运动学补偿的宏2微机器人连续轨迹控制研究

一小机械手附在一大机械手末端构成的系统称为宏－微机器人系统,介绍了宏－微机器人连续轨迹控制的新方法,对宏－微机器人的控制在关节空间进行,通过微机械手的快速运动对宏机械手的轨迹误差在线补偿,宏－微机器人轨迹规划离线进行,通过任务放大的方法分解宏－微机器人运动学冗余,仿真和实验证明了方法的有效性。     

微操作机器人显微视觉系统的研究

本文深入研究了基于生物工程领域显微视觉系统的设计方法．给出了微操作物体平面坐标及微机器人手端位姿的求取方法；提出了基于载物台平动测量微操作物体的高度及微机器人做三维空间已知运动标定出微机器人手端在摄像机坐标系的坐标，进而确定微机器人手端与微操作物体之间位置关系的单目视觉方案．采用两步法对显微视觉系统进行了标定．实验证明该系统运行可靠，达到显微操作的要求．     

用于生物与医学工程中的微驱动机器人系统

本文对一种特种机器人—用于生物与医学工程显微操作的微驱动机器人系统作了简要的说明,对生物医学工程中的两种基本显微操作:显微注射和显微切割的动作要求,以及用微驱动机器人系统完成这些操作的可能性,微驱动系统的基本结构做了说明。最后本文提出了在研制工作中遇到的问题。     

面向微小型机器人的5.8GHz微波能量传输系统

提出了面向微小型机器人的5.8 GHz 微波能量传输系统,采用Ritz-Galerkin（RG）方法建立了微波能 量传输系统射频整流电路模型,分析了整流二极管的整流性能,得到了输入功率与输出电压、整流效率与负载比之 间的关系．设计了八木振子天线,提高了能量接收的定向性．最后搭建了微小型机器人微波能量传输实验系统,开 展了利用微波传输能量驱动微机器人的实验,验证了利用微波能量传输系统为微小型机器人供能的可行性．     

基于多机器人的微机器人足球比赛系统

微机器人足球比赛是将多机器人的协调控制、实时视觉系统、无线电通信、策略知识库系统、多传感器融合及计算机软/硬件等各种技术综合在一起的非常复杂的智能机器人应用系统.文中主要介绍能作微机器人足球比赛的MRS—1型多机器人系统.该系统由三部分组成:第一,组成球队,并能进行足球比赛的多微机器人系统;第二,对多机器人进行控制的主控系统,包括:对足球比赛的动态环境(包括自己和对方)做全面了解和分析的实时视觉系统,对各机器人与主控系统之间起联络作用的无线电通信系统,以及根据动态环境产生比赛策略的主计算机系统;第三,比赛环境,包括:比赛场地、球及裁判员,在整个比赛过程中,场外人员不允许用操纵杆、口令或其它方法干预比赛,机器人完全独立、自主地进行比赛,因此这种微机器人足球比赛是能考验机器人的智能化程度和自主性的新方法.微机器人足球比赛不但会推动多机器人系统的各种关键技术的发展,而且也会促进实际足球比赛的战术策略的发展.     

未知环境中小型机器人路径规划策略的研究

针对微小型机器人在进行路径规划时存在系统硬件资源有限,数据处理能力盖及系统感知能力有限,只能获取局部信息,且信息不完备的问题,分析了人在未知环境中路径规划策略,提出了一种微小型机器人的路径规划策略。实验结果表明,该策略可以满足微小型机器人在复杂未知环境中路径规划的要求,为微小型自主机器人的设计提供了新的方法。     

激光作业的宏-微机器人及其控制系统

一小机械手附在一大机械手的末端构成的机器人系统被称为宏-微机器人系统．本文详细介 绍了我们研制的采用激光作业的宏-微机器人本体和控制系统的结构和工作原理,以及在连 续轨迹跟踪和汉字雕刻方面的实验结果．     

自重构移动微机器人设计与自动对接

设计了一种模块化的自重构移动微机器人系统。系统中的每个微机器人模块既可作为动力单元,拖动其它模块进行更远距离的探测,也可自动脱离成为无线通信节点,拓展整个系统的通信距离。通过这2种方式扩展了单个微型移动机器人的探测范围。研制了由1个红外接收器和4个红外发射器组成的导引系统,并基于其设计了一种新型的自动对接方法。最后进行了微机器人之间的对接实验,验证了该方法具有很高的效率和可靠性。     

