清洁发展机制在我国生物质能领域的应用进展

介绍了清洁发展机制（CDM）的基本内容及其在生物质能产业应用的重要意义,提出了生物质能产业开展CDM项目活动的基本条件,对我国农林废弃物发电、垃圾焚烧发电、专业养殖场沼气发电、垃圾填埋气发电以及其它生物质能CDM已有领域及进展进行分析,并对燃料乙醇以及利用非废弃动植物油制备生物柴油等生物质能潜在CDM领域进行展望,为促进CDM在我国生物质能领域的应用提供参考。     

湖南省林木生物质能科研和产业化现状与展望

阐述了湖南省发展林木生物质能的组织管理经验、基础和优势,重点概述和分析了燃料油植物和生物柴油领域的科研和产业化现状.根据湖南省气候和资源特点,提出了湖南省发展生物质能总体规划的设想.总结分析指出,湖南省发展林木生物质能应以生物质原料为基础,重点发展生物柴油为主导产品的生物质液体燃料油(含燃料乙醇)与农林废弃物气化发电和农林废弃物颗粒混煤发电.生物质能资源培育不与人争粮争油,不与粮油作物争地,通过生物技术和常规技术选育出高产、抗旱,耐瘠的专用型能源植物品种.     

生物质能产业现状及发展前景

生物质能的开发利用是发展新型能源的重要选择,是国际可再生能源领域的焦点.本文总结了我国生物质能资源现状及发展潜力,介绍了国外生物质能发展概况并综合评价了我国生物质产业,主要包括沼气产业、生物质液体燃料、生物质发电以及固体成型燃料产业的发展现状,阐述了我国推动生物质能发展的政策环境,展望和预测了我国物质能源的发展前景,并对生物质产业发展提出建议.     

燃料乙醇技术研究现状和发展趋势分析

介绍了近年来国内外燃料乙醇研究开发历程和最新进展,对化学合成燃料乙醇技术、生物发酵制乙醇技术进行了分析对比。对纤维素制燃料乙醇技术存在的困难和问题进行了分析。对影响燃料乙醇产业发展的因素进行了探讨。提出了我国燃料乙醇技术研发和产业发展的相关建议,认为我国应加强非粮燃料乙醇配套技术研发,探索微藻乙醇技术开发,促进非粮燃料乙醇产业发展。     

中国生物燃料乙醇产业发展现状、存在问题及政策建议

燃料乙醇等生物质能源由于其技术的可实现性、资源的可持续性以及环境的友好性已经成为各国替代能源的重要发展方向。本文阐述了燃料乙醇产业发展的历程和现状,指出燃料乙醇产业发展中存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的对策。     

重庆市发展燃料乙醇的现状及对策

分析了国内生物质燃料乙醇发展现状,以及工业合成燃料乙醇的现状,并对比了两种工艺的生产成本,得出国内生物乙醇的生产规模和成本不足以支撑未来燃料乙醇汽油全国范围推广使用的结论,建议国内根据实际情况,同步推进生物乙醇和非生物乙醇。本文重点阐述了重庆发展燃料乙醇的历史和现状,对产业发展面临的问题进行了分析。作为成品油净调入省份,重庆应抓住国家大力推广燃料乙醇的机遇,根据自身特点发展燃料乙醇产业集群。本文从产业定位、集群构建、政策支撑等角度给予了重庆发展燃料乙醇的建议。     

燃料乙醇发展现状及思考

自20世纪70年代以来,生物燃料乙醇作为车用燃料的研究和产业化受到广泛重视,被认为是未来最重要的可再生燃料之一。本文介绍了燃料乙醇的发展概况,综述了近年来国内外研究开发历程、产业政策和最新进展,对化学合成乙醇路线（合成气催化制乙醇、乙酸加氢制乙醇工艺）和生物发酵制乙醇路线（粮食发酵、非粮原料发酵、合成气发酵工艺）的技术特点、纤维素燃料乙醇产业化存在的困难和问题进行了分析,并对影响燃料乙醇产业发展的因素进行了分析,提出了我国燃料乙醇技术研发和产业发展的相关建议,认为我国应加强非粮原料供应体系建设,积极进行技术研发,加强工业示范并优化燃料乙醇使用环节,促进非粮燃料乙醇产业发展。     

纤维素乙醇商业化现状及发展建议

综述了纤维素乙醇的原料预处理、酶解和发酵工艺技术进展;重点介绍了纤维素乙醇商业化现状,并对纤维素乙醇产业化存在的问题进行了分析;针对我国燃料乙醇产业发展提出了建议:我国应构建原料供应体系,突破关键技术,加快综合利用纤维素资源示范,促进纤维素乙醇产业快速发展。     

美国和中国典型生物质能利用现状

生物质能作为可再生能源的重要组成部分,近年来受到了世界各国的重视。从生物质原料、政策、激励手段等方面分析了美国生物质能产业快速发展的原因。同时,从上述生物质能典型利用方式上总结了我国生物质能利用的现状及不足,并对浙江省生物质能可利用量、分布和利用率等情况进行了介绍。     

瑞士科莱恩公司纤维素乙醇技术特点及我国纤维素燃料乙醇发展建议

介绍了科莱恩公司纤维素乙醇技术简介及特点,在对我国燃料乙醇的发展现状与前景、纤维素燃料乙醇的发展现状进行了分析后,从产业政策和产业发展方面提出了四点建议。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。