High-Tc superconducting microwave phase shifter

The relation between the surface impedance Z_S(=R_S?jX_S) of superconductors and DC current I has been derived to determine the propagation constant of a superconducting microstrip line, and the relation between the phase delay ? of the superconducting microstrip line and DC current I is also presented. On the basis of these analytical results, a microwave phase shifter has been made by using YBCO superconducting thin film. In this paper, we describe the design principle of phase shifter, its fabrication, and present the experimental results. These measured values agree well with the theoretical curves.     

基于FDTD的约瑟夫森结与超导传输线协同分析方法

为实现高性能处理器,超导RSFQ（快速单磁通量子）电路被提出.该电路主要由超导约瑟夫森结和超导无源传输线组成,对其建模分析是超导RSFQ电路设计的基础.本文提出了基于FDTD（时域有限差分）的约瑟夫森结与超导传输线的协同分析方法.该方法采用FDTD数值方法求解超导传输线的电报方程.在超导传输线与约瑟夫森结交界处的非线性边界条件上,采用了Newton-Raphson迭代算法.数值结果表明,本文提出的约瑟夫森结和超导传输线的协同分析方法与WRspice仿真软件相比具有相同精度,且运算效率显著提高.     

光子带隙结构在微带线中的应用

提出了一种用于微带线的光子带隙结构,该结构由在微带线的底板上光刻出成周期型的正方形环缝组成,对此结构进行了仿真.通过改变环缝的边长,可以看到它们具有不同的阻带特性.     

高温超导微带天线的谐振特性研究

传输线模型是分析微带天线的一种最简单的方法,但其未将导体的特性参数考虑到天线的分析中去,针对这一缺点,为研究超导体的表面阻抗对高温超导微带天线输入阻抗和谐振频率的影响,把导体特性对天线的影响看作一种微扰来处理,对传统的传输线模型进行了修正,并通过与谱域矩量法相比较,验证了修正后方法的有效性.进而利用修正后的方法计算分析了高温超导矩形微带贴片天线的输入阻抗和谐振频率,给出了关于高温超导微带天线输入阻抗和谐振频率的若干结论.     

一种双频双极化宽带高温超导微带天线的研究

为了提高天线的性能,本文设计了一种口径耦合馈电的多层介质高温超导微带天线。天线的馈电网络部分采 用了高温超导材料,利用了高温超导材料具有低表面阻抗的特性,提高了天线的效率。高温超导微带天线的衬底介电 常数过高,多层介质的结构引入一层真空衬底,降低平均介电常数,这样能展宽天线的带宽。天线缝隙采用H 型缝 隙,提高了两极化端口间的隔离度。天线的仿真结果表明了设计思路的合理性和可行性。     

悬置微带线的过渡设计

设计了一种新型微带-悬置微带线和波导-悬置微带线的过渡结构。此过渡模型工艺简单、尺寸紧凑、加工精度不高,在较宽的频带范围内实现了较好的过渡特性。这种过渡设计可以改善悬置微带电路的应用范围,同其它电路或系统可以更好地综合应用。通过仿真设计和样品测试,在整个Ka频段,波导-悬置微带线过渡结构插入损耗小于0.75 dB。     

Radiation and Resonant Frequency of Superconducting Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna on Uniaxial Anisotropic Media

In this work, the full-wave method is used for computing the resonant frequency, the bandwidth, and radiation pattern of High temperature superconductor, or an imperfectly conducting annular ring microstrip, which is printed on uniaxial anisotropic substrate. Galerkin’s method is used in the resolution of the electric field integral equation. The TM set of modes issued from the cavity model theory are used to expand the unknown currents on the patch. Numerical results concerning the effect of the anisotropic substrates on the antenna performance are presented and discussed. It is found that microstrip superconducting could give high efficiency with high gain in millimeter wavelengths. Results are compared with previously published data and are found to be in good agreement.     

PCB上微带线的电磁耦合时域建模分析方法

基于时域有限差分方法和传输线方程,结合高效网格建模技术,文中提出了一种高效的时域建模算 法,它能有效解决微带线的电磁耦合建模问题,实现空间电磁场与微带线瞬态响应的同步计算。首先,结合经验公 式,计算得到微带线的单位长度分布参数,构建适用于微带线电磁耦合分析的传输线方程。然后,采用时域有限差 分(Finite-Difference Time-Domain, FDTD)方法,结合非均匀网格技术和自动网格生成技术,仿真得到微带线激励场, 并在每个时间步进上引入传输线方程获得等效分布源项。最后,对传输线方程使用FDTD 的中心差分格式进行离 散,实现微带线及其端接电路上瞬态响应的迭代求解。为了验证时域建模算法的正确性和高效性,通过自由空间和 屏蔽腔内PCB 上微带线电磁耦合的数值模拟,从计算精度和耗时两方面与传统FDTD 方法的计算结果进行了对比。     

Picosecond nodal testing of centimeter-size superconducting Nb microstrip interconnects

We have implemented a low-temperature electro-optic sampling system for non-invasive, nodal testing of superconducting Nb integrated circuits. With submillivolt sensitivity and a subpicosecond temporal response, this system has been used to perform nodal analysis on rapid-single-flux quantum (RSFQ) devices and superconducting microstrip interconnects. Here we demonstrate that by measuring the propagation of 6-ps-wide pulses at various test nodes, we are able to fully characterize a superconducting microstrip waveguide the size of an entire chip. The transmission line was selected not only to perform the first complete characterization of a superconducting microstrip, but also to demonstrate full nodal testing of a foundry-fabricated RSFQ integrated circuit. Finally, our results provided much-needed feedback for improving computer simulations of superconducting digital circuits.     

