PLA/PBAT/二(噁)唑啉共混物的性能

以2,2-(1,3-亚苯基)-二(噁)唑啉(BOZ)为增容剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)/BOZ共混物,研究该增容剂对共混体系的力学性能、微观形态、结晶性能的影响.结果表明:少量的增容剂能提高PLA和PBAT的界面粘合力,改善PLA/PBAT共混体系的力学性能.在不同的PBAT含量下,PLA/PBAT/BOZ的力学性能均高于PLA/PBAT.由TEM可以看出,BOZ的加入使PBAT的分散相尺寸明显减小,分散更均匀.DSC结果表明:BOZ的加入使共混物中PLA的结晶速率和结晶度下降.     

反应性增容制备高性能PLA/PA11共混物

由于聚乳酸(PLA)与尼龙11(PA11)的相容性较差,因此,利用熔融接枝法制备了PLA与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)的接枝物PLA-g-GMA,并充当共混物的增容剂。在共混的过程中,利用增容剂原位反应性,增容PLA与PA11的共混体系。对共混物进行力学性能测试,结果表明,在没有添加增容剂的条件下,共混物的力学性能较差;随着接枝物的加入,共混物的力学性能显著提高。在PLA/PA11(80/20)组分中,当增容剂的含量达到20%时,共混物的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度均达到了最大值分别为281. 14%、53. 16 MPa,且材料抗冲击性能也有一定的改善,与纯PLA相比,增加了132%。     

PBAT及增容剂含量对PLA/PBAT共混物结构和性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、扫描电子显微镜和差示扫描量热法分析,研究了聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)用量对聚乳酸(PLA)/PBAT共混物拉伸性能、微观结构和热性能的影响。结果表明:PBAT能显著改善PLA韧性,增韧效果与PBAT相尺寸及两相间相互作用有关。当m(PLA)∶m(PBAT)=80∶20时,PLA/PBAT共混物的断裂拉伸应变提高约8倍。自制接枝共聚物增容剂能显著改善PLA与PBAT的相容性,提高两相间的相互作用。接枝共聚物增容剂最佳用量为6phr时,共混物断裂拉伸应变提高1倍多。     

PLA/PBAT/二唑啉共混物的性能

以2,2-(1,3-亚苯基)-二唑啉(BOZ)为增容剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)/BOZ共混物,研究该增容剂对共混体系的力学性能、微观形态、结晶性能的影响。结果表明:少量的增容剂能提高PLA和PBAT的界面粘合力,改善PLA/PBAT共混体系的力学性能。在不同的PBAT含量下,PLA/PBAT/BOZ的力学性能均高于PLA/PBAT。由TEM可以看出,BOZ的加入使PBAT的分散相尺寸明显减小,分散更均匀。DSC结果表明:BOZ的加入使共混物中PLA的结晶速率和结晶度下降。     

增容剂改性PLA/PBAT共混物的制备及性能研究

研究了增容剂聚己内酯(PCL)和聚乙二醇(PEG)对聚乳酸(PLA)/己二酸丁二醇酯和对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯共聚物(PBAT)共混物的力学性能、热性能和断面微观形态的影响。结果表明,加入适量的增容剂可以增强两相界面的黏结力,提高共混物的力学性能;共混物的结晶峰值温度(Tc)降低,说明PLA与PBAT的相容性得到改善;共混物断面的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表明,两相之间呈现良好的相容性。     

PLA/PBAT共混体系的反应性增容

将高强度、高模量的聚乳酸(PLA)与高韧性的聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯(PBAT)共混制备复合材料时,界面相容性较差,综合力学性能不高。采用马来酸酐(MAH)、2,2′-(1,3-亚苯基)二噁唑啉(BOZ)作为增容剂,通过反应性增容提高PLA/PBAT体系的相容性,探讨了MAH和BOZ的最佳用量。并通过力学性能测试、傅里叶红外光谱、差示扫描量热法、熔体质量流动速率测定,印证和对比MAH、BOZ对PLA/PBAT体系的增容效果。结果表明,MAH和BOZ与PLA/PBAT发生了化学反应,增加了PLA与PBAT之间的相互作用,提高了复合材料的综合力学性能,与PLA/PBAT相比,增容改性后复合材料拉伸、冲击强度、断裂伸长率最高分别提高了13.72%、139.67%、122.12%。增容改性使分子间相互作用增强,结晶度和熔点最多分别降低了10.87%和2.8℃。改性后熔体的流动性降低了,熔体质量流动速率最多降低了4.58 g/10min。综合比较,BOZ的增容效果优于MAH。     

原位反应制备超韧PLA/PBAT共混物

以4,4'-亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)(MDI)为增容剂,通过熔融共混制备了不同MDI含量的聚乳酸(PLA)/聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二酯(PBAT)/MDI共混物。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、流变仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)及万能材料试验机,研究了MDI含量对PLA/PBAT/MDI共混物结构、相形态、流变性能、结晶行为、热稳定性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:MDI的异氰酸酯官能团能与PLA和PBAT的端羟基反应,生成氨基甲酸酯并形成交联结构,有效改善了PLA与PBAT相的界面相容性。随着MDI含量的增加,PLA/PBAT/MDI共混物的结晶能力和热稳定性降低,交联程度增加,冲击强度逐渐增大,断裂伸长率呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当MDI含量为1.25%时,冲击强度达到最大值28.02 kJ/m~2,是普通PLA/PBAT共混体系(8.39 kJ/m~2)的3.34倍;当MDI含量为0.50%时,断裂伸长率达到最大值33.82%,是普通PLA/PBAT共混体系(11.82%)的2.86倍。     

