Emergency Management in Korea and Its Future Directions

Since South Korea has historically experienced a great number of natural hazards, the emergency management system has traditionally focused on natural hazards. However, as several large-scale man-made and/or technological disasters have occurred in South Korea in the 1990s, major changes have taken place in Korea`s emergency management systems. Accordingly, this paper examines the emergency management system in South Korea in terms of structural dimensions for emergency management along with the types of disasters. Discussions on theoretical issues of crisis and emergency management are included, but most of this paper is devoted to an overview of Korean emergency management systems as recent responses to disaster. Korea has had to learn the hard way. The Disaster Management Act was established after Korea experienced serious disasters in the mid 1990s. Korea`s emergency management system is still evolving. This paper concludes that emergency management organizations should have coordinating power for a unified response to a crisis as quickly as possible and that the emergency management system in Korea should be equipped with mitigation and preparedness strategies.     

INFORMATION FILTERING FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Information filtering is an intelligent function that selects the relevant messages and items of use or interest to the user from a large amount of incoming information. This function has become very important for the rapid development of network technology. This article focuses on information filtering for the management of emergency situations. We believe that special purpose-built "information filtering systems" should be developed to cope with the problem of information overload in emergency management. In this article, we first investigated features of information in emergent situations and then proposed an information filtering system for emergency management. The proposed system is composed of two parts: causal analysis and information classification. A prototype system has been developed and its effectiveness was evaluated by experiments.     

基于综合集成研讨厅的应急虚拟会商系统

应急会商是应急处置活动中的重要环节,针对应急处置过程的复杂性和不确定性,分析了应急会商的功能需求,采用定性与定量相结合的综合集成研讨厅方法,构建了应急虚拟会商系统,提出了相应的实现技术框架和面向服务的体系架构。该系统对于实现信息化时代的高效应急处置具有重要意义。     

大型应急医疗物资调度系统的设计与实现

针对现有应急医疗保障系统不够完善,各医院部门医疗应急物资指挥调度能力不足的问题,提出构建基于灰色关联度的大型应急医疗物资调度系统。在系统设计中根据实际应用需求与扩展的需要,采用物资管理控制层、应急通信接入层、终端设备应用层三层结构设计,建立具备丰富接入模块和各种应急通信资源互通的医疗应急物资指挥调度系统平台。设计并建立医疗应急物资需求预测模型与调度模型,可以为系统准确提供医疗应急物资调度执行方案,并通过仿真实验验证了构建的医疗应急物资调度方案的合理性,从而提升了政府相关部门应对突发性事件的指挥调度能力。     

Cyber risk management for autonomous passenger ships using threat-informed defense-in-depth

Recent innovations in the smart city domain have led to the proposition of a new mode of transportation utilizing Autonomous Passenger Ships (APS) or ferries in inland waterways. The novelty of the APS concept influenced the cyber risk paradigm and led to different considerations regarding attack objectives, techniques as well as risk management approaches. The main factor that has led to this is the autoremote operational mode, which refers to autonomous operations and remote supervision and control in case of emergency. The autoremote operational mode influences the risk of cyber attacks due to the increased connectivity and reliance on technology for automating navigational functions. On the other hand, the presence of passengers without crew members imposes a safety risk factor in cyber attacks. In this paper, we propose a new cyber risk management approach for managing the cyber risks against cyber physical systems in general and Autonomous Passenger Ships in particular. Our proposed approach aims to improve the Defense-in-Depth risk management strategy with additional components from the Threat-Informed Defense strategy allowing for more evolved cyber risk management capabilities. Moreover, we have utilized the proposed cyber risk management approach for the proposition of a cybersecurity architecture for managing the cyber risks against an APS use case named milliAmpere2. Additionally, we present our results after conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in cybersecurity evaluation in the maritime domain. Then, the findings of the SLR were utilized for a suitable evaluation of the proposed risk management approach. Our findings suggest that our proposed risk management approach named Threat-Informed Defense-in-Depth is capable of enriching several risk management activities across different stages in the system development life cycle. Additionally, a comprehensive evaluation of the cybersecurity posture of milliAmpere2 has been conducted using several approaches including risk evaluation, simulation, checklist, and adversary emulation. Our evaluation has uncovered several limitations in the current cybersecurity posture and proposed actions for improvement.