微型机器人视觉系统的实现

利用Ф2mm电磁型微马达作为执行器设计制作了一外形尺寸为 5mm× 6mm的微型机器人小车 ,附设了粗细两级CCD摄像头来实现机器人视觉。为了满足机器人实时控制的要求 ,采用简单实用的机器人运动参数粗略提取方法 ,实现了机器人当前位置、运动速度和方向以及运动加速度等参数的实时提取。当机器人到达目的地来实现微器件精密定位时 ,采用亚像元定位的方法来实现微操作端位置参数的精确提取。模板匹配技术在微型机器人系统中的灵活运用解决了系统参数提取的实时性问题 ,实现了机器人视觉     

一个机器人仿真系统

本文介绍了作者在IBM-PC微机上实现的一个机器人仿真系统.该系统能显示机器人及其环境的三维图形,对机器人的运动学问题进行仿真。系统以交互方式工作,有较强的图形编辑功能和仿真功能.     

Component-based robot system design for grasping tasks

The paper presents a robot system design with highly reusable components for a component-based robot system for manipulation tasks. The robot system is designed based on the analysis of manipulation tasks using a unified modeling language use case diagram. For a service robot with locomotion and manipulation mechanisms, reusability of robot system components is improved by adopting the proposed design. Our structure consists of scenario, task, robot information management server, data analyzer, sensor hardware controller, skill, and motion hardware controller on a component-based robot system. Based on the proposed robot system, we implemented a component-based robot system and subsequently realized a grasping motion by a service robot.     

Development of a separable search-and-rescue robot composed of a mobile robot and a snake robot

Abstract

In this study, we propose a new robot system consisting of a mobile robot and a snake robot. The system works not only as a mobile manipulator but also as a multi-agent system by using the snake robot's ability to separate from the mobile robot. Initially, the snake robot is mounted on the mobile robot in the carrying mode. When an operator uses the snake robot as a manipulator, the robot changes to the manipulator mode. The operator can detach the snake robot from the mobile robot and command the snake robot to conduct lateral rolling motions. In this paper, we present the details of our robot and its performance in the World Robot Summit.     

一个先进的工业机器人计算机控制系统—ARCS

随着工业机器人及其应用的不断发展,要求一个强有力的计算机系统来控制它的工作,并具有灵活、方便的机器人编程语言.本文系统地介绍了我们自行设计并实现的一个先进的机器人控制系统——ARCS.该系统主要包括两部分:(1)一个实时多任务的机器人控制软件SVAL系统,该系统支持一种通用性较强的机器人编程语言——SVAL语言.(2)一个支持该软件系统工作的、具有开放式结构的硬件环境.ARCS系统具有良好的实时性、可扩展性及基于外部传感器信号进行控制的能力.由于该系统的开放式结构.使其根据不同要求可方便地增删其功能,并可控制不同类型的机器人.我们已成功地实现对PUMA760机器人的控制,并在其上引入了力觉与接近觉的传感器,采样时间可缩短到16ms.一年多的运行结果证明,该系统稳定可靠,性能良好,现在正向产品转化.     

Remote human–robot collaboration: A cyber–physical system application for hazard manufacturing environment

Collaborative robot's lead-through is a key feature towards human–robot collaborative manufacturing. The lead-through feature can release human operators from debugging complex robot control codes. In a hazard manufacturing environment, human operators are not allowed to enter, but the lead-through feature is still desired in many circumstances. To target the problem, the authors introduce a remote human–robot collaboration system that follows the concept of cyber–physical systems. The introduced system can flexibly work in four different modes according to different scenarios. With the utilisation of a collaborative robot and an industrial robot, a remote robot control system and a model-driven display system is designed. The designed system is also implemented and tested in different scenarios. The final analysis indicates a great potential to adopt the developed system in hazard manufacturing environment.     

Design and experiments on a free-floating planar robot for optimal chase and capture operations in space

This paper describes an autonomous free-floating robot system that was designed to investigate the behavior of free-floating robots that are involved in the capture of satellites in space. The robot is used as a test bed for algorithms that have been developed for efficient and autonomous capture of objects in space. The robot is a completely autonomous system running under a real-time operating system. It is equipped with two three-degree-of-freedom arms, a three-axis thruster system and a fast communications module. The robot works in conjunction with a host computer. The host computer is used to process the capture algorithms and the robot implements the results in real time. The entire system provides a test bed for algorithms developed for optimal capture of objects in space.     

