基于农机科技创新的农机与农艺结合思考

我国一直是农业大国,国民经济的一个重要组成就是农业。在科技时代,农业领域中也积极实现农机的科技创新,从而大幅度提高农业的生产效率,在为农民带来更多经济效益的同时,推动我国农业的整体发展。农艺主要指农作物品种选育、栽培和种植等技艺,直接关系到农作物的生长。基于农机科技创新,要有效结合农机和农艺,在农业生产中充分应用科学技术,以提高农业产量。主要探讨农机和农艺在农机科技创新下有机结合的策略。     

农作物新品种推广中若干问题与思考

优质农作物品种是最重要的农业生产资料之一,农作物新品种推广应用对农业生产发展有着极大的促进作用。文章结合实际情况,阐述了农作物新品种推广工作中存在的问题,研究提出农作物新品种推广的对策。     

农作物秸秆综合利用技术推广

湖南省常德市农业机械化技术推广站,引导常德农民采用农作物秸秆综合应用技术。介绍了推广农作物秸秆综合利用的基本情况,总结了推广应用的主要做法,分析了推广应用中存在的问题,提出了推广农作物秸秆综合利用的工作建议。     

种子科学与种子执法年

<正>国以农为本,农以种为先。种子是农作物的先天物质条件。多少年来,我国农业科学家至力于良种选育、新种培育和制种技术进步,不断进行种子品种更新换代,屡屡取得显著成效。种子科研已成为农作物增产的一个重要手段。特别是近期,在杂交优势利用、常规育种和部分作物的转基因育种、太空育种等领域达到     

地膜覆盖——农作物栽培史上的重大变革

新中国建立之后,随着土地改革和农业合作化的开展,多项农业先进技术的推广应用,有力地推动了我国农业生产的发展.其中,对整个农作物栽培技术的推动和提高最为显著的,当属塑料薄膜地面覆盖栽培(简称地膜覆盖栽培)技术的引进、试验、示范、消化和推广应用.     

新形势下衡水市农业产业化模式发展探讨

我国是世界上几个农业大国之一,农业经济占我国经济总量的很大一部分,农业经济在我国社会文明发展历程中具有重要的历史意义,从世界农作物发展视角上看,近年来,随着科学技术广泛运用于农作物生产,农作物产量得到很大的提高,因此,在新时代背景下,转变我国传统的农作物生产方式,提高我国农作物产量,推动实现我国农作物标准化、规模化、科技化生产是大势所趋。如何实现衡水市农业产业化发展成为农业学者广泛关注的话题,基于实现衡水市农业产业化发展的视角,对发展农业新科技产业化模式策略进行研究,以供参考。     

秸秆粪便混合有机肥造粒技术应用

我国是农业大国,同时也是秸秆生产大国,据不完全统计,我国每年农作物秸秆产量为6亿多吨,居世界第一。江苏省农作物秸秆资源丰富,每年可产生农作物秸秆8000万吨。农作物秸秆是一项重要的生物质资源,可用作燃料、肥料、饲料及工业生产的原料等。近年来,随着农村经济和农业机械化的快速发展,农作物秸秆的有效利用率提     

农作物无公害栽培的管理技术分析

我国是农业大国,农业生产对我国的经济建设和社会发展产生至关重要的影响。加强农作物无公害栽培管理技术是我国农业经济发展的必然趋势。针对农作物无公害栽培的管理技术展开叙述,首先阐述了无公害农作物栽培技术的概念,接着说明我国当前农作物无公害栽培管理技术现状,最后详细列举管理技术的具体措施。     

农作物高产栽培与病虫害防治技术研究

农业是一个国家稳定发展的基础,对农作物高产栽培与病虫害防治技术进行研究,简要地说明了农作物高产栽培与病虫害防治的意义,并详细地介绍了品种选育、轮作整地、确定播种时间、田间管理与病虫害防治技术,为农作物种植提供一定的参考。     

吉玉18玉米新品种高产栽培技术及推广措施

吉玉18是以自交系KNL1088为母本、自交系FL340T为父本杂交选育的玉米新品种,2018年通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种在湘西自治州开展试验示范,田间综合性状优良,具有良好推广价值。结合当地示范推广经验,对该品种高产栽培技术及推广应用措施进行探讨分析,以供参考。     

MODELING METHOD FOR PRODUCT STRUCTURE MAPPING BASED ON REVERSE SOLVING OF LOCUS AND MOTION

Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion (RSLM) is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of geometric and structural features is obtained through RSLM. The element instance subsets related to component are established based on the element type mapping, pair structure type mapping and design knowledge mapping between components and elements layer by layer. The assembly position mapping of elements is established based on the topological structure information of mechanism scheme, and the product modeling of structure mapping is realized. The algorithm program and prototype system of product structure mapping based on RSLM are developed. Application samples show that the method implements the integration of scheme design, assembly design and structure design, and modeling for product structure mapping based on RSLM. The feasibility of assembly is analyzed in scheme design that contributes to reducing the design error, and raising the design efficiency and quality.     