     

ADOME: an advanced object modeling environment

ADOME, which stands for ADvanced Object Modeling Environment, is an approach to integrating data and knowledge management based on object oriented technology. Next generation information systems will require more flexible data modeling capabilities than those provided by current object oriented DBMSs. In particular, integration of data and knowledge management capabilities will become increasingly important. In this context, ADOME provides versatile role facilities that serve as “dynamic binders” between data objects and production rules, thereby facilitating flexible data and knowledge management integration. A prototype that implements this mechanism and the associated operators has been constructed on top of a commercial object oriented DBMS and a rule base system     

Distributed evolutionary algorithms for simulation optimization

The optimization of such complex systems as manufacturing systems often necessitates the use of simulation. In this paper, the use of evolutionary algorithms is suggested for the optimization of simulation models. Several types of variables are taken into account. The reduction of computing cost is achieved through the parallelization of this method, which allows several simulation experiments to be run simultaneously. Emphasis is put on a distributed approach where several computers manage both their own local population of solutions and their own simulation experiments, exchanging solutions using a migration operator. After a first evaluation through a mathematical function with a known optimum, the benefits of this new approach are demonstrated through the example of a transport lot sizing and transporter allocation problem in a manufacturing flow shop system, which is solved using a distributed software implemented on a network of eight Sun workstations     

基于HLA的防空雷达仿真建模研究

防空雷达成员是炮兵C3I仿真系统中的一个重要组成部分,研究其HLA体系下的建模与仿真意义重大。文章在分析HLA体系结构和标准的基础上,深入研究了基于HLA的防空雷达建模方法。按照对象建模的思想,通过建立联邦成员模型框架将RTI机制与具体功能建模分开,并充分考虑了各种影响雷达探测能力的内在因素和外在干扰,所建模型已经在某炮兵C3I仿真系统中得到成功应用。     

Reducing cognitive workload of a computer-based procedure system

The use of procedure systems is an important safety management strategy in coping with emergency or abnormal situations in a process control system. With the digitalization trend in these complex and large-scale systems, most aspects of a process control system are also computerized. In addition to the primary tasks, operators now have to do extra secondary tasks when using the computerized systems. In this research, three design features aimed to reduce the cognitive workload are evaluated on our research platform, SimCBP and SimPlant. These two systems work in tandem to simulate a Computer-Based Procedure (CBP) system and a simplified nuclear power plant. From the results of the experiments, the design of embedded controls/parameters is found to be efficient but its counterpart has implications for the design of training materials. Navigation aid, although not statistically significant, is important because of the subjective responses and the need of cross-referencing. The simplified flowchart display format, like other researches on the use of this format, revealed mixed results. Implications and directions for future studies are also proposed.     

基于形式概念分析和层次分析法的应急管理能力模糊综合评价法

现代应急管理能力评价相关研究多围绕评价方法、模型等展开,且存在着忽略事件类型对评价指标的影响、缺乏动态性、学者和公众参与度低等问题。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种动态的、主客观相结合的新型应急管理评估方法。利用形式概念分析(FCA)动态地为一级评价指标赋权值,采用层次分析法(AHP)融合主观因素,最终使用模糊综合评价(FCE)方法得出评价结果。该方法将传统方法中的“常权”修正为“变权”,确保了评价指标和结果的动态性,实验表明此方法是可行有效的。     

面向云计算环境的能耗测量和管理方法

云计算引领了计算机科学的一场重大变革,但与此同时,也不可避免地带来了日益凸显的能源消耗问题,因此,云计算能耗管理成为近几年的研究热点.云计算系统的能耗测量和管理直接关系到云计算的可持续发展,能耗数据不仅关系到能耗模型的建立,而且也是检验云计算资源调度算法的基础.为此,在广泛研究现有能耗测量方法的基础上,归纳总结了当前云计算环境的4种能耗测量方法:基于软件或硬件的直接测量方法、基于能耗模型的估算方法、基于虚拟化技术的能耗测量方法、基于仿真的能耗评估方法,并分析和比较了它们的优势、缺陷和适用环境.在此基础上,指出了云计算能耗管理的未来重要研究趋势:智能主机电源模块、面向不同类型应用的能耗模型、混合任务负载的能耗模型、可动态管理的高效云仿真工具、动态异构分布式集群的能耗管理、面向大数据分析处理和任务调度的节能方法以及新能源供电环境下的节能规划,为云计算节能领域的研究指明了方向.     

Product relationships management enabler for concurrent engineering and product lifecycle management

The current competitive industrial context requires more flexible, intelligent and compact product lifecycles, especially in the product development process where several lifecycle issues have to be considered, so as to deliver lifecycle oriented products. This paper describes the application of a novel product relationships management approach, in the context of product lifecycle management (PLM), enabling concurrent product design and assembly sequence planning. Previous work has provided a foundation through a theoretical framework, enhanced by the paradigm of product relational design and management. This statement therefore highlights the concurrent and proactive aspect of assembly oriented design vision. Central to this approach is the establishment and implementation of a complex and multiple viewpoints of product development addressing various stakeholders design and assembly planning points of view. By establishing such comprehensive relationships and identifying related relationships among several lifecycle phases, it is then possible to undertake the product design and assembly phases concurrently. Specifically, the proposed work and its application enable the management of product relationship information at the interface of product-process data management techniques. Based on the theory, models and techniques such as described in previous work, the implementation of a new hub application called PEGASUS is then described. Also based on web service technology, PEGASUS can be considered as a mediator application and/or an enabler for PLM that externalises product relationships and enables the control of information flow with internal regulation procedures. The feasibility of the approach is justified and the associated benefits are reported with a mechanical assembly as a case study.     