A unified TLM model for wave propagation of electrical and opticalstructures considering permittivity and permeability tensors

A generalized transmission line matrix (TLM) formalism is proposed for unified simulation of wave propagation problems. The present modeling is made possible with a new TLM node that is derived to account for simultaneously the electromagnetic effects of permittivity and permeability tensors of material. It is shown, through numerical examples, that the new node-based TLM algorithm in the frequency domain can be used to solve a large class of complex electromagnetic problems ranging from microwave circuits to optical devices. A dynamic solution for the r-cut sapphire-based microstrip is presented that highlights its application to high-temperature superconducting microwave circuits     

小型化微波悬置屏蔽微带线滤波器的设计

本文给出了悬置屏蔽微带线交指滤波器的设计公式，并成功的研制了Ｘ线段小型化悬置屏蔽微带线交指滤波器，实验结果和理论计算吻合得很好。     

Adjustable microstrip transformer for use with Josephson devices in mm-wave ICs

A simple remotely adjustable cryogenic impedance transformer employing superconducting inverted microstrip circuits is described. The scheme is particularly suitable for efficiently coupling low impedance (0.1?5 ?) thin-film devices (e.g. Josephson junctions) in planar microwave integrated circuits to waveguide or other superconducting and semiconducting devices at millimetre wavelengths. Preliminary results obtained at 8 mm are presented.     

Full-Wave Analyses for a Multi-Layered Microstrip Patch Antenna

This paper describes numerical modelling of a dual band multi-layered microstrip patch antenna operating at 35GHz on an in-house semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The simulated and measured resonant frequencies at both lower and upper resonant frequencies will be compared to check the accuracy of the different numerical modelling techniques.     

Characterization of Nb-Based Superconducting Microstrip Lines Around the Gap Frequency

Submillimter-wave SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) mixers usually adopt SIS junctions associated with an integrated tuning circuit, which tunes out the junction's geometric capacitance and is typically an inductive thin-film superconducting microstrip line. This paper mainly investigates the characteristic of Nb-based superconducting microstrip lines around the junction's gap frequency, at which the surface resistance of Nb films becomes considerable, and its effect on the performance of SIS mixers.     

Attenuation and dispersion for high-Tc superconductingmicrostrip lines

The attenuation and dispersion of microstrip lines of the high-T_c superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (YBCO) on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates as a function of frequency and temperature are calculated. The effect on pulse propagation of superconducting and model dispersion in addition to the attenuation is demonstrated. At 60 K, microstrip lines of YBCO are significantly less attenuating at frequencies below 500 GHz than microstrip lines of copper at the same temperature. This advantage is particularly significant at the higher attenuations that result as the substrate thickness is made smaller for miniaturization or to improve the microstrip line bandwidth. The application of YBCO for microstrip lines appears to be most useful at frequencies above 100 GHz and dielectric thicknesses less than 100 μm, where the attenuation of cooled copper is prohibitively large. Cooled to temperatures below 20 K, YBCO may make possible a new generation of extremely high bandwidth (~5 THz), small-feature-size (~5 μm) circuits and devices     

Propagation characteristics of superconducting microstrip lines

The modified spectral-domain approach is applied to study the propagation characteristics of high temperature superconducting microstrip lines whose signal strip and ground plane are of arbitrary thickness. In this study, numerical results for effective dielectric constant, attenuation constant, and strip current distribution are presented to discuss the effects due to frequency, temperature, strip thickness, and substrate loss tangent. In particular, the conductor and dielectric attenuation constants of superconducting microstrip line are depicted separately to discuss the mechanism of the line losses. A comparison with published theoretical and experimental results is also included to check the accuracy of the new approach's results     

Microstrip Elliptic-Function Low-Pass Filters Using Distributed Elements or Slotted Ground Structure

This paper presents two microstrip elliptic-function low-pass filters, one using distributed elements and one using a slotted ground structure. The one using distributed elements consists of a microstrip line section in parallel with an interdigital capacitor; the other one using a slotted ground structure consists of a low-impedance microstrip line with a slotted ground structure cell under the center of the line. A transmission-line model and a full-wave simulation are used to calculate the inductance/capacitance values of the equivalent circuits. The design concept was validated through experiments showing good agreements with the full-wave simulated results.     

基于FDTD的相控微带天线阵设计与分析

针对相控微带天线阵设计、分析过程的复杂性,提出了用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对微带天线阵进行建模,用仿真软件Emp ire获取数据,结合直线阵理论和传输线理论导出相应的公式,用M atlab进行数据处理的设计、分析方法。用该方法设计了一个七单元相控微带天线直线阵。优化设计后,分析了动态反射系数、方向图等。通过实例将该方法分析结果与仿真曲线进行了对比,其吻合程度验证了该方法的准确性。研究表明,这种方法有利于相控微带天线阵的快速设计。     

A dynamic vector model of microstrip RF resonators for high-field MR imaging

This paper describes a dynamic vector model for modelling the electromagnetic characteristics of microstrip radio-frequency (RF) resonators for high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A biological tissue-equivalent load having a circular cross section is assumed in the analysis. The dynamic model uses the well-known Green's function for cylindrically stratified media to characterize all six components of the electromagnetic field excited by the microstrip lines. The accuracy of the method as a function of its parameters is assessed and the results compared with those obtained from the quasi-static method often used at low frequencies. The limits of the quasi-static assumption are investigated by comparing values for the modal propagation constant and the terminating capacitances required to tune the cavity resonance over a frequency range of 100 MHz-1 GHz. The dynamic method is further used to analyse the modal content of a microstrip head resonator. Finally, a variational approach is used to assess the impact of the intermodal coupling for the case of small perturbations in the shape and the position of the cylindrical phantom.