鸡蛋的营养与人体健康

蛋黄也是好东西蛋类食物含有全价蛋白质和脂肪,并含有维生素A、D、B1和B2。蛋类中含有重要的矿物质,如铁、磷、镁、钙。许多人对蛋黄没有好感,往往偏爱蛋白,其实这是有失偏颇的。蛋黄与蛋白相比,其含水量低35%、蛋白质的含量高36%,其生理价值也高于蛋白。鸡蛋的脂肪含量约11%～     

市售鸡蛋蛋白质图谱分析与真伪调查

目的:分析市售鸡蛋的蛋白图谱,找出共性,建立鸡蛋稳定的蛋白质模式图谱,作为真假鸡蛋鉴别的检测方法。方法:对鸡蛋蛋黄的蛋白质进行等电聚焦(pH4～7)、SDS-PAGE电泳,银染后扫描,对获得的双向图谱用软件进行分析。结果:根据18个市售鸡蛋与真鸡蛋的蛋黄蛋白质图谱对比,获得三个共有的高丰度点群(共17个蛋白质点),分子量分别为97.2～66.4、66.4～44.3、44.3～29.0kDa,可作为鉴别真假鸡蛋的蛋白质模式图谱。市售鸡蛋蛋黄的蛋白质图谱与真鸡蛋相似,没有发现异样情况,没有在市场上发现假鸡蛋。结论:初步建立了鉴别真假鸡蛋的蛋白质组学方法,所建立的检测方法具有高度的重复性和准确性。     

蛋白蛋黄都要吃

蛋黄中含有很多胆固醇，吃多了容易得心脑血管疾病。现在，我吃鸡蛋时只吃蛋白。这样做对吗？ 蛋黄的营养价值要远远高于蛋白，只吃蛋白不可取。蛋白中矿物质、维生素的含量远远少于蛋黄，同时，蛋白的能量也少于蛋黄，100克蛋白约含能量52千卡，而100克蛋黄含能量322千卡。一个50克的鸡蛋，蛋白约重33克，蛋黄约重17克。如果丢置蛋黄不吃，等于只摄取到鸡蛋中的小部分营养，浪费相当大。     

鸡蛋与冠心病

鸡蛋含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素和矿物质,且易于消化吸收,是理想的天然食品。但因蛋黄中含有较多的胆固醇,而被视为导致动脉粥样硬化症、冠心病的危险因素,因此,有些医生规定,凡患上述疾病的老人,要“禁食鸡蛋”。但是,也有人提出异议,认为鸡蛋蛋黄中虽然含有较多的胆固醇,但也含有大量的卵磷脂,卵磷脂对心血管疾病的患者有     

鸡蛋的食疗药膳治病效果好

人人都可以适量吃鸡蛋,但不同人群食用的数量和方法则不尽相同。只有吃对了,才更有益于健康。鸡蛋是全价食物,人人都可以吃蛋类的蛋白质是食物中质量、种类、组成平衡最优良的食物,尤其以鸡蛋为代表。鸡蛋的蛋清以优质蛋白为主,蛋黄营养更丰富,还含有较多的脂肪、各种维生素和无机盐、卵磷脂和胆碱等。如果吃鸡蛋不吃蛋黄,     

大话胆固醇

鸡蛋以及其他蛋类,如鸭蛋、鹅蛋、鹌鹑蛋等,是营养丰富、全面的食品,含 有蛋白质、脂肪、卵黄素、卵磷脂、维生素和铁、钙、钾等人体所需要的营养物质。但是一提到吃蛋,尤其是鸡蛋,许多人就不由自主担心蛋黄中胆固醇的含量高,所以不吃鸡蛋,或者吃鸡蛋时不吃蛋黄,但是对胆固醇真的有必要如此谈虎色变吗？     

鸡蛋质量的检验方法

鸡蛋质量的检验方法赵爱菊编译（山东轻工业学院食品系，济南２５０１００）食用鸡蛋通常分为一级和二级，不符合一级和二级要求的蛋算不合格蛋，根据具体情况定为质量不合格品或技术不合格品。蛋的等级根据重量和下列指标确定：外壳状况，蛋白和蛋黄情况，空心情况，蛋白...     

