单快拍数据的分布式二维阵列测角方法研究

该文针对2维阵列波达方向估计问题,提出一种基于单快拍数据的分布式2维DOA估计算法。该算法首先利用每个子阵单元的单快拍数据进行2维Hankle矩阵构造;然后基于2维状态空间平衡法分别获得方位角和俯仰角子阵单元内DOA估计与子阵单元间DOA估计;最后通过解模糊算法获得方位角和俯仰角高精度无模糊DOA估计。该算法较好地解决了子阵单元内DOA估计和子阵单元间DOA估计之间的配对问题以及俯仰角和方位角之间配对问题,充分利用分布式阵列扩展阵列物理孔径特性;同时该算法可直接对相干信号和非相干信号进行处理。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于互相关抽样分解的分布式非圆信号DOA快速估计

在非相干分布式非圆信号波达方向(DOA)估计中,针对利用信号非圆特性后输出矩阵维数扩展带来的较大运算量问题,该文提出一种基于互相关抽样分解的DOA快速估计算法。该算法仅需要从子阵间的扩展互相关矩阵中抽样出少量行元素和列元素,构成两个低维子矩阵,进而通过低秩近似分解便可快速地同时求出左右奇异矢量,即分别对应两个子阵的信号子空间,避免了计算整个互相关矩阵及其奇异值分解运算;最后利用两个子阵信号子空间的旋转不变性通过最小二乘得到DOA估计。仿真分析表明,当行列抽样数大于信源数的两倍时,所提算法与直接基于互相关矩阵奇异值分解的非相干分布式非圆信号DOA估计算法性能相近,但复杂度得到了大幅度降低;而相比于传统的低复杂度非相干分布源DOA估计算法,所提算法利用信号非圆特性具有更高的估计性能。     

基于互质阵列的相干与非相干目标DOA估计算法

提出基于互质阵列的相干与非相干混合目标空间达波方向(DOA)估计算法。首先,基于差协同阵等效的概念,将互质阵列相关矩阵的元素重排形成增广相关矩阵;然后采用矩阵重构对增广相关矩阵进行解相关处理;最后,对解相关的增广相关矩阵进行多重信号分类(MUSIC)空间谱搜索,实现对目标的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,该算法可实现对数目多于互质阵列物理阵元的相干与非相干混合目标的DOA估计。对比矩阵重构、前向空间平滑和前后向空间平滑3种解相关算法,矩阵重构解相关获得了更大的可分辨目标数目,在低信噪比(SNR)下呈现出更佳的估计误差性能,而空间平滑解相关在低快拍情况下具备更优的估计误差性能。     

单快拍数据的分布式阵列DOA估计

该文针对分布式阵列相干信号单次快拍波达方向估计问题,提出一种基于状态空间平衡法的1维波达角估计算法。该算法首先直接利用单快拍数据以分布式阵列每个子阵单元进行Hankle矩阵构造,然后采用状态空间平衡法,分别获得低精度无模糊的子阵单元内DOA估计和高精度有模糊的子阵单元间DOA估计,最后结合配对和解模糊算法获得高精度无模糊DOA估计。该算法不受信号形式限制,可同时对相干信号和非相干信号进行处理,能充分利用分布式阵列扩展阵列物理孔径特性,获得较高的DOA估计精度。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

互相关矩阵重排获取信号子空间的二维DOA估计算法

本文提出一种L型阵列的二维子空间DOA估计算法,该算法通过重排阵列接收数据的互相关矩阵获取信号子空间,然后根据信号子空间生成一个二维谱函数,最后通过二维搜索估计信号的来波方向。由于该算法采用二维谱峰搜索,所以不需要对俯仰角和方位角进行配对。与二维MUSIC算法相比,该算法的估计精度略有下降,但该算法不需要对矩阵做特征值分解,计算量降低且易于实现。文中给出了该算法的推导过程和具体实现步骤,并进行了实验仿真,仿真结果说明了算法的有效性。      

