太阳能热化学能量贮存与转化研究

分析了以氨为工质对闭式循环工况下太阳能量收集、贮存、恢复转化过程,建立了闭式太阳能热化学反应热力循环过程二维均质催化反应传热传质数学模型,并对模型计算中相关参数的选择进行了分析说明.太阳能可逆化学反应能量贮存与转化过程可有效地结合到太阳能热力发电及空调制冷之中,解决太阳能量传输受气候间隙性的影响.     

吸收式制冷压缩CO2储能系统性能分析

提出了一种结合了吸收式制冷循环的压缩CO₂储能系统,该系统采用分流的方式,将一部分CO₂引流至二级压缩机,将压缩产生的热量提供给吸收式制冷循环,使其启动工作并提供冷量给主路CO₂,同时使用高压罐储存液态CO₂,从而提高系统的储能效率。此外,对该系统进行了热力学分析和多目标优化。结果表明：在设计工况下,吸收器、一级压缩机、透平和级后换热器的■损较大;本系统的储能效率随着冷凝压力、压缩机等熵效率和透平等熵效率的增加而提高,而储能压力的增大会使系统的储能效率降低;系统的最佳储能效率为68.70%,能量密度为0.153 kW·h/m³。     

CaO/CaCO3储能系统材料设计研究进展

为了解决CaO/CaCO₃化学储能系统中材料循环稳定性差、导热系数低、吸光性差的问题,从钙基原料的选择、复合材料中元素的掺杂、运行条件的调整等方面探讨了改善钙基材料性能的方法。结果表明：Al、Mn、Ti等元素的添加可以在材料内形成惰性氧化物,抑制烧结,提高材料的循环稳定性;掺杂具有较高导热系数的材料如Al₂O₃、MgO、SiO₂、ZnO,可以增强材料的导热性能;掺杂Mn、Cu、Fe、Co、Cr等元素能够提高材料的光谱吸收率。相关总结可以为热化学储能材料的设计提供参考。     

Feasibility of long‐distance transport of thermal energy using solid sorption processes

This paper deals with the challenging transportation of thermal energy over long distances (over 10 km). The innovative concept presented in this paper is based on the transportation of a reactive fluid coupled with two sorption systems involving this fluid in two endothermal and exothermal processes respectively on source site and user site. The transport of this fluid at ambient temperature minimizes the thermal losses and it is therefore relevant for long distances. Moreover, an original concept involving a cascade of two sorption cycles can allow a heat upgrading on the user site using a distant source. This paper focuses on the feasibility of such systems. The potentialities have been detailed according to the reactive pairs, such as the well‐known hydrates and ammonia solid/gas reactants, and taking into account thermodynamic and technological constraints. The cold production and transport can be carried out by numerous ammonia‐based pairs. Nevertheless, such reactive pairs can perform a heat upgrading, but only if an additional heat source is available on the user site. The transportation of the reactive fluid between source and user sites has been investigated and it is not a limiting point. As it is transported at ambient temperature, the thermal losses are very weak. On the other hand, the pressure losses can be overcome with either an acceptable energetic cost or by slightly changing the operating conditions. Compared to current district heating networks based on sensible heat transportation, such thermochemical systems involving the transportation of a reactive fluid seem more efficient when the user is located more than 10 km away from the source site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

化学蓄热材料的开发与应用研究进展

作为化学能与热能相互转换的核心技术,化学反应蓄热是21世纪最为重要的储能技术之一。与传统的潜热储能方式相比较而言,化学反应蓄热的能量储存密度有着数量级的提升,其在工作温度范围以及材料稳定性上的优势显著。本文针对金属氢氧化物、金属氢化物、金属碳酸盐、结晶水合物、金属盐氨合物等几种当前主要的化学蓄热材料,重点阐述了各自的应用机制和工作条件,分析了各种材料的研究现状和亟需解决的科学及应用问题,指出复合以及掺杂型材料的优化制备是化学蓄热技术未来发展的主要方向。     

High pressure ammonia dissociation experiments for solar energy transport and storage

Work relating to the application of the ammonia dissociation reaction to the thermochemical transport and storage of solar energy is reported. A two-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous packed-bed catalytic reactor model has been adapted to predict the behaviour of ammonia dissociation and synthesis reactors. A series of steady-state experiments, with a high-pressure ammonia dissociator operated in an ‘open-loop’ experimental configuration, have been used to verify the model. These experiments involved operating pressures up to 16 MPa and temperatures up to 720°C. The results indicated an activation energy of 192 kJ mol⁻¹ and a pre-exponential factor of 3.0 × 10⁷mol s⁻¹ cm⁻³ atm⁻¹ for the nickel-on-alumina dissociation catalyst used. The experiments also indicated that the experimental configuration is suitable for development into a ‘closed-loop’ energy storage experiment operating at a power level of approximately 1kW_chem.     

新型太阳能制氢系统的分析与研究进展

本文对太阳能分解水制氢系统进行了理论和应用方面的分析,重点介绍了光解水的光热电化学分析。对近几年利用太阳能光解水制氢的进展进行了概述,并指出了它们目前存在的缺点。介绍了通过光热化学循环进行太阳能分解水制氢的新途径,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Energetic analysis, application field and performance of a new thermochemical sorption cycle: The multisalt system

The study of a process using multisalt reactors is integrated into the research of new thermodynamic cycles with the aim of improving the performance of solid/gas thermochemical transformers. The interest of implementing several reactive salts within the same reactor lies in the increase of the thermal potential, brought about by the multisalt reactor in its synthesis phase. This enables an important energy gain which is necessary for regeneration. The performance in terms of COP is therefore directly linked to the increase in thermal potential. This increase will depend both on the system's working conditions and on the quality of the heat transfer in the reactor/exchanger.     

储能技术发展概况研究

我国能源建设面临的主要问题有人均能源储备量少,能源开发利用设备和技术落后,环境污染严重等。因此,研究价值高、应用前景广阔的储能技术,已受到科技界和企业界的密切关注,成为国际能源界研究的热点之一。储能方式主要有物理储能、化学储能、电磁储能和相变储能四大类型,其中物理储能包括抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、飞轮储能及高温熔岩等;化学储能包括铅酸、锂离子、钠硫和液流等电池储能;电磁储能包括超级电容储能、超导储能和超级电池;相变储能包括蓄热和蓄冷储能等。对储能技术进行分类介绍,对其工作原理、技术现状、发展前景及优缺点进行了讨论,为进一步研究储能技术提供参考。     

Experimental study of two phase separation in the Bunsen section of the sulfur–iodine thermochemical cycle

The Bunsen reaction for the production of hydriodic and sulfuric acids from water, iodine and sulfur dioxide, has been studied with the evaluation of the effect of some operative parameters on product phase behavior. Results show that operative temperature has a minor effect on the phase behavior. In contrast, both iodine and water loads can be adjusted to enhance the downstream operations of the sulfur–iodine thermochemical water-splitting cycle: the effect of iodine and water excess on resulting phases purity, side reaction occurrence and acid concentration was studied and, then, the most favorable operative conditions defined.     

大规模储能系统发展现状及示范应用综述简

介绍了储能技术分类及其在电力系统的作用,比较全面地阐述了机械储能、化学储能、电磁储能和相变储能分别在电力系统中的应用研究现状和目前的主要示范应用,论述了储能技术未来发展趋势。     

Advances in thermal energy storage development at the German Aerospace Center(DLR)

万方数据知识服务平台-中外学术论文、中外标准、中外专利、科技成果、政策法规等科技文献的在线服务平台。