Manufacturing perspective of enterprise application integration: the state of the art review

Manufacturing enterprise today has become a matter of effective and efficient application of information technology and knowledge-based engineering. Several new manufacturing paradigms such as virtual enterprise (or extended enterprise) and mass customization have resulted in a highly distributed and autonomous manufacturing system. On the one hand, this will increase the competitiveness of a firm in terms of quickly meeting dynamic changes in the market; on the other hand, this will also increase the difficulty of integrating different information and knowledge systems residing in each member firm. This integration is also called enterprise application integration (EAI) (here the term application means information systems or software systems for supporting manufacturing or service activities). The methodology for EAI has been studied for at least a decade; but no satisfactory solution has been found from a practical viewpoint. EAI is becoming even more difficult due to the boom in various enterprise information and knowledge systems (and also to ever increasing competition in the technical software market). The study presented in this paper conducted a critical analysis of existing solutions to EAI. We consider EAI as having two generic issues: semantic integration and syntactic integration. The main problem of semantic integration reduces to the general problem of enterprise or business modelling. The main problem of syntactic integration reduces to the general problem of software architecture of enterprise applications which enables interoperability between any two EAs. While the first issue is studied in the manufacturing field, the second issue is studied in the computing engineering field. In this paper, both issues are put together under the context of EAI and studied. The result of the study, together with our experience with one Canadian manufacturing firm, has led to the identification of several issues to be addressed in the future. We also outline possible ways to approach these issues.     

Addressing Challenges of Transferring Explicit Knowledge,Information, and Data in Large Heterogeneous Organizations: A Case Example from a Data-Rich Integration Project at the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command

Abstract:

We contribute reflective case studies on development and implementation of common data engineering architectures addressing the engineering and technology management challenge of integrating heterogeneous information systems. In data-rich integration projects, the role of data as a critical resource requires applying managed data engineering addressing the aligned information exchange between systems in support of business/operational processes in organizations and the enterprise. The recommended data engineering architecture comprises standards, methods, and tools that contribute part-solution for process modeling, data resources documentation, metadata modeling, and data modeling. We show how alignment by engineering and project managers ensures efficient and effective solutions.     

工程演化与产业结构优化

工程是人类有组织、有计划、有目的地利用各种资源和基本经济要素构建和制造人工实在的活动,是直接生产力。工程是在特定的自然和社会条件下,相关技术群和诸多基本经济要素组合-集成在一起的动态系统。其中,技术集成系统体现着相关、但又功能不同的异质技术群（不同的技术模块）,通过动态有序的集成过程所形成的特定结构及其动态运行的方式;而且这一特定的技术集成系统必须要与特定的自然、社会条件下诸多基本经济要素的合理配置（如资源、土地、资本、劳动力、市场、环境等）互相协同作用,通过设计、构建和运行,形成工程系统,并产生特定的、预期的功能和价值。工程与科学、技术、产业有着密切的联系,但又有所不同。对经济及其结构而言,工程是微观单元,产业是中观层次单元,而由不同产业构成的产业结构则处于宏观层次。工程是不断演化的,工程演化推动着产业的发展和产业结构的调整,甚至出现产业革命。     

Persistent Integration and Innovation Management Mode and Its Applications in Petroleum Production Engineering

This paper proposes a new management mode named the persistent integration and innovation management mode to satisfy the requirements by the fast development at oilfields. Taking engineering philosophy as the guidance and technical innovations in petroleum production engineering as the breaking point, the management mode combines long term production practice at oilfields with modern management methods. The management mode integrates intellectuals, techniques, capital, and information and so on to accomplish global optimization of resource configuration. Sets of new techniques, new methods, new technologies and new equipment in petroleum production engineering have been proposed under the guidance of the management mode, achieving great social and economic benefits.     

基于流程的面向对象企业建模体系结构研究

重点讨论了针对企业信息集成的模型体系结构的相关问题。首先讨论了针对企业信息集成建模的限制因素，以及由此产生建立企业动态模型体系结构的要求。其次讨论了面向对象方法在企业建模领域应用的问题。最后，在对若干流行的体系结构(特别是ARIS)分析的基础上，建立了基于流程的面向对象企业模型体系结构，给出了该体系的模型框架、各主要视图、视图间关系和建模的实施步骤。     

