纳米莫来石填充PP/EPDM共混物的脆韧转变

制备了含纳米莫来石的三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM-g-MAH)母料,研究了纳米莫来石对聚丙烯(PP)/EPDM和PP/EPDM-g-MAH共混物脆韧转变的影响。结果表明:纳米莫来石的加入使PP/EPDM和PP/EPDM-g-MAH共混物的脆韧转变提前,尤其在纳米莫来石用KH-550改性后,PP/EPDM共混物发生脆韧转变时EPDM的含量由15%降至10%;在橡胶相含量相同时,加入纳米莫来石后共混物的弹性模量和拉伸强度略有下降,而断裂伸长率显著下降。     

Brittle-ductile transition of PP/POE blends in both impact and high speed tensile tests

Polypropylene (PP)/octene-ethylene copolymer (POE) blends were studied in both impact and high speed tensile tests, in which the practical strain rate was 208/s. With the increase of the POE content, brittle-ductile transition (BDT) of PP/POE blends occurred in both the impact and high speed tensile tests. BDT also occurred with the decrease of the tensile speed when any of the PP/POE blends was drawn. The impact deformation of the notched impact samples was analyzed in details. Most of the strain loading of the notched impact samples is taken by the deformation of the narrow region near the notch tip in impact tests. The microunits of the deformation region deform in two methods: high speed tensile deformation and shear deformation because of the tensile speed gradients in the deformation region. At the beginning of impact tests, the strain rate at the notch tip reaches almost 6000/s. In rubber toughened plastics, the shear deformation decreases greatly because of the rubber particle cavitation. Thus, the impact deformation is really a high speed tensile deformation at the narrow region near notch tips. The BDTs in both impact and high speed tensile tests share the same mechanism. The notch sensitivity of plastics is essentially the tensile speed sensitivity of plastics.     

Brittle-ductile transition of polymer blends

Based on the Ludwik-Davidenkov-Orowan theory, a new criterion of BDT for polymer blends is proposed. In this approach fracture stress (_b) and shear yielding stress (_y) governing the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) of polymer blends is combined into a dimensionless group as D_a = _b ²/_y ². The theory dictates that BDT occurs at a critical condition D_ac = 1, brittle fracture occurs when D_a < 1, and ductile fracture occurs when D_a > 1. It can be shown that D_a = F_g · L_ym/L_D, where L_ym measures the length of shear band of the matrix, L_D is a parameter determined by the morphology and interfacial adhesion of dispersed phase, and F_g is related to specimen geometry and other extrinsic parameters. It is suggested that the onset of BDT depends on the competition between the L_ym and L_D. With due consideration to blend morphology, interfacial adhesion and matrix properties, existing experimental evidence supports the applicability of the proposed criterion.The project supported by FORD and NSFC No. 09415312     

Polycarbonate and co-continuous polycarbonate/ABS blends: influence of notch radius

The influence of notch tip radius in the range of 1-0.002 mm was studied on polycarbonate (PC) and co-continuous PC/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). Co-continuous PC/ABS blend was obtained by mixing PC and ABS containing 15% polybutadiene (PB) in a twin screw extruder. PC and PC/ABS specimens were injection moulded into test bars. A notch was milled-in, with notch tip radius of 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1 mm. Very sharp notches with a radius of 0.015-0.002 mm were obtained with an Excimer LAZER. The specimens were tested by single edge notch tensile tests at 1 m/s (apparent strain rate 28.5 s⁻¹) and at different temperatures (−60 to 130 °C). Initiation and propagation phases of the fracture process were monitored and the brittle-ductile transition temperature (T_bd) determined. It appeared that the amount of deformation in the initiation phase of fracture was extremely sensitive to notch tip radius. Temperature measurements of the deformation zone showed that the size of the deformation zone decreased with decreasing notch radius. The T_bd of PC increased rapidly with decreasing notch radius, until the glass transition temperature was approached. Remarkably, for PC the notch sensitivity was strongest around the standard notch tip radius of 0.25 mm. This means that a small deviation of this standard notch leads to large deviations in the results. The PC/ABS blend was much less sensitive to notch tip radius and the T_bd was almost constant. Thus the sensitivity of PC to sharp defects can be neutralised by adding ABS.     

PP／EPDM共混体系界面的研究

本文采用马来酸酐对三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ）进行熔融接枝改性,将性后的ＥＰＤＭ与聚丙烯（ＰＰ）共混,对ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ和ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ两种共混体系的界面状况进行了对比。运用Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ参数、界面张力参数对界面状况进行了表征;运用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和偏光显微镜对共混物的冲击断口形貌以及结晶情况进行了观察与分析;探讨了界面状况与共混物力学性能以及流变性能间的关系。     

EPDM增韧聚丙烯及其脆韧转变机理的研究

聚丙烯/EPDM共混物韧性的测定可以在很宽的温度（25～132 ℃）和组分（EPDM质量分数为0～26%）中进行.发现了增加温度和增加EPDM组分对EPDM增韧的聚丙烯的脆韧转变有相同的影响,发现了聚丙烯/EPDM共混物的脆韧转变温度与EPDM组分之间的相互关系以及聚丙烯/EPDM共混物的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率与EPDM组分之间的相互关系.     