蛋黄的营养比蛋白丰富得多

生活中,不少人只吃蛋白,不吃蛋黄,他们以为鸡蛋的营养主要存在于蛋白中,或认为蛋黄中胆固醇含量太高,不能吃。这种理解是不正确的。蛋清和蛋黄所含营养成分是不同的。蛋清中除了含蛋白质外其他营养素很少,而蛋黄中含有的营养素则丰富得多,除了含胆固醇外,还有丰富的蛋白质、维生素和矿物质等多种营养成分。虽然摄入过多的胆固醇可能会使动脉硬化,但胆固醇也是合成人体类固醇激素（特别是性激素）、胆汁酸以及维生素D3的重要原料,所以胆固醇是一种人体需要的营养物质。     

黄喉拟水龟蛋营养成分分析及评价

对黄喉拟水龟蛋的蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质、蛋黄中磷脂及脂肪酸组成等营养成分及价值进行评价。结果表明:与鸡蛋的营养组成相比,黄喉拟水龟蛋蛋清蛋白质种类多于鸡蛋蛋清,氨基酸组成符合理想模式,铁、镁、锌、磷含量高。龟蛋黄脂肪含量低于鸡蛋蛋黄,脂肪酸种类多,不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的80.72%,多不饱和脂肪酸二十二碳六稀酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)6.39%,花生四稀酸3.72%,二十碳五稀酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)3.69%。龟蛋蛋白质种类丰富,矿物质和不饱和脂肪酸含量高,是一种高价值优质健康食品。     

巧夺天工的人造食品

人造鸡蛋 美国市场上推出一种大小、形状和其鸡蛋一样的人造鸡蛋。这种人造鸡蛋是用玉米油、蛋白质、牛奶、维生素B_1、B_2及人体所需的矿物盐混合制成蛋白与蛋黄,外用无毒塑料制成鸡蛋壳,其厚度比真鸡蛋还要薄,弹性好,不易破碎,便于运输,     

Rheological properties of angel food cake made with pH unfolded and refolded egg albumen

Angel food cake was made using egg albumen subjected to the pH-induced unfolded and refolded treatment. The effect of treatment on the rheological properties of angel food cake was investigated. Egg albumen solutions were prepared and pH was adjusted to 1.5, 4.5, 8.5 or 12.5 and then held 60 min to unfold the proteins. After holding, the solutions were readjusted to pH 4.5 or 8.5, and held for 45 min to partially refold the proteins. Egg white foam with sucrose was whipped and flour and the rest of sucrose were folded into the foam. The foam batter was heated in a TA Instrument AR 2000 controlled stress rheometer equipped in a parallel geometry. Samples were heated from 21 °C to 150 °C at a rate of 8.5 °C per min and then cooled down to 21 °C to bake the angel food cake. At 21 °C, oscillatory stress sweep was performed. There was no relationship between the G′ value of angel cake batter and its G′ value at 150 °C. Changes in rheological properties of batters and angel food cakes using different combinations of ingredients were studied. The pH unfolding and refolding procedure led to more rigid final products compared to the controls with egg albumen samples not subjected to pH treatment. Adding sucrose to the flour increased the starch gelation temperature up to 82 °C. Higher protein concentrations resulted in better foams in the cake batter, but the batter made with an intermediate protein concentration produced the most rigid angel food cake. Adding egg albumin did not change gelation temperature of the starch. It appears that incorporation of flour with the egg white foam, leads to about a ten times decrease in the strength of the foam, and a decrease in the gelatinization process of starch after adding sugar, are crucial in forming of an angel food cake texture.     

高压脉冲电场(PEF)对蛋清蛋白功能特性的影响

蛋清蛋白不仅具有重要的营养价值,而且还具有重要的功能特性如乳化性、起泡性等,作为一种重要的蛋白原料,本实验研究了高压脉冲电场对蛋清蛋白功能性质的影响。结果表明:蛋清蛋白的溶解度在脉冲电场强度大于35kV/cm时下降;蛋清蛋白的乳化性、起泡能力、泡沫稳定性及疏水性先随脉冲电场强度增加而增大,但当脉冲电场强度大于30kV/cm后,蛋清蛋白的乳化性、起泡能力、泡沫稳定性及疏水性下降;随着脉冲电场数的增加,蛋清蛋白的溶解度、乳化性、起泡能力、泡沫稳定性及疏水性变化不显著。     

Detection of Turkey, Duck, and Guinea Fowl Egg in Hen Egg Products by Species-Specific PCR

A simplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been applied for the specific detection of hen, duck, turkey, and guinea fowl in egg products using species-specific primers targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b genes. The species-specific PCR yielded excellent results for identification of duck, turkey, and guinea fowl eggs in hen egg products, since the detection of 0.1% of each species was achieved, in liquid egg products as well as in powders. The proposed method is then a potentially reliable and suitable technique in routine food analysis for the research of fraudulent species mixture practices.     

Dry-pasteurization of egg albumen powder in a fluidized bed. I. Effect on microbiology, physical and chemical parameters

Present pasteurization methods of dried egg albumen powder require large storage facilities and take a long time. The use of a fluidized bed system for dry pasterurization of egg albumen was studied as an alternative approach. In Experiment 1 two different temperature treatments were investigated (90 °C and 130 °C); whilst in Experiment 2 the effect of high vs. low air moisture was studied at a fixed temperature of 115 °C. Both experiments had process times of between 10 min and 3 h. The Reference method was traditional pasteurization at 90 °C for 21 h. Samples were analysed for microbiological, chemical and physical properties. High temperature or high air moisture treatments ensured greater bacterial elimination, formation of covalently bound protein polymers and increased surface hydrophobicity. The nature of polymer bonds is suggested to be Schiff's bases, which increase correspondingly. The powder colour became darker and more yellow at high temperature for 3 h and particle size increased.     