Domain framework for implementation of open IoT ecosystems

The current Internet-of-things (IoT) hype, pushed by the unprecedented rate of the technological enablers’ innovation, is threatening to leave behind some major, not so obvious, unresolved issues. IoT platforms will extend existing enterprise information systems (EIS) infrastructures to encompass cross-domain sensing and actuating capabilities, thus introducing additional complexity and major risks to the implementation. Furthermore, IoT platforms are typically driven by models of the trivial complexity; they support very simple data structures and almost no business logic implementation. Finally, IoT systems are today managed centrally, which often means less openness, less flexibility and greater change management costs. In this article, we provide the overview of the scientific disciplines which could contribute to the resolution of the IoT implementation problem, namely requirements engineering, change management/continuous improvement, model-based systems engineering, system architecture design, interoperability and policy and regulatory aspects. Then, we identify the challenges of these contributions in the context of IoT and finally make an attempt to identify research directions which could have a significant impact. The discussion of the challenges and opportunities is illustrated by the proposed domain framework for implementation of open IoT ecosystems.     

工业工程在现代企业管理中的作用

针对当前国有企业存在的突出问题，阐述了工业工程在现代企业管理中的重要作用，旨在宣传，推广工业工程等先进的科学技术，思想和方法，为实现国有企业三年改革和脱困目标服务。     

An epistemological approach to human systems integration

Can we contribute to developing a consistent terminology and, to some extent, an acceptable ontology in the rapidly expanding field of human systems integration (HSI)? We often define HSI as a process and a product at the confluence of several areas, such as systems engineering, human factors and ergonomics, information technology, and specific sectors, such as aerospace, health, and energy. It is a broader transdisciplinary field in our increasingly complex human-machine world that focuses on integrating technology, organizations, and people within a complex sociotechnical system throughout its life cycle. Therefore, HSI is no longer a question of usability and user interface design once a complex machine is technologically developed, but also about considering people and organizations early on in the design and development processes. Indeed, rooted in industrial engineering research and operational worlds, HSI requires a deeper foundation based on an epistemological approach. This assertion is even more crucial today as technology has become predominantly digital, and, more specifically, the concept of the digital twin is emphasized because it has become essential to support model-based HSI. In other words, software-based assistant systems are replacing traditional tools. Therefore, appropriate social-cognitive (multi-agent) models and methods are helpful throughout the life cycle of contemporary sociotechnical designs to account for the complexity and tangibility of their human-centered context-sensitive architectures, combining procedural and declarative knowledge. By considering these reasons, this article provides a set of fundamental axioms, some theoretical abstractions, and valuable practical models, which are presented and illustrated through the lens of an evolutionary HSI ontology.     

基于供应链的信息系统设计

对企业管理信息系统集成的体系结构可以考虑从纵向和横向两个方面进行研究。按纵向的观点,将系统工程与软件工程结合到三链（决策链,支撑链,主链）中,并使其贯穿于系统珙发设计过程的始终;按横向的观点,使建立在三链上的信息集成通过计算机协同工作,人工智能,数据库等技术得以实现。     

Supervisory control and data acquisition for virtual enterprise

The new manufacturing paradigms, such as agile manufacture and lean production, are leading industrial countries towards the new generation of concurrent enterprises involving virtual enterprise architecture and concurrent engineering extended methodology. Continuing adaptation to the market can only be achieved efficiently if the planning and control processes are both optimized horizontally (Automatic Control Systems) and vertically (Management Control Systems). The desired improvement in performance and the realization of global enterprise objectives require a tight integration of the units of the enterprise. The close monitoring of the operational performance of various plants, manufacturing shop-floors/cells/machines, as well as their associated instrumentation and control is of increasing strategic importance. Failures can lead to increased costs and reduced product quality, consistency and production, and to plant shutdowns and increased environmental impact. There is a real need for advanced monitoring technologies to be applied, and their potential demonstrated, on complex industrial plants. The planning and scheduling of manufacturing systems integrated into virtual enterprise architectures requires the implementation of new General Master Production Planning and Scheduling techniques and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) functions. This paper discusses some key issues on the SCADA-oriented open system for virtual enterprise architecture.     

应用基础工业工程理论改善手工装配线布置方式

认识到基础工业工程理论对提高设备密集和人员密集型企业管理水平的重要性。结合手工装配线的布置实例,详细阐述了如何巧妙集成工作研究、设施布置和物流规划领域的实用方法改善企业的装配线布置。改善前后的定性和定量对比分析说明了基础工业工程的理论和方法对提高企业生产效率和系统的灵活性以及对市场的适应能力等方面的显著作用。     

基于Web的工业工程的虚拟化实验设计

针对工业工程实验环境的现状，提出了基于Web的工业工程虚拟化实验的总体方案，建立了工业工程实验室虚拟化实验设计的体系结构、功能模型和信息模型，并开发了基于WEB的IE实验平台。     

21世纪成组技术的发展方向初探

成组技术的发展已经走过半个多世纪,在新世纪中,成组技术如何发展是迫切需要讨论的问题.本文从企业环境的变化、生产模式的变化、系统工程的角度、行业应用、制造企业实现目标、制造业信息化发展方向等角度讨论了成组技术的发展方向,从企业需求出发,从国家发展战略出发,从学科发展方向讨论了成组技术的发展方向.讨论了成组技术与其它学科的关系、成组技术发展中存在的问题.最后提出了关于发展成组技术的几点设想.     