基于电磁矢量阵列孔径扩展方法的相干目标DOA估计

该文采用均匀且稀疏分布的电磁矢量矩形阵列,针对相干目标提出了一种有效的2维波达角(DOA)估计算法,该算法通过增加相邻阵元的间隔来扩展阵列的有效孔径,从而提高算法的DOA估计性能。论文首先结合极化平滑算法和传播算子方法得到存在相位周期性模糊的方向余弦估计。为了解决模糊性问题,论文通过协方差矩阵平滑提出一种新的解相干预处理算法,由该算法得到的信号子空间包含矢量阵元的导向矢量,且不存在相位模糊,利用此特点实现去模糊处理,得到目标的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,与基于ESPRIT的孔径扩展算法相比,提出的算法能够实现相干目标的DOA估计,同时无需特征值或奇异值分解,有更低的运算量。     

单快拍虚拟阵列Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计

针对相干信源的DOA估计,提出一种基于单快拍虚拟阵列Toeplitz矩阵(SSVT)重构的解相干算法。该方法利用阵元接收的单快拍数据构造出双向虚拟子阵,并对虚拟子阵的协方差矩阵的平均值进行Toeplitz矩阵重构,实现对相干信源的DOA估计。该方法无需进行多次快拍,在不损失阵列孔径和工作阵元的基础上实现相干信源的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,该算法降低了运算量,在低信噪比的情况下也能分辨M-1个相干信源。     

未知信源数量DOA估计方法

针对传统阵列天线来波方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计算法需要准确获取信源数量的问题,提出了一种未知信源数量类多重信号分类（Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC）DOA估计方法。首先根据阵列天线的多个快拍数据估计输入信号自相关矩阵;其次对信号自相关矩阵进行特征值分解,并使用重构相关矩阵的方式实现信号分量的抑制;最后结合传统MUSIC谱估计算法实现未知信源数量条件下的DOA估计。仿真实验表明,所提算法的复杂度较低,且DOA估计误差性能接近传统MUSIC算法。     

基于L型和差嵌套阵的二维波达方向估计

针对传统L型均匀阵列二维波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计中可估计信源数目受限于阵元数、分辨率低等问题,提出了一种新的L型和差嵌套阵列结构。该L型阵列的两个子阵布置相同,是非均匀的稀疏阵,通过阵元位置之间的差分、求和操作达到虚拟扩展阵元数目的效果,从而提升阵列的自由度。采用该阵列进行二维DOA估计时,两个子阵分别先进行一维的DOA估计,再采用PSCM（Pair-matching Signal Covariance Matrices）算法进行一维角度配对。每个子阵进行一维波达方向估计时,先采用VCAM（Vectorized Conjugate Augmented MUSIC）算法生成非均匀稀疏阵的求和求差协方差矩阵,再采用矩阵重构的方法恢复协方差矩阵的秩,最后对协方差矩阵采用MUSIC（Multiple Signal Classification）算法进行DOA估计。实验仿真表明,本阵列有着更高的自由度和估计精度。      

基于有限新息率的正交偶极子阵列信号参数估计算法

为解决极化敏感阵列波达方向(DOA)估计中压缩感知类算法的网格失配问题,该文提出一种基于有限新息率(FRI)的正交偶极子阵列无网格信号参数估计算法。首先,利用均匀正交偶极子线阵中不同极化指向天线的两个子阵,求取其自相关矩阵之和,并通过协方差拟合准则恢复出满足Toeplitz结构的协方差矩阵。然后,利用该协方差矩阵构建FRI信号重构模型,求解以重构结果为系数的多项式的零点,就可以得到入射信号DOA参数的估计结果。最后,根据已估计出的DOA参数以及两个子阵的自相关矩阵和互相关矩阵,利用最小二乘法计算得到入射信号的极化参数估计结果。仿真实验表明,该算法与子空间类和压缩感知类算法相比,具有更高的估计精度及更好的角度分辨力。     

