锁相倍频细分中光栅位移跟踪速度与分辨率的关系

针对光栅传感器信号细分时普遍存在的分辨率提高、位移跟踪速度下降这一现象,基于锁相倍频细分方法研究了光栅位移跟踪速度与分辨率之间的关系.以50线/mm的普通光栅尺为例,利用FPGA芯片的底层嵌入模块74297实现了对光栅信号的锁相倍频细分.研究了锁相倍频细分电路的截止频率,推导出光栅跟踪速度与分辨率的数学关系.利用QuartusⅡ软件搭建了锁相倍频细分电路,利用Simulink工具箱对该电路进行了建模和仿真,验证了所得结果的正确性,为设计高分辨率、高位移跟踪速度的数字集成化光栅数显装置奠定了基础.     

ISP技术在磨床测控系统中的应用

介绍了由光栅传感器构成的磨床测控系统的发展过程,给出了系统设计的总体思路,论述了在系统可编程技术在系统中的应用。采用数字化锁相式光栅莫尔条纹信号细分理论及可编程逻辑器件集成化技术,利用在系统可编程逻辑器件ispLSI1032设计出数字化锁相倍频电路,实现了数字化控制,提高了信号的跟踪能力,系统的测控精度、集成度及可靠性大幅度提高。     

一种光栅莫尔信号数字锁相细分方法

为了保证和提高光栅传感器在动态测量过程中信号细分结果的准确性和实时性,本文提出一种新型的莫尔信号数字锁相细分方法.该方法采用开环结构,根据光栅莫尔信号的实时频率,利用小数分频方法完成对光栅莫尔信号的细分功能;开发了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的数字锁相细分电路,并对细分实现过程中的电路关键环节进行详细分析;使用自制...     

通用光栅数显装置的研制

为了实现光栅传感器的位移测量,文中研制了一台通用光栅传感器数显装置.该装置通过差分放大器、比较器对输出模拟信号的光栅传感器进行信号处理,与输出数字信号的光栅传感器共用位移测量系统.运用阵列逻辑GAL实现光栅信号的四细分和辨向,利用单片机对GAL输出的细分辨向信号进行计数,通过数码管实时显示光栅传感器的位移测量结果.通用光栅传感器数显装置的研制实现了对模拟/数字信号的测量功能,提高了通用性.     

数字集成化光栅数显装置的研究与设计

介绍了光栅数显装置的现状，提出了锁相式莫尔条纹细分理论，给出了具体的推导过程，论述了该理论的特点，并基于该理论研制出新型数字集成化光栅数显装置。详细介绍了系统的硬软件设计，由于采用了ISP1032-80芯片及89C52单片机，实现了系统的数字化、集成化，具有测量精度高、跟踪速度快、抗干扰能力强等特点。     

基于CPLD的光栅信号处理专用接口芯片设计

针对光栅位移传感器输出的莫尔条纹信号,采用可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)EPM7128设计研制了由4细分与辨向模块、24位可逆计数模块以及总线接口模块构成的光栅信号处理专用接口芯片。简要介绍了光栅位移传感器的工作原理,详细介绍了细分与辩向、计数和接口模块的内部算法实现逻辑及编程方法。芯片的电路设计采用硬件描述语言VHDL,开发环境应用MAXPLUSⅡ。完成的光栅位移传感器信号处理电路精度高、测量范围大,可实现数字量输出,方便的与计算机接口。     

改进数字锁相细分方法的FPGA电路设计

为实现动态测量中光栅莫尔信号的细分,针对传统的数字锁相细分方法存在锁定时间长、频率分辨率低、易受输入信号波动影响等缺点,提出一种改进数字锁相细分方法,在详细分析改进数字锁相细分方法的原理基础上,基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)开展改进锁相细分方法的电路设计,重点对小数分频方法中各个模块的实现过程进行介绍,并开展实验验证电路功能。实验证明,在不同的动态工况下,电路均能够实现改进数字锁相细分方法预定的128倍细分功能,通过与传统数字锁相细分方法对比,改进数字锁相细分方法具有信号快速锁定、分辨率高、动态响应快的优点。     

莫尔条纹信号的数字锁相倍频系统

为实现对莫尔条纹信号的高倍动态细分,提出了莫尔条纹信号数字锁相倍频的细分方法,并设计了基于CPLD芯片的数字锁相倍频系统.该系统将莫尔条纹原始信号处理成方波信号,采用全数字倍频系统对其进行锁相倍频.首先利用鉴频/鉴相器对编码器信号进行鉴别,得到倍频控制字和相位差;然后将倍频控制字送入数控振荡器,实现对原始信号的高倍倍频,同时保证了新生倍频信号与原始信号的相位同步;最后将数控振荡器输出的倍频信号经过N分频,反馈回鉴频/鉴相器,并利用相位差进行相位调整.经过实验证明,系统成功实现了对编码器信号的32768倍的细分.倍频电路全部在CPLD芯片中编程实现,其动态特性好,提高了对编码器信号的跟随速度,避免了机械上对精码码道的刻画、电子学上对精粗码校正及A/D转换中量化等的误差;并且克服了传统模拟倍频方法的响应时间较长、易受温度和电网电压波动影响、存在直流零点漂移及部件饱和等缺欠.     

基于时空转换原理的光栅莫尔信号数字细分

光栅测量的分辨率受限于光栅盘的刻划间距,需通过电子细分等方法提高其测量精度。文中借助时空转换原理,通过载波调制将表征光栅位移的莫尔信号相位加载到时间信号中。证明了通过对时间信号的周期测量实现光栅莫尔信号的40倍细分的方法可行性,并基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)平台设计了光栅莫尔信号的40倍细分集成化的功能电路;分别使用仿真与实际电路测试验证了细分方法的有效性。基于时空转换的数字细分系统具有可靠性高、易于集成以及低成本可定制化等优点。     

基于数字锁相放大的时栅传感器信号处理研究

针对时栅位移传感器对信号噪声和插补时钟频率稳定性敏感及需要时钟频率高的问题,提出了一种基于数字锁相放大技术的时栅位移传感器信号处理方法。该方法用STM32F4微处理器同步产生激励信号和采集时栅输出信号,不需采集正交参考信号,将正交参考信号和输出信号送入正交矢量型数字锁相放大器,实现角位移检测。研究了基于数字锁相放大技术的时栅传感器信号处理原理和算法,设计了A/D采集电路和窄带低通数字滤波器。仿真和试验表明:在信号噪声较大条件下,时栅位移传感器的误差控制在±1.1″以内,显著提高了精度。该方法只需采集一路感应信号即可实现传感器角位移检测,优化和简化了电路结构。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.