仿真环境下的机器人足球决策系统

机器人足球系统是一类典型的多移动机器人合作的对抗系统．具有实时性要求高、环境高度动态、存在不可预测状态等特点．机器人足球系统是人工智能和智能控制领域的探究热点之一。主要研究在仿真环境下基于三层控制决策模型的机器人足球决策系统．为单个或多个足球机器人分配任务和执行任务。使机器人决策系统具有较好的应激性和协调性,实现有效攻防．探讨多智能机器人实时合作与对抗问题、以求验证和发展人工智能的有关理论和技术。     

A system for self-diagnosis of an autonomous mobile robot using an internal state sensory system: fault detection and coping with the internal condition

Considering that intelligent robotic systems work in a real environment, it is important that they themselves have the ability to determine their own internal conditions. Therefore, we consider it necessary to pay some attention to the diagnosis of such intelligent systems and to construct a system for the self-diagnosis of an autonomous mobile robot. Autonomous mobile systems must have a self-contained diagnostic system and therefore there are restrictions to building such a system on a mobile robot. In this paper, we describe an internal state sensory system and a method for diagnosing conditions in an autonomous mobile robot. The prototype of our internal sensory system consists of voltage sensors, current sensors and encoders. We show experimental results of the diagnosis using an omnidirectional mobile robot and the developed system. Also, we propose a method that is able to cope with the internal condition using internal sensory information. We focus on the functional units in a single robot system and also examine a method in which the faulty condition is categorized into three levels. The measures taken to cope with the faulty condition are set for each level to enable the robot to continue to execute the task. We show experimental results using an omnidirectional mobile robot with a self-diagnosis system and our proposed method.     

A singularity-free motion control algorithm for robot manipulators—a hybrid system approach

This paper presents the design and implementation of a singularity-free tracking algorithm for robot manipulators using a hybrid system approach. A hybrid robot motion controller is designed to ensure feasible robot motion in the neighborhood of kinematic singularities. The hybrid control system has a two-layered hierarchical structure, a discrete layer and a continuous layer. The robot workspace is partitioned into subspaces based on the singular configurations of the robot. Switching between continuous controllers is involved when the robot travels across the subspaces. With the hybrid controller, the robot can work at the vicinity of singular configurations, but also can go through and stay at the singular configurations. The stability of the hybrid system is investigated using multiple Lyapunov function theory. Experimental results have demonstrated the advantages of the hybrid robot motion control method.     

Robot selection expert ‘Rose’

One of the major problems facing the robot user in the future will be his choice of the optimum robot for a particular task. What is needed is a highly automated robot selection system which will eliminate the human decision-making process. The system presented will be used when a robot is being considered to replace a human at a particular task, while the rest of the workplace remains fixed. The purpose of this paper is twofold; firstly, to demonstrate the knowledge required in making an optimum robot selection, and secondly, to provide a tutoral in designing an expert system using EXPERT. The paper will provide (1) the data base, (2) rules for transforming that data base, and (3) the control strategy that is necessary in implementing an expert system to perform the aforementioned task. The system will query the user as to the characteristics of the desired robot and the expert system will choose an optimum robot from the choices in the data base. The user will construct the environment in which the robot will be working by using 3-D modeling techniques. The user will choose from a menu and place the various objects which the robot will have to conform to. Thus, constraints such as maximum space available, can be stripped out of the 3-D drawing rather than having the expert system query the user for dimensions. One very good feature of such a system is that as new robots are developed their specifications can be added to the data base very easily.     

MAHRU-M: A mobile humanoid robot platform based on a dual-network control system and coordinated task execution

This paper introduces a mobile humanoid robot platform able to execute various services for humans in their everyday environments. For service in more intelligent and varied environments, the control system of a robot must operate efficiently to ensure a coordinated robot system. We enhanced the efficiency of the control system by developing a dual-network control system. The network system consists of two communication protocols: high-speed IEEE 1394, and a highly stable Controller Area Network (CAN). A service framework is also introduced for the coordinated task execution by a humanoid robot. To execute given tasks, various sub-systems of the robot were coordinated effectively by this system. Performance assessments of the presented framework and the proposed control system are experimentally conducted. MAHRU-M, as a platform for a mobile humanoid robot, recognizes the designated object. The object’s pose is calculated by performing model-based object tracking using a particle filter with back projection-based sampling. A unique approach is used to solve the human-like arm inverse kinematics, allowing the control system to generate smooth trajectories for each joint of the humanoid robot. A mean-shift algorithm using bilateral filtering is also used for real-time and robust object tracking. The results of the experiment show that a robot can execute its services efficiently in human workspaces such as an office or a home.