修正的MUSIC算法在相干信源DOA估计中的应用

引用了两种修正相关矩阵最大似然(ML)估计的方法对MUSIC算法进行优化,对相干信源的波达方向(DOA)进行估计。前向空间平滑算法要求阵列的平移不变性,将阵列划分为若干相互交叠的子阵;前向-后向空间平滑要求阵列的旋转不变性,应用了相关矩阵的倒置矩阵。两种方法均可以修正阵列接收信号的相关矩阵的最大似然估计,使之满足MUSIC算法的前提条件。计算机仿真证明两种算法改善了传统的MUSIC算法对相干信源进行DOA估计的性能,前向-后向空间平滑算法作出了比较准确地估计。     

一种均匀圆阵子阵干扰抑制DOA估计算法

常规空间谱估计算法在强干扰背景下往往无法正确估计弱信号的来波方向。针对此问题,本文提出了一种均匀圆阵子阵干扰抑制波达方向估计算法。将整个阵列划分为若干个子阵,利用提出的最小二乘波束形成算法分别对子阵波束加权以抗干扰,加权后的子阵可以看作是一个‘有向阵元’,将它们组成一个新的虚拟阵列,再进行超分辨谱估计。该方法通过子阵波束形成抑制强干扰,子阵输出中消除了强干扰分量,因此能够实现弱信号波达方向的正确估计,同时弱信号到达角估计的成功概率也得到了提高。最后计算机仿真实验验证了本文算法的有效性和正确性。      

虚拟子阵平滑算法

主动阵列发射正交信号可以极大地扩展阵列的虚拟孔径,阵列的自由度成几何增长。该文利用主动阵列发射同频带时域正交PCM信号构造的虚拟子阵,提出了一种虚拟子阵平滑(VSS)算法,可解决不同目标回波信号相干的问题。该算法避免了接收阵列物理孔径的损失,当接收阵列具有个阵元时,最大可分辨的相干数目为。仿真实验表明VSS算法的有效性,而且该算法只需要较少的阵元发射信号。     

虚拟空间平滑算法

根据MASK、BPSK和AM等信号的实值特性,利用阵列接收数据及其共轭信息,构造了虚拟子阵,提出了虚拟空间平滑算法,较好地解决了信号高度相关问题.虚拟子阵具有M个阵元,避免了阵列孔径的损失,使该算法最大可分辨的相干信号数目为M-1.仿真实验证明,与前后空间平滑算法相比,该算法提高了空间分辨率,适应小样本,在一定程度上可以降低了计算量.     

Two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation in the presence of uncorrelated and coherent signals

In this paper, a novel two-dimensional direction of arrival (2-D DOA) estimation method is proposed based on a new array configuration when uncorrelated and coherent signals coexist. The DOAs of uncorrelated signals are estimated using the non-zero eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the DOA matrix (DOAM) combined with our proposed criterion. Meanwhile, we can form a new matrix without the information of uncorrelated signals. Then the coherent signals are resolved with the redefined DOAM that is constructed by the smoothed matrices of the new matrix. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. Other arrays that contain multiple identical central-symmetric subarrays (e.g. uniform rectangular arrays) can also be applied with our method.     

Full Azimuth Direction-of-Arrival Estimation With Successive-Selection Technique

A method for full-azimuth direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation of multiple signals with a hexagonal array is proposed. The DoA estimation is performed in two steps. In the first, a set of estimate candidates is constructed by gathering the estimates that are obtained from applying the low-computational-cost Unitary-ESPRIT algorithm to several translational invariances designed into a hexagonal array. In the second step, the DoA estimates are successively selected from the estimate candidate set by using a selection function. The proposed method removes the north-or-south signal membership ambiguity and the limitation on the number of estimable sources, problems common to any ESPRIT-based algorithm used with one translational invariance. Therefore, up to $M-1$ signal DoA estimations can be expected with an $M$- element hexagonal array in the full azimuth. The successive-selection approach is based on a selection function that uses an estimate of the signal's spatial correlation matrix to successively select the DoA estimates. For each DoA estimate selection, the already estimated signal components are removed from the correlation matrix. Such an approach is shown to actually allow the selection of suitable estimates from among a set of estimate candidates. Finally, the method's DoA estimation and resolution capabilities are demonstrated by computer simulation and comparison with the CramÉr–Rao bound.      

