发泡聚苯乙烯包装材料中六溴环十二烷应用现状研究

建立了气相色谱质谱法测定发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）包装材料中六溴环十二烷(HBCD)含量的方法,研究了EPS包装材料中HBCD的含量。结果表明,23.9 %的样品中有HBCD的检出,其中11.27 %的样品为企业满足材料阻燃要求而故意添加;市场上常见密度EPS包装材料产品中均发现了一定比例的HBCD故意添加或污染;包装材料的用途是决定HBCD添加率的关键影响因素,电子产品包装对阻燃的要求较高,HBCD添加率高达44.4 %,而填充物材料中HBCD的故意添加率为0;基于企业和地方管理部门对于包装材料中HBCD的禁用认识和监管不足,建议加强对EPS包装材料HBCD禁用的宣传和监管力度,并推广使用HBCD的替代品。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料阻燃技术研究进展

综述了聚苯乙烯（PS）泡沫塑料实现阻燃的必要性,介绍了当前国内外PS泡沫塑料阻燃技术的发展状况,详细介绍了卤系阻燃剂（以溴系为主）、磷系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂（以膨胀石墨为主）以及阻燃协效剂的应用现状。针对当前无卤化阻燃PS泡沫塑料的发展趋势,提出了开发高效、低溴、多功能型阻燃剂的建议。     

中国挤塑聚苯乙烯(XPS)泡沫塑料行业现状与发展趋势

综述了我国挤塑聚苯乙烯（XPS）泡沫塑料行业发展的总体状况;阐述了在XPS泡沫行业进行HCFCs发泡剂替换的必要性和紧迫性,并介绍了欧洲、北美、日本等地区的含氢氯氟烃（HCFCs）替换技术;提出了在HCFCs替换过程中我国XPS泡沫行业的未来发展趋势。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料无卤阻燃技术的研究进展

简要介绍了研究无卤阻燃技术对聚氨酯泡沫塑料（PUF）阻燃的必要性和重要性,并对不同类型阻燃剂对PUF的阻燃剂机理做了介绍。较全面地综述了反应型和添加型无卤阻燃剂对PUF阻燃的研究进展。其包括添加型阻燃剂中的有机添加型和无机添加型阻燃剂。另外,在无机膨胀型阻燃剂中,特别介绍无卤可膨胀石墨（EG）对PUF阻燃的研究进展。最后指出功能化的核壳结构无卤复合阻燃剂将是聚氨酯泡沫塑料无卤阻燃技术研究和发展的必然趋势。     

中国挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(XPS)行业HCFCs替代技术现状与发展趋势

综述了我国挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（XPS）行业含氢氯氟烃（HCFCs）替代技术的现状和发展趋势;从原料、设备、发泡剂等几个方面阐述了XPS泡沫行业进行发泡剂HCFCs替换的技术难点,并重点分析了替代产品的性能和市场状况。最后,介绍了几种较为成熟的HCFCs替代技术。     

第二届防火安全研讨会在上海召开

<正>2019年10月24日,由中国建筑节能协会(CABEE)、朗盛和孚达保温共同举办的第二届防火安全研讨会在上海召开,逾100人与会。建筑保温是一种有效而简单的节能方法,有助于保护气候。聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料是最有效的隔热材料之一。这种材料易燃,因此必须添加阻燃剂。聚合型阻燃剂Emerald InnovationTM3000是一种高效、可持续的阻燃解决方案,用于建筑行业中使用的挤塑(XPS)聚苯乙烯隔热材料。传统使用的阻燃剂HBCD (六溴环十二烷)已列入《关于持久性有机污染     

浅谈聚氨酯墙体保温材料合成原理及施工要点

1、聚氨酯保温材料性能 聚氨酯泡沫塑料,是一种具有闭孔结构的低密度微孔泡沫材料,作为外墙保温材料,同膨胀型聚苯乙烯（EPS）、挤塑型聚苯乙烯（XPS）保温材料相比,在保温性能、防水性能、密封性能、抗裂性能、阻燃性能及环保性能等方面都具有明显的优势。     

挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料技术发展动向及市场状况分析

综述了中国、美国、欧盟、日本挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（XPS）行业含氢氯氟烃（HCFCs）的替代技术研究进展,并从XPS泡沫的性能、成型设备、发泡剂体系等方面出发,介绍了近几年我国XPS泡沫行业的技术发展动向。最后,结合我国防火要求和HCFCs替代方向,分析了我国XPS泡沫行业的市场发展状况。     

超临界CO_2发泡阻燃聚苯乙烯研究

采用水滑石(HT)为热稳定剂,以超临界CO_2为发泡剂,研究了六溴环十二烷(HBCD)阻燃聚苯乙烯(PS)的阻燃机理和发泡行为。结果表明,在一定加工条件下,适量的HT可以显著提高HBCD的热稳定性,但是过量的HT会降低PS的阻燃性能;加工工艺尤其是剪切流场的强度及加工温度对HBCD的热稳定性有重要影响;采用超临界CO_2进行发泡成型后的阻燃PS泡沫的极限氧指数可达到30%以上。     