精密小孔的加工和测量

精密小孔的加工越来越多,精度要求也越来越高.而精密小孔的加工和测量都比较困难,要想达到精密小孔要求的尺寸精度、形状和位置精度,就要在加工过程中根据实际加工中存在的问题采取一系列相应的措施,其中使用精度较高的仪器进行测量,是保证加工精度和加工质量关键.为此,设计出一种精密小孔测量仪.     

Mass spectrometry analysis of the influenza virus

The role of mass spectrometry to probe characteristics of the influenza virus, and vaccine and antiviral drugs that target the virus, are reviewed. Genetic and proteomic approaches have been applied which incorporate high resolution mass spectrometry and mass mapping to genotype the virus and establish its evolution in terms of the primary structure of the surface protein antigens. A mass spectrometric immunoassay has been developed and applied to assess the structure and antigenicity of the virus in terms of the hemagglutinin antigen. The quantitation of the hemagglutinin antigen in vaccine preparations has also been conducted that is of importance to their efficacy. Finally, the characterization and quantitation of antiviral drugs against the virus, and their metabolites, have been monitored in blood, serum, and urine. The combined approaches demonstrate the strengths of modern mass spectrometric methods for the characterization of this killer virus. [This article was published online 10 September 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 7 November 2008.]     

煤岩渗透率自动化测试系统

研制的煤岩渗透率测定仪及自动化测试系统,可以模拟１０００ｍ垂深的原岩应力,其测量范围宽、精度高、试样加工容易。所设计的压力传感器电路、流量传感器电路和温度传感器电路以及各传感器的调校软件、系统测试软件,实现了煤岩渗透率测定仪自动化测试技术,具有自动化测试和数据处理与存储功能,特别适用于实验室测定低透气性煤岩渗透率。影响煤岩渗透率的主要因素是应力,裂隙和岩性,必须用原岩应力下的渗透率评价煤岩瓦斯输运能力。     

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PRESSURE AND VACUUM CONTINUOUS CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON HYBRID PUMP

A novel pressure and vacuum continuous control system, which adopts a hybrid pump as pressure and vacuum source, is presented. The mathematical model of the system is developed. The theoretical simulation and analysis on the system are implemented in order to study the relationships among the characteristics, parameters and working points of the system. The experimental investigations on the system characteristics are presented with the adoption of a fuzzy-PID controller. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the pressure and vacuum continuous control system based on hybrid pump has good dynamic and static performance, strong robustness and satisfactory adaptability to various system parameters. According to the results, system can successfully gain high accuracy and fast response signal. Also, the mathematical model of system is also testified by the experimental results.     

共融机器人重大研究计划研究进展

“共融机器人基础理论与关键技术研究”重大研究计划,聚焦“刚-柔-软机构的行为顺应与可控性”、“人-机-环境多模态感知与自然交互”以及“机器人群体智能与操作系统架构”三个科学问题,主要面向智能制造、医疗康复、国防安全和学科前沿四个重点方向,实施四年来取得了长足进展,构建机器人与人、机器人与环境、机器人与机器人交互的共融机器人研究体系,推动了工业机器人、服务机器人和特种机器人领域的理论和技术发展,相关科研成果为我国高端制造、康复医疗、国防安全等国家重大需求提供了坚实的理论和技术支撑。对在该重大研究计划支持下所取得的有关共融机器人的主要研究进展进行概述,内容涵盖“与环境共融的加工制造机器人”、“与人共融的康复辅助机器人”、“机器人间共融的群体智能与操作系统”以及“共融机器人前沿：新方法、新原理和新概念”,以此给出后续的重点研究方向和建议。     

Semiautomated methods for cancellous bone histomorphometry using a general-purpose video image analysis system