基于GIS的航天发射应急保障仿真与IDSS的集成

应急保障是航天发射过程中非常重要的环节,而建立相关的应急保障仿真系统对于提高安控指挥人员的安全应急决策能力起着非常重要的作用。该文针对航天发射应急保障的时空特性,提出将地理信息系统（Geographic Information System）和智能决策支持系统（Intelligent Decision Support System）相结合,建立空间智能决策支持系统（Spatial Intelligent Decision Support System）,应用于航天发射应急保障仿真中。该文以GIS为基础结合卫星发射、飞行数据及相关的地理信息,构造了以GIS为框架的应急保障仿真系统,并在此基础上提出了GIS与IDSS紧密集成的方案。最后给出了火箭发射事故模拟的应急决策的生成过程的应用实例。该系统经实际应用,取得了良好的仿真训练效果。     

基于多Agent的蚂蚁觅食过程仿真研究

复杂系统的仿真研究是复杂系统研究领域的一个热点问题.研究表明,传统的建模仿真方法无法很好地刻画复杂系统,而基于多智能体(Agent)的建模仿真方法是当前研究复杂系统的最有力工具之一,有必要进行深入研究.在简单介绍复杂系统以及基于多Agent的建模仿真方法的研究概况后,以蚂蚁觅食过程为研究对象,进行基于多Agent的建模仿真实验,结果表明基本多Agent的建模仿真方法非常适合复杂系统的研究,具有很大的发展空间.     

基于专家控制技术的潜艇高压气自动控制研究

研究潜艇高压气自动控制问题,针对潜艇高压气吹除系统自动化程度低、供气方法经验性较强、且人工操纵容易出现误操作等问题,为提高潜艇水下航行安全性,在高压气应急吹除主压载水舱规律的基础上,引入专家控制技术应用于系统,可在应急情况下完成高压气的自动供气、自动停止供气和自动解除水舱气压,从而实现潜艇高压气系统的自动控制。仿真结果表明,控制方法是可行、有效的,对于实艇高压气系统的自动化研究具有一定参考价值。     

虚拟结点法在多出口疏散方案中的适用性分析

城市化进程的迅速推进促使城市规模日益扩大、人口密度不断提高,制定一个有效的应急疏散方案,使得人员在存在危险时快速且有序地撤离到安全场所,已经成为迫切需要解决的问题。目前已有一些研究成果,而虚拟结点法在网络流中已有较多应用。结合基于道路网络的单出口分阶段疏散算法,将虚拟结点法应用在多出口疏散方案中,旨在对虚拟结点法的适用性进行分析。模拟结果显示,该方法能够有序、快速地组织大规模人群到安全场所。     

Probability tree based passenger flow prediction and its application to the Beijing subway system

In order to provide citizens with safe, convenient and comfortable services and infrastructure in a metropolis, the prediction of passenger flows in the metro-net of subway system has become more important than ever before. Although a great number of prediction methods have been presented in the field of transportation, all of them belong to the station oriented approach, which is not well suited to the Beijing subway system. This paper proposes a novel metro-net oriented method, called the probability tree based passenger flow model, which is also based on historic origin-destination (OD) information. First it learns and obtains the appearance probabilities for each kind of OD pair. For the real-time origin datum, the destination datum is calculated, and then several kinds of passenger flow in the metro-net can be predicted by gathering all the contributions. The results of experiments, using the historical data of Beijing subway, show that although the proposed method has lower performance than existing prediction approaches for forecasting exit passenger flows, it is able to predict several additional kinds of passenger flow in stations and throughout the subway system; and it is a more feasible, suitable, and advanced passenger flow prediction model for Beijing subway system.     

基于灾害仿真的虚拟应急演练系统

基于虚拟现实技术的虚拟应急演练有着广泛的应用,但现有演练系统往往缺少对灾害场景的有效仿真,以及预案支撑下的完整系统框架.针对上述问题,该文首先提出了一种面向应急演练的仿真系统VEDSimu,解决了实体间消息高效传输、大规模仿真模型计算问题;并基于VEDSimu开发预案脚本系统、预案推理机、考核评价以及虚拟现实客户端等其他模块,构建虚拟应急演练系统VEDSys.最后,结合VEDSys在实际企业虚拟消防演练中的应用,验证了系统的可行性、高效性与可扩展性.     

Using an empirical queueing approach to predict future flow times

The traditional method used to describe a steady-state manufacturing system is a queueing model; whereas the common tool used to predict the future performance of a dynamic manufacturing system is a simulation model. This study proposes an empirical queueing approach to obtain the flow time performance measures of a complex dynamic manufacturing system, such as semiconductor wafer fabrication. This approach is easier to implement than a simulation model and more straightforward than a queueing model. Initially, the empirical queueing curve of each work station, which defines the relationship between the utilization rate and the expected waiting time of a small time period, is obtained from the historical database. Then, an iterative scheme is used to predict the future system behavior. Several latest researches have reported that the prediction of future flow times is important in the operation management of a complex manufacturing system. The approach proposed in this study can be easily implemented for such purposes, and the experimental results show that this approach can accurately predict the future flow times.