中国挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(XPS)行业HCFCs替代新技术分析

综述了几种我国挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（XPS）行业含氢氯氟烃（HCFCs）的替代新技术，包括CO2技术、碳氢技术及氢氟烃技术。从发泡剂特性、发泡剂注入计量设备及挤出发泡设备等方面阐述了XPS泡沫行业进行发泡剂HCFCs替换的技术特点及难点。最后，指出CO2发泡技术将是XPS行业未来的发展趋势。     

挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(XPS)的主要性能及应用领域分析

详细介绍了挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(XPS)的热导率、压缩强度、长期热阻、防潮性能等主要性能指标。阐述了XPS板材的主要应用领域,包括在建筑外墙外保温、屋面保温、地面保温、冷库保温、公路、铁路、渠道工程等领域的应用。详细分析了提高XPS板材阻燃性能的必要性和紧迫性,并提出了在含氢氯氟烃替换过程中XPS泡沫行业的发展趋势。     

Grafting modification bamboo kraft lignin and its performance in rigid polyurethane foams

In order to improve the efficiency of intumescent flame retardant (IFR), bamboo kraft lignin (BKL) was chemically functionalized by grafting melamine (MEL) and diethyl phosphite (DEP) and used for rigid polyurethane (RPU) foam. The BKL, MEL, and DEP in IFR system were used as char forming agent, gas, and acid source, respectively. The FTIR and XPS results indicated that the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) containing BKL was successfully synthesized. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of N-BKL and N/P-BKL RPU foams were higher than BKL RPU foam, suggesting that N-BKL and N/P-BKL improved flame retardancy of the foams. The total heat release (THR), heat release rate (HRR), effective heat of combustion (EHC), and fire growth rate (FIGRA) values of N-BKL and N/P-BKL RPU foams were much lower than that of BKL RPU foam. The flame retardancy index value of N/P-BKL RPU foams was higher comparing to N-BKL RPU foam. These results indicated that the synergistic interaction between N containing compound of MEL and P containing compound of DEP led to the improvement flame retardant properties. Comparing to BKL RPU foam, the N/P-BKL RPU foam increased 74°C of maximum weight loss temperature and decreased 18.1 wt% of mass loss, indicating enhanced thermal stability. The morphology of char after cone calorimeter testing showed the N/P-BKL RPU foam presented more continuous and compact char residues, which could reduce heat and mass transfer, protecting underlying materials from further combustion in a fire, thus resulting in good flame retardancy and thermal stability properties. This work suggests a promising route to enhancing the flame-retardant performance of RPU foam using nontoxic and more environmentally friendly grafted bamboo lignin.     

A flame‐retardant composite foam: foaming polyurethane in melamine formaldehyde foam skeleton

A composite foam, polyurethane–melamine formaldehyde (PU/MF) foam, was prepared through foaming PU resins in the three‐dimensional netlike skeleton of MF foam. The chemical structure, morphology, cell size and distribution, flame retardancy, thermal properties and mechanical properties of such composite foam were systematically investigated. It was found that the PU/MF foam possessed better fire retardancy than pristine PU foam and achieved self‐extinguishment. Moreover, no melt dripping occurred due to the contribution of the carbonized MF skeleton network. In order to further improve the flame retardancy of the composite foam, a small amount of a phosphorus flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate) and a char‐forming agent (pentaerythritol) were incorporated into the foam, together with the nitrogen‐rich MF, thus constituting an intumescent flame‐retardant (IFR) system. Owing to the IFR system, the flame‐retardant PU/MF foam can generate a large bulk of expanded char acting as an efficient shielding layer to hold back the diffusion of heat and oxygen. As a result, the flame‐retardant PU/MF foam achieved a higher limiting oxygen index of 31.2% and exhibited immediate self‐extinguishment. It exhibited significantly reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release, as well as higher char residual ratio compared to PU foam. Furthermore, the composite foam also showed obviously improved mechanical performance in comparison with PU foam. Overall, the present investigation provided a new approach for fabricating a polymer composite foam with satisfactory flame retardancy and good comprehensive properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Lightweight and flame retardant fluorosilicone rubber composited foam prepared by supercritical nitrogen

Improving the flame retardancy and lightweight of fluorosilicone rubber (FSR) foam is important for its application in aerospace, rail transportation, petrochemical equipment, etc. In this work, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite (EG) were used as synergistic flame retardants, and the lightweight FSR composite foam with flame retardancy was prepared by supercritical N₂ foaming. When there were 12.5 phr APP and 7.5 phr EG, the composite foam with density of 0.254 g/cm³ showed superiority in foaming performance and flame retardancy, and the limit oxygen index was 36.4%, the UL-94 grade reached V-0, the ignition time was 12 s and the fire performance index was 0.071 s·m²/kW. In addition, the aging, oil and solvent resistance of FSR foam was not affected. This work provided data support for the production and application of the flame retardant FSR foam.     