淀粉对鸡蛋蛋白凝胶特性的影响

研究了几种淀粉对鸡蛋蛋白凝胶特性的影响,着重研究了绿豆淀粉对鸡蛋蛋白凝胶特性的影响,并在此基础上,研制出一种新型的速冻食品-甜蛋。     

转谷氨酰胺酶提高蛋清粉凝胶性能的研究

为改善蛋清粉的加工品质,探讨了酶交联反应对提高蛋清粉凝胶性能的影响。通过研究转谷氨酰胺酶用量、反应温度及作用时间对蛋清粉凝胶强度的影响,采用Box-Benhnken设计对转谷氨酰胺酶交联蛋清粉的凝胶强度进行优化。以蛋清粉凝胶强度为响应值,进行响应面分析。结果表明,转谷氨酰胺酶交联蛋清粉的优化工艺条件为:酶用量6U/g蛋清粉,作用时间3.99h,温度35℃,在此条件下,蛋白粉的凝胶强度达到820g/cm2,与实测值基本一致,说明利用该试验建立的模型在实践中具有可行性。     

Isolation of Egg Yolk Granules as Low‐Cholesterol Emulsifying Agent in Mayonnaise

Egg yolk is an essential ingredient for many food products due to its excellent functional properties such as emulsification. However, the consumers’ concern of its cholesterol level has led food industry to seek solutions for its replacement. Utilization of low‐fat egg yolk granules as emulsifier can be an alternative strategy. In this study, granules with low cholesterol content were separated from egg yolk by a simple method under easily scalable centrifugal conditions. The egg yolk granules isolated within 0.17 M NaCl solution achieved a 22.5% yield that was similar to that using higher centrifugation speeds and longer time. The yield of egg yolk granules increased from 25% to 32% when the yolk:water ratio was changed from 1:1 to 1:2. Mayonnaise was prepared to evaluate the emulsifying capacity of the egg yolk granules. It was found that egg yolk granules exhibited similar emulsifying activity as that of whole egg yolk, but a better emulsion stabilizing property that is evidenced by the higher viscosity of mayonnaise prepared with the granules. In addition, the viscosities of mayonnaise prepared by spray dried yolk and granules were slightly higher than the liquid counterpart, showing a further improvement by spray drying on the emulsion stabilizing properties. The mechanical spectra of mayonnaise samples by frequency sweep also suggested that granules favored the formation of stronger 3‐dimensional arrangements of oil droplets and therefore a more stable emulsion. Results suggest that granules isolated within 0.17 M NaCl solution present best emulsifying properties and can be applied as whole yolk replacer in food emulsions.     

Effect of pH and of Succinylation on the Water Retention Properties of Coagulated, Frozen and Thawed Egg Albumen

Egg albumen was modified to improve water retention properties of the coagulated, frozen and thawed product. Albumen was found to contribute more to expressible moisture (%EM) of coagulated whole egg mixture than yolk. For frozen and nonfrozen treatments, albumen (pH gt; 9.5) reduced %EM in both the coagulated albumen and whole egg mixtures made with pH-adjusted albumen. Succinylated albumen (≤0.2% g anhydridelg albumen) reduced %EM for frozen and nonfrozen treatments. Albumen at pH 10.5 and 11.0 required less time to attain an equivalent cook value than at pH 7.0,8.0,9.0, and 10.0.     

Influence of pH-Induced Unfolding and Refolding of Egg Albumen on Its Foaming Properties

ABSTRACT: The foaming properties of egg albumen, which had been subjected to low and high pH unfolding followed by refolding, were investigated. The foaming capacity of egg albumen, the stability of the foam, or both, could be improved by an unfolding and refolding regime by choosing proper unfolding and refolding pH values. The foaming capacities of egg albumen were greatly improved when the refolding was at pH 6.5, 7.5, or 8.5, whereas the foaming capacities could be either slightly increased or decreased when the refolding was at pH 4.5 or 5.5 compared with the controls. The foam stability was in almost all cases improved by the unfolding and refolding treatments except for a few cases of unfolding at pH 1.5 or 10.5. The foam stability and liquid drainage were improved most when the unfolding was at pH 12.5. Analysis of total and surface sulfhydryl groups, surface hydrophobicity, and protein analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) provided strong evidence that the partial unfolding of egg albumen proteins as well as the interactions among egg albumen proteins through disulfide and/or hydrophobic groups dictated the improvements in foaming properties. The increase in surface hydrophobicity showed better correlation with the improvement of foaming properties than the change of surface sulfhydryl content did.