PP/HDPE/EPDM共混物的研究

研究了聚丙烯（ＰＰ）、高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）和ＥＰＤＭ共混制备非交联型ＰＰ／ＨＤＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ三元共混物。结果表明，当共混比ＰＰ／ＨＤＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ＝６５／２０／１５，活性碳酸钙为３０份，ＨＤＰＥ品种为ＧＦ７７５０，采用先把ＨＤＰＥ和ＥＰＤＭ预制成混料再与ＰＰ共混的方法，可得到性能良好的ＰＰ／ＨＤＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ共混物。     

PP/EPDM/有机化锂皂石复合材料的制备

采用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐作为相容剂,将PP、有机化锂皂石及三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)通过双螺杆挤出机共混制备PP/EPDM/有机化锂皂石复合材料,测定了复合材料的力学性能和流动性能。结果表明:在PP/EPDM/有机化锂皂石复合材料体系中,随着弹性体EPDM含量的增加,材料的冲击强度得到显著提高,而且拉伸强度并没有明显下降,同时,体系中加入有机化锂皂石后,可以有效改善复合材料的流动性能,在EPDM含量为5wt%时熔体流动速率提高到2.39 g/10min。     

国内EPDM/PP发展概况

介绍了国内EPDM/PP的生产、使用、消耗状况、价格及其发展趋势。国内可生产EPDM/PP的厂家有10余家，产品多用于汽车保险杠、挡泥板、仪表板、洗衣机和电风扇零部件等，且保险杠和仪表板用EPDM/PP已基本实现产业化。EPDM/PP货源是国产和进口并存，竞争激烈，国产EPDM/PP价格便宜，但品种单位。进入21世纪我国EPDM/PP的供求关系将得到进一步改善，但从品种和质量上还不能完全满足需要，仍需一定数量的进口。     

Dependence of impact strength on the fracture propagation direction in dynamic packing injection molded PP/EPDM blends

In order to further understand the brittle-ductile (B-D) transition in PP/EPDM blends, a shear stress field achieved via dynamic packing injection molding was used to control the rubber particles as elongated and orientated in the PP matrix. The impact strength of the blends was measured in three fracture directions, namely, along the shear flow direction, perpendicular to and oblique (45°) with the flow direction. A definite B-D transition of impact strength was found at 20 wt% of EPDM content along the shear flow direction. About 10 times increase of impact strength was observed at the B-D transition. However, a B-D transition and then a decrease of impact strength brittle-ductile-brittle (B-D-B) was found as increasing of EPDM content in the impact direction perpendicular to and oblique with the flow direction. One observes a big increase of impact strength at 20-30 wt% of EPDM content (B-D transition) from 10-20 to 70-80 kJ/m², then a sharp decrease of impact strength is seen when EPDM content reaches to 30-45 wt% (D-B transition) from 70-80 to 40-50 kJ/m². Correspondingly, there exists a change of rubber particles from roughly spherical shape to highly elongated and oriented shape at D-B transition. SEM shows a very smooth fractured surface when fracture propagation is along or oblique with the shear flow direction, but a lay-by-layer fracture behavior when fracture propagation is perpendicular to the shear flow direction. Our results suggest that the impact fracture direction with respect to the orientation direction play an important role to determine the impact strength. Wu's theory holds true as long as the rubber particles are roughly spherical when viewed in the same direction with fracture propagation direction, but no longer valid when dispersed rubber particles are elongated and oriented when viewed in the direction perpendicular to or oblique with the fracture propagation direction.     

EPDM／PP共混型热塑性弹性体增韧聚丙烯的研究

研究了ＥＰＤＭ／ＰＰ共混型热塑性弹性体对三种聚丙烯的增韧改性，使用较少的ＥＰＤＭ制得较高悬臂梁制品冲击强度的增韧聚丙烯，材料的拉伸强度和弯曲弹性模量仍能满足使用要求。研究了ＴＰＲ的交联密度对ＰＰ／ＴＰＲ共混物塑化特性和流变性能的影响，表明所得共混物属于切敏型假塑性流体。     

我国EPDM／PP发展概况

概述了我国近年来ＥＰＤＭ／ＰＰ发展状况及趋势。     

EPDM粘度对PP＼EPDM共混物断口形态和冲击性能的影响

用机械共混的方法制备了一系列不同ＥＰＤＭ粘度的ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ共混物，对其力学性能和结晶行为进行了表征，并用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）研究了共混物冲击样条的断口形态。实验结果表明，ＥＰＤＭ粘度对共混物的冲击强度有较大影响，随着ＥＰＤＭ粘度的增大，共混物的冲击强度出现极大值，而结晶行为的变化则较小，研究共混物冲击样条的断口形态发现，共混物的冲击强度随ＥＰＤＭ粒径的变化出现极大值。     