建筑复合板材用阻燃组合聚醚的开发

通过对聚醚多元醇、阻燃剂及催化剂等的选择试验,开发了建筑复合板材用聚氨酯硬泡组合聚醚。它满足了复合板材对短脱模时间、高阻燃性及高泡沫强度的要求。该阻燃组合聚醚的发泡性能及泡沫产品的性能与进口的同类产品相当。     

AHP/碱木质素聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能

对精制后的碱木质素进行羟甲基化改性,再利用改性后的羟甲基化碱木质素部分替代聚醚多元醇,采用一步发泡法与聚合MDI制备了羟甲基化木质素基聚氨酯泡沫材料。将次磷酸铝(AHP)作为阻燃剂添加到泡沫中制备了阻燃碱木质素聚氨酯泡沫,通过极限氧指数(LOI)测试分析了羟甲基化木质素基阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能。利用热重分析(TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别研究制得泡沫的热降解行为、成炭性能和残炭形貌。实验结果表明,当羟甲基化碱木质素替代聚醚多元醇的量为60%,次磷酸铝的添加量为30%时,碱木质素聚氨酯泡沫材料的极限氧指数(LOI)值达到了27.5%。因此,羟甲基化碱木质素和次磷酸铝使泡沫在燃烧时能更好的形成炭层,从而有效地隔绝空气,降低热传递,提高了材料的阻燃性能。     

匀泡剂对阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料燃烧性能的影响

利用氧指数仪测定了全磷阻燃剂（DMMP、DEEP、V6）、卤代磷酸酯阻燃剂（TCEP、TCPP、TDCP）及两类阻燃剂复配对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)氧指数的影响。结果表明,全磷阻燃剂的阻燃效果优于卤代磷酸酯类阻燃剂;磷卤复配阻燃效果优于单一阻燃剂;单独使用DMMP或DMMP与TCEP复配使用阻燃效果最佳,这句话跟上一句不是矛盾吗？氧指数分别为23.0 %和24.5 %。利用锥形量热仪进一步研究了7种不同硅烷匀泡剂对RPUF阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷匀泡剂AK8803在提高RPUF的点燃时间以及降低RPUF燃烧释放热危害方面,优于其他6种匀泡剂;而硅烷匀泡剂L580则在降低RPUF燃烧烟气量方面优于其他6种匀泡剂。     

Preparation and characterization of new flame retardant polyurethane composite and nanocomposite

In this work, a new flame retardant additive [2‐phenyl‐1,3,2 oxazaphospholidine 2‐oxide (POPO)] containing phosphorus and nitrogen is synthesized using phenyl phosphonic dichloride, ethanol amine, and copper (II) chloride, as catalyst. POPO is characterized by ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, and ³¹P‐NMR and used as additive in polyurethane composites. Moreover, two commercial flame retardant additives [tricalcium diphosphate and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)] as well as nanoclay are used to compare flame retardancy of the synthesized additive. Limited oxygen index (LOI) and time burning (flammability test) of polyurethane composites and nanocomposites are evaluated. The results of the LOI test demonstrate that POPO is an excellent flame retardant additive and can be used to improve flame retardancy of polyurethane composites. In addition, increasing the additive content leads to an improvement of the flame retardancy of the samples. The LOI results show, however, that POPO is a good flame retardant, but the high synthesis cost of this flame retardant is a major disadvantage. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that using POPO in polyurethane matrices leads to low thermal stability and high char residue. Moreover, the nanocomposite has better thermal stability than the other samples. Scanning electron microscope micrographs have been used to evaluate the char residue of the samples. These micrographs indicate that POPO is an intumescent flame retardant and HBCD follows a nonintumescent mechanism. Exfoliated/intercalated structures have been shown for nanocomposites by transmission electron microscope. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的研究进展简

本文介绍了聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃必要性及硬质聚氨酯泡沫中常用的阻燃剂,并展望了阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的发展前景.     

Synergistic effect of expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite on flame‐retardant properties of rigid polyurethane foam

A series of flame retarding rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites based on expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) were prepared by the one‐pot method. The properties were characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimeter test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), real‐time Fourier transform‐infrared spectra (RT‐FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. The results indicate that both EG and AHP could enhance the flame retardency of RPUF composites. Besides, the flame retardant effect of EG was better than that of AHP. The results also show that partial substitution of EG with AHP could improve the flame retardency of RPUF, and EG and AHP presented an excellent synergistic effect on flame retardancy. What is more, compared with RPUF/20EG and RPUF/20AHP, the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) of RPUF/15EG/5AHP were lower.TGA results indicate that partial substitution of EG with AHP could improve the char residue which provided better flame retardancy for RPUF composites. The thermal degradation process of RPUF composites and the chemical component of the char residue were investigated by RT‐FT‐IR and XPS. And the results prove that RPUF/15EG/5AHP had higher heat resistance in the later stage. Compared with the RPUF composites filled with EG, a better cell structure and mechanical properties were observed with the substitution of AHP for part of EG. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42842.