语方,是由手形动作辅之以表情姿势由符号构成的比较稳定的表达系统,是一种靠动作／视觉交际的语言,手语识别的研究目标是让机器“看懂”聋人的语方,手语识别和手语合成相结合构成一个“人－机手语翻译系统”,便于聋人与周围环境的交流,手语识别问题是动态手势信号即手语信号的识别问题,考虑系统的实时性及识别效率,系统选取Ｃｙｂｅｒｇｌｏｖｅ型号数据手套作为手语输入设备,并采用ＤＧＭＭ（ｄｙｎａｍｉ     

融合自适应图卷积与Transformer序列模型的中文手语翻译方法

针对手语翻译方法所存在的动作特征提取以及时序翻译方面存在的问题,提出一种融合自适应图卷积AGCN 与Transformer时序模型的AGCN-T手语翻译网络。自适应图卷积网络用于学习手语动作中骨骼节点的交互空间依赖信息;Transformer时序模块捕捉手语动作序列的时间关系特征信息并将其翻译成可理解的手语内容。此外,在预处理部分,提出了一种移动窗口的关键帧提取算法,并用MediaPipe姿态估计算法对关键帧图像序列进行骨架提取。实验表明,该方法在大型中文连续手语数据集CCSL的词错率达到了3.75%,精度为97.87%,优于其他先进的手语翻译方法。     

基于IMU的手语识别骨骼模型构建

手语识别属于手势识别的研究范畴。传统的基于数据手套的手语识别方法不能完整捕捉手语的所有要素,无法识别手部与肢体配合的手语动作。 惯性测量单元(IMU)由于体积小、成本低而被越来越多地应用到动作捕捉项目中。借鉴机器人运动学相关知识,提出了基于IMU的手语识别骨骼模型,该模型符合人体生物学特征。模型的构建步骤为首先进行骨骼的选取,然后进行尺寸标定。最后提出了标定模型尺寸的实验方法,使用IMU获得的动作集的数据可以进行求解。     

手部运动计算机仿真的实现

根据手部自身的物理特性和生理特性,采用分层技术,严格按照手部解剖学,先建立其骨骼模型,在此基础上形成肌肉模型,最后在肌肉模型上附加一层皮肤。这样,骨骼运动引起肌肉的变形,随着皮肤也跟着发生相应的变化,使虚拟手模型无论从形状上还是运动上都能达到更高程度的逼真效果。     

A natural human hand model

We present a skeletal linked model of the human hand that has natural motion. We show how this can be achieved by introducing a new biology-based joint axis that simulates natural joint motion and a set of constraints that reduce an estimated 150 possible motions to twelve. The model is based on observation and literature. To facilitate testing and evaluation, we present a simple low polygon count skin that can stretch and bulge. To evaluate we first introduce a hand-motion taxonomy in a two-dimensional parameter space based on tasks that are evolutionary linked to the environment. Second, we discuss and test the model. The appendix shows motion sequences of the model and the real hand. Animations can be fetched from our website.     

Affective State Estimation for Human–Robot Interaction

In order for humans and robots to interact in an effective and intuitive manner, robots must obtain information about the human affective state in response to the robot's actions. This secondary mode of interactive communication is hypothesized to permit a more natural collaboration, similar to the "body language" interaction between two cooperating humans. This paper describes the implementation and validation of a hidden Markov model (HMM) for estimating human affective state in real time, using robot motions as the stimulus. Inputs to the system are physiological signals such as heart rate, perspiration rate, and facial muscle contraction. Affective state was estimated using a two- dimensional valence-arousal representation. A robot manipulator was used to generate motions expected during human-robot interaction, and human subjects were asked to report their response to these motions. The human physiological response was also measured. Robot motions were generated using both a nominal potential field planner and a recently reported safe motion planner that minimizes the potential collision forces along the path. The robot motions were tested with 36 subjects. This data was used to train and validate the HMM model. The results of the HMM affective estimation are also compared to a previously implemented fuzzy inference engine. [All rights reserved Elsevier].     

Computer animated visual translation from natural language to sign language

Computer animation and visualization can facilitate communication between the hearing impaired and those with normal speaking capabilities. This paper presents a model of a system that is capable of translating text from a natural language into animated sign language. Techniques have been developed to analyse language and transform it into sign language in a systematic way. A hand motion coding method as applied to the hand motion representation, and control has also been investigated. Two translation examples are also given to demonstrate the practicality of the system.     

基于视觉技术的手势跟踪与动作识别算法

对工业生产线上规程化操作动作进行手势跟踪与动作识别研究。首先选取YCbCr颜色模型进行手部区域识别,获得完整手部区域;然后利用Euclidean距离变换计算相邻2个手部运动轨迹点之间的距离和各帧图像的手部运动速度;再利用扩展有限状态机模型实现手部运动的分割,将分割的多个动作与建立的动作模板匹配,利用Hausdorff距离匹配法判断匹配结果的准确性,实现手部动作的识别。实验结果表明：该手部动作识别算法对背景干扰和摄像头轻微震动具有一定的抗噪能力,有较高的动作识别正确率,能够满足现实工作环境下的应用需求。     

一种面向方面的模型转换语言AOMTL*

针对面向方面的PIM到面向方面的PSM的转换,提出了一种面向方面的模型转换语言AOMTL。首先建立方面模型的转换框架;然后根据此框架建立AOMTL的元模型,设计AOMTL的具体语法;最后使用AOMTL完成方面模型转换。该方法为形式化及自动化方面模型转换的描述与实现提供了一种有效的解决办法。     

A graphic model of the human hand using CATIA

Anthropometric measurements were made of the hands of 32 subjects. Data from this survey were used in the design of a graphic model of the male human hand. The model was created in the computer-aided design (CAD) package CATIA and reproduced any desired overall hand size. It was made up of 24 solid segments with 23 degrees of freedom at 17 moveable joints. Spans and grasping sizes of the model hand were examined. The representation of the model appeared realistic in several postures, but the model was found to allow some motions which would be impossible for an actual hand. The model could be used to help a designer visualize hand-held products and controls in use.     

Hand gesture recognition based on dynamic Bayesian network framework

In this paper, we propose a new method for recognizing hand gestures in a continuous video stream using a dynamic Bayesian network or DBN model. The proposed method of DBN-based inference is preceded by steps of skin extraction and modelling, and motion tracking. Then we develop a gesture model for one- or two-hand gestures. They are used to define a cyclic gesture network for modeling continuous gesture stream. We have also developed a DP-based real-time decoding algorithm for continuous gesture recognition. In our experiments with 10 isolated gestures, we obtained a recognition rate upwards of 99.59% with cross validation. In the case of recognizing continuous stream of gestures, it recorded 84% with the precision of 80.77% for the spotted gestures. The proposed DBN-based hand gesture model and the design of a gesture network model are believed to have a strong potential for successful applications to other related problems such as sign language recognition although it is a bit more complicated requiring analysis of hand shapes.