Semiautomated methods are used to measure elongated, curved and complex branching profiles and isolated perimeter segments in monochrome video images with a general-purpose analysis system. These methods are used to make the major primary measurements of bone histomorphometry. Accuracy and reproducibility of the image acquisition, processing and measurement system is documented by measuring a semicircular standard of known dimensions. Semiautomated applications of the Ar/Le method for measuring areas and perimeters, and calculating lengths and widths of osteoid seams, lengths of mineralization labels and mineral apposition rate, wall width, indirect measurements of eroded, osteoclastic and osteoblastic perimeters without tracing, and measurement of mineralized or total cancellous bone area and perimeter gave values comparable to measurements of the same parameters by tracing or grid counting techniques with equal or better reproducibility and much greater efficiency. Intraindividual variation in measuring multiple bone biopsies was comparable to that reported with current standard methods. Major sources of variability for semiautomated methods were image magnification and selection of profile edges by thresholding, and sources of variability for manual methods are image magnification, numbers of orthogonal intercepts, tracing speed and accuracy of the algorithm used to measure traced pixels. Semiautomated methods are accurate, reproducible and rapid methods suitable for bone histomorphometry.     

Overbased lubricant detergents – a comparative study

Overbased detergents are commonly used in automotive and marine lubricants. Their main functions are to neutralise potentially corrosive acids and to contribute to engine cleanliness. The major types of overbased detergents that are produced commercially are phenates, sulphonates and salicylates. This paper describes the chemistry of these additive classes and reviews their properties and performance in bench and engine tests. The paper also describes a new class of overbased detergents, where novel chemistry has been used to produce new types of highly overbased phenate, sulphonate, and salicylate. These new products exhibit significant improvements in properties and performance over conventional detergents. Evidence from bench and engine tests is presented to demonstrate the benefits of the new detergent types. An appendix gives more detail on the results of tribological tests on these new detergents.     

Structural organization of the cytoskeleton in SV40 human corneal epithelial cells cultured on nano- and microscale grooves

The basement membrane of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) has a three-dimensional nanoscale architecture, which includes pores, bumps and fibers that may influence cell-substrate adhesion and spreading in the overlying cells. We previously demonstrated that nano- and microscale groove and ridge patterns influence the morphological response and the adhesive response of HCECs to a nominal wall shear stress. Cell-substrate adhesion is mediated by adhesion receptors that bind to extracellular matrix components and anchor the cytoskeleton (CSK) of cells to extracellular elements. Here we investigate the CSK organization in SV40-transformed HCECs grown on nano- and microscale groove and ridge patterns. X-ray lithography was used to fabricate uniform groove and ridge patterns with features ranging in size from 200 nm to 2 microm grooves. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate CSK structure and the distribution of -beta1 integrin adhesion receptors. CSK elements aligned with the patterns; however, the spatial organization of these elements was influenced by feature size. Larger CSK bundles lay on top of the ridges and ran parallel to the patterns, whereas smaller CSK bundles, whose width was proportional to the groove size, spanned the grooves. -Beta1 integrins co-localized with the CSK and had a higher density at the poles of aligned spindle-shaped cells. Differences in organization seen on the different topographical feature sizes may be indicative of differences in extracellular matrix organization. This may explain, in part, previous observations regarding the dependence of cell adhesive responses on the size of topographic features in the substrate.     

Taxonomic significance of caryopsis in subfamily Panicoideae (Poaceae) using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy

In recent study, 13 taxa of subfamily Panicoideae were investigated for morphological characterization of caryopsis. Light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized to study macro‐ and micro‐morphological caryopsis features respectively. Caryopsis size in studied taxa was recorded as 1.5–10 mm long and 1–4 mm wide. Caryopsis color was brown, green, yellow, and whitish‐brown. Caryopsis shape studied was obovate, elliptic, linear oblate, and round shallowly obtriangular. Hilum position is grooved and depressed. Caryopsis compression type was lateral and dorsiventral. Major variations among studied taxa were observed in terms of caryopsis surface pattern and epicuticular projection types. Six types of caryopsis surface pattern were observed viz. scabrate, rugose, striate, reticulate, papillate, and scabridulous. Structures such as silica cells, bulges, spines, prickles, granules, and bicellular microhair were studied as epicuticular projections. Major variations were observed among Cenchrus pennisetiformis and Cenchrus ciliaris as both has entirely two different types of surface patterns and epicuticular projections. Anticlinal wall thickness and pattern as well as periclinal wall texture and level were investigated. The present research work emphasized on caryopsis characterization of subfamily Panicoideae and it is recommended to establish phylogeny within subfamily Panicoideae and with other subfamilies of Poaceae.