HNBR/EPDM共混物结构与性能研究

分别采用过氧化物和硫给予体作交联剂,考察了不同共混比对氢化丁腈橡胶（ＨＮＢＲ）／ＥＰＤＭ共混物性能的影响,并能力ＤＳＣ和ＴＥＭ分析了共混物的相容性,对两胶的共硫化也作了初步探讨。结果表明,两种硫化体系硫化的共混胶扯断伸长率保持率均在６０％以上,都具有优异的耐热氧老化性能。随ＨＮＢＲ用量增大,共混物的定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度均提高,磨耗明显降低。ＨＮＢＲ和ＥＰＤＭ为不相容体系,但硫化仪曲线显示二     

Toughening of PP/EPDM blend by compatibilization

To improve the mechanical properties of blends of polypropylene (PP) and terpolymer of ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM), a triblock copolymer, (PP‐g‐MAH)‐co‐[PA‐6,6]‐co‐(EPDM‐g‐MAH), was synthesized by coupling reaction of maleic anhydride (MAH)‐grafted PP (PP‐g‐MAH), EPDM‐g‐MAH, and PA‐6,6. The newly prepared block copolymer brought about a physical interlocking between the blend components, and imparted a compatibilizing effect to the blends. Introducing the block copolymer to the blends up to 5 wt % lead to formation of a β‐form crystal. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffractograms measured in the region of 2θ between 10° and 50° ascertained that incorporating the block copolymer gave a new peak at 2θ = 15.8°. The new peak was assigned to the (300) plane spacings of the β‐hexagonal crystal structure. In addition, the block copolymer notably improved the low‐temperature impact property of the PP/EPDM blends. The optimum usage level of the compatibilizer proved to be 0.5 wt %. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1267–1274, 2000     

PP/EPDM/纳米弹性体粒子三元共混体系的脆韧转变

研究了PP／EPDM／纳米弹性体粒子(ENP)三元共混体系的脆韧转变行为。结果表明，与PP／EPDM二元共混物相比，三元共混物的脆韧转变可以在EPDM质量分数较低的情况下发生；在橡胶总质量分数相同的情况下，三元共混物有更高的冲击强度，拉伸强度有一定提高。从脆断样条的扫描电镜照片观察到，在相同EPDM质量分数下，PP／EPDM／ENP三元共混物中的EPDM粒子明显细化，分布均一，粒子间距减小，这是脆韧转变提前的原因。     

Morphology and properties of PP/EPDM binary blends and PP/EPDM/nano‐CaCO3 ternary blends

In this article, the morphology, crystallization, and rheological behaviors of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) binary blend and PP/EPDM/calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano‐CaCO₃) ternary blend were investigated. Two processing methods, i.e., direct extrusion and two‐step extrusion, were employed to prepare the PP/EPDM/CaCO₃ blend. The influence of EPDM and nano‐CaCO₃ respectively on phase morphology and properties of PP/EPDM blend and PP/EPDM/CaCO₃ blend were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheometer. The crystallinity and crystallization temperature of PP/EPDM blend were improved in comparison to pure PP due to addition of EPDM, but kept invariable with the increased EPDM loading. As the EPDM content was increased, the mobility of PP molecular chains was weakened. Compared with direct extruded blend, less and finer nano‐CaCO₃ was dispersed in matrix of two‐step extruded blend. Accordingly, the increased nano‐CaCO₃ in matrix gave rise to a weaker increment in crystallinity and crystallization temperature of two‐step extruded blend, and a later platform of tanδ curve. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

In situ compatibilization of PP/EPDM blends during ultrasound aided extrusion

Blends of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and uncured ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM) of various concentrations were treated by high power ultrasonic waves during extrusion. Die pressure and power consumption were measured. The effects of different gap sizes, blend ratios and number of ultrasonic horns were investigated. The rheological properties, morphology and mechanical properties of the blends with and without ultrasonic treatment were studied. In situ compatibilization of the blends was observed as evident by their more stable morphology after annealing, improved mechanical properties and IR spectra. The obtained results indicated that ultrasonic treatment induced the thermo-mechanical degradations and led to the possibility of enhanced molecular transport and chemical reactions at the interfaces. Processing conditions were established for enhanced in situ compatibilization of the PP/EPDM blends.     

PP／EPDM共混型热塑性弹性体性能的研究

研究了粉末ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ共混型热塑性弹性体的力学性能、热老化性能、压缩永久变形及流变性能。考察了滑石粉及炭黑对共混物性能的影响。结果表明,炭黑用量以２０份为宜,ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ共混物有较好的压缩永久变形及热老化性能。     

动态硫化聚丙烯／三元乙丙橡胶共混材料

采用动态硫化技术研制了聚丙烯/三元乙丙橡胶共混材料(PP/EPDM)。考察了EPDM含量对共混材料力学性能、热性能的影响,研究了共混材料的流变性能,以及注射成型工艺条件与成型收缩率之间的关系。