技术总体组织在工程中的地位与作用

随着工程对象系统规模的扩大和复杂程度的提高，在工程技术组织中涌现出了一类崭新的组织--工程技术总体组织。文章概述了它们产生的历史意义，讨论了它们的体系结构、地位与作用、工作对象与工作内容，论述了它们的工作应依据的理论基础以及必须掌握和使用的主要工作方法和工作手段，分析了它们的组成人员的结构和它们与工程技术专业组织之间的正常关系。     

Engineering management for high-end equipment intelligent manufacturing

The high-end equipment intelligent manufacturing (HEIM) industry is of strategic importance to national and economic security. Engineering management (EM) for HEIM is a complex, innovative process that integrates natural science, technology, management science, social science, and the human spirit. New-generation information technology (IT), including the internet, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, have made a remarkable influence on HEIM and its engineering management activities, such as product system construction, product life cycle management, manufacturing resources organization, manufacturing model innovation, and reconstruction of the enterprise ecosystem. Engineering management for HEIM is a key topic at the frontier of international academic research. This study systematically reviews the current research on issues pertaining to engineering management for HEIM under the new-generation IT environment. These issues include cross-lifecycle management, network collaboration management, task integration management of innovative development, operation optimization of smart factories, quality and reliability management, information management, and intelligent decision making. The challenges presented by these issues and potential research opportunities are also summarized and discussed.     

基于Simio仿真的断路器生产线优化

以温州某电气企业断路器生产线为研究对象,利用工业工程的基础分析方法与Simio仿真,对生产线进行分析与改善.结果显示,工业工程技术与方法的应用,使生产线平衡率从68.04%提高到87.0%,生产节拍从49.40s减少到36.97s,极大地提高了生产线的生产效率,可减少浪费,增加人均产能,提高交货准期率和客户满意率,更好地适应市场需求.     

Web的协同商务信息系统解决方案

为实现协同商务链中企业内部或企业之间的信息共享和数据集成,提出了利用Web services构建协同商务信息平台系统.在讨论Web Services的体系架构和基本特征的基础上,从盟主企业、成员企业以及客户三角色详细描述了作为服务请求者、服务提供者以及服务消费者在协同商务信息系统体系架构中的主要功能.结合汽车行业,构建了基于Web Services的协同商务信息系统,描述了协同商务系统的信息功能,实现共享与优化配置企业内部以及企业之间信息与资源.     

基于实务项目制的工业设计工程教育CDIO模式探索

在现有的工业设计教育体系下展开CDIO工程教育模式,从而使工业设计专业训练与社会对设计师的能力需求相匹配,培养具有技术与艺术交叉背景的人才．在设计专业综合型课程中开展设计实务项目的设计全流程,串联多元化训练目标的教学内容,从而实施CDIO要素的培养方式．以石膏砌块大型生产设备的造型设计项目为案例,探讨在产品开发设计课程中实施项目制的CDIO工程教育的具体方法,找到适合于工业设计工程教育实践的教学方式．     

A unified product structure management for enterprise business process integration throughout the product lifecycle

Information availability is a key factor for business success and competitive advantage. While created by design engineers, product structure is accessed and referenced by other users involved in product lifecycle from various departments. However, there is a lack of efficient ways of managing product structure information for enterprise business process integration. This study proposes a unified product structure management model to fill in this gap. With this proposed model, the product structure is managed in a unified way and can be accessed by different people with various disciplines in the right formats throughout the entire product lifecycle, including business processes of quotation, sales order processing, design, planning, scheduling, production, and delivery. This research is part of the enterprise business information management system project whose purpose is to streamline the information management for key business processes to integrate multi-disciplines in an enterprise for product development. A prototype system has been implemented to verify the model developed by taking real cases in a mould-manufacturing company. The results show the potential for substantial improvements in industrial competitive advantage.     

供应链管理中的信息集成

供应链管理是“横向一体化”管理思想的典型代表。在分析供应链和供应链管理出现的背景的基础上，讨论了信息技术在集成化供应链管理中的应用，并提出了基于Internet/Intranet的供应链管理信息系统的技术支撑体系。