Computationally efficient subspace-based method for direction-of-arrival estimation without eigendecomposition

A computationally simple direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method with good statistical performance is attractive in many practical applications of array processing. In this paper, we propose a new computationally efficient subspace-based method without eigendecomposition (SUMWE) for the coherent narrowband signals impinging on a uniform linear array (ULA) by exploiting the array geometry and its shift invariance property. The coherency of incident signals is decorrelated through subarray averaging, and the space is obtained through a linear operation of a matrix formed from the cross-correlations between some sensor data, where the effect of additive noise is eliminated. Consequently, the DOAs can be estimated without performing eigendecomposition, and there is no need to evaluate all correlations of the array data. Furthermore, the SUMWE is also suitable for the case of partly coherent or incoherent signals, and it can be extended to the spatially correlated noise by choosing appropriate subarrays. The statistical analysis of the SUMWE is studied, and the asymptotic mean-squared-error (MSE) expression of the estimation error is derived. The performance of the SUMWE is demonstrated, and the theoretical analysis is substantiated through numerical examples. It is shown that the SUMWE is superior in resolving closely spaced coherent signals with a small number of snapshots and at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and offers good estimation performance for both uncorrelated and correlated incident signals.     

基于四阶循环累积量的DOA估计方法

提出了一种新的波达方向估计算法,该算法构造了一个“谱相关DOA矩阵”,并基于此矩阵进行DOA估计。理论分析表明,通过谱相关矩阵的特征值分解,就可以得到源信号的DOA,该方法不需要进行谱峰搜索,同时利用循环平稳特性,可以有效抑制平稳噪声和滤除与信号循环频率不同的干扰信号,从而大大提高了算法的检测能力。另外还给出了相干信号DOA解决方法。     

Unfolded coprime L-shaped arrays for two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation

Generally, a coprime L-shaped array (CLsA) is composed of two uniform L-shaped subarrays with larger spacing among inter-element to accomplish the improved direction of arrival (DOA) estimation performance. In this paper, the two subarrays are unfolded to extend the array aperture and the performance of the unfolded CLsA (UCLsA) for two-dimensional (2D) DOA estimation is investigated. In addition, an all array multiple signals classification (AA-MUSIC) algorithm is proposed for the UCLsA. By stacking the received signals of the two subarrays, the ambiguity problem can be avoided on the basis of the coprime property. Simultaneously, due to the combination of the cross-correlation and auto-correlation, the proposed AA-MUSIC algorithm can achieve the full degrees of freedom (DOFs) and obtain more accurate DOA estimates, nevertheless, the expensive total spectral search is entailed. Consequently, a reduced complexity MUSIC (RC-MUSIC) algorithm is proposed to relieve the computational burden. The Cramer-Rao Bounds (CRBs) are utilised as a theoretical benchmark for the lower bound of unbiased estimate. Furthermore, numerical simulations verify the effectiveness and superiority of the AA-MUSIC algorithm and RC-MUSIC method for the UCLsA.     

一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计算法

提出一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信号源DOA估计算法。首先对各个阵元的接收数据与参考阵元（第一个阵元）的接收数据的相关函数进行排列,形成Hermitian Toeplitz矩阵,然后通过奇异值分解可以得到信号子空间和噪声子空间,从而实现相干信源的DOA估计。该算法在不减少阵列有效孔径的情况下,增加了可估计相干信号源数目,并在低信噪比条件下能够得到较好的估计性能,计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。