MMA-co-GMA增容PBAT/PLA共混材料结构与性能

利用甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯无规共聚物(MG)为相容剂,采用熔融共混法制备了聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)和聚乳酸(PLA)生物降解共混材料。MG中的环氧官能团与PBAT和PLA中的端基之间的增容反应生成PBAT-co-MG-co-PLA大分子相容剂提高二者之间的相容性。MG的加入导致PLA相的最大分解速率温度明显向高温方向移动,耐热性提高,而PBAT相最大分解速率温度几乎没有变化。MG的增容作用促进了PBAT相的均匀分散、较小的粒子尺寸和窄的分布。动态流变测试结果表明,PBAT/PLA/MG共混材料比PBAT/PLA共混物具有更高的复数黏度和储能模量,增容反应增加了界面相互作用和熔体强度。同PBAT/PLA共混材料相比,MG的增容作导致PBAT/PLA/MG共混物表现出更高的冲击韧性、断裂伸长率和拉伸强度。     

聚己内酯对聚乳酸/PBAT共混物增容作用的研究

研究了聚己内酯(PCL)作为增容剂对聚乳酸(PLA)与聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)的共混物力学性能、热性能、动态力学性能和相容性的影响。结果表明,加入PCL可以改善PLA与PBAT的相容性,提高共混物的冲击强度、拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量;在PCL含量为2份时共混物两相之间具有良好的相容性。     

聚乳酸/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯合共混体系发泡行为研究

采用多环氧基团增容剂制备了聚乳酸/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PLA/PBAT)共混物,研究了增容剂含量对于PLA/PBAT共混体系的结晶和流变性能的影响。并采用高压釜发泡的方法进行PLA/PBAT共混物的间歇发泡,研究增容剂对发泡材料泡体结构的影响。结果表明,增容剂加入后会降低其绝对结晶度,以及显著改善PLA/PBAT共混体系的熔体弹性,提高其可发性;增容剂可以有效地改善共混体系的泡体结构,降低共混物发泡密度,提高其发泡倍率。     

Synergistic reinforcing of poly(lactic acid) by poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and alumina nanoparticles

Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends and PLA/PBAT/Al₂O₃ nanocomposites were fabricated via solution blending. The influence of PBAT and Al₂O₃ content on the thermal stability, flexural properties, impact strength, and morphology of both the PLA/PBAT blends and the PLA/PBAT/Al₂O₃ nanocomposites were investigated. The impact strength of the PLA/PBAT/Al₂O₃ nanocomposites containing 5 wt% PBAT increased from 4.3 to 5.2 kJ/m² when the Al₂O₃ content increased from 0 to 1 wt%. This represents a 62% increase compared to the impact strength of pristine PLA and a 20% increase compared to the impact strength of PLA/PBAT blends containing 5 wt% PBAT. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that the Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in the PLA/PBAT/Al₂O₃ nanocomposites function as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial interaction between the PBAT and the PLA matrix.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯-有机硅-苯乙烯对PLA/PBAT共混物相形态和应力松弛行为的影响

通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚乳酸/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯有机硅苯乙烯(PLA/PBAT/S-2001)共混物,采用扫描电子显微镜、旋转流变仪和电子万能试验机等表征手段研究了不同含量S-2001对共混体系微观结构、流变行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,S-2001能够降低共混体系中分散相颗粒尺寸,改善界面黏结力,提高体系的储能模量、损耗模量和复数黏度,增强马拉哥尼应力松弛;当S-2001添加量为9份（质量份,下同）时,材料的缺口冲击强度从5.8 kJ/m2上升至40.4 kJ/m2,提高了596.6 %;S-2001具有增韧增容双重效果。     

增容剂DT对PLA/PBAT共混物性能的影响

以不饱和酯类化合物(DT)为增容剂,通过双螺杆挤出机反应性挤出制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)共混物。采用扫描电子显微镜、旋转流变仪、偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪和万能试验机讨论DT对共混物相容性、结晶性能、热失重以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,适量的DT增加了两相之间界面黏结,有效改善了PLA和PBAT之间相容性;当DT添加量为0.3 %（质量分数,下同）时,断裂伸长率增加了46.3 %,冲击强度显著增加,冲击试样未完全断裂。     

PBAT/PLA薄膜的制备及性能研究

将聚乳酸（PLA）和聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯（PBAT）共混制备成共混材料,探讨了不同PLA含量对材料性能的影响。结果表明,PBAT/PLA共混材料中,随着PLA含量的增加,拉伸强度先降低后升高,当PLA含量为90 %时,拉伸强度达到60.12 MPa,而其断裂伸长率从703 %降低至8 %,由韧性材料逐渐转变为脆性材料;PLA含量为30 %时,性能变化出现拐点;PLA含量为50 %时出现明显相分离,且PLA的加入可以加速PBAT材料的结晶,使结晶温度由38 ℃提高至82 ℃;PBAT/PLA共混材料在PLA含量低于70 %时,都可以实现较好的吹膜过程,且薄膜材料的拉伸强度为39.59 MPa,断裂伸长率不低于137 %。     

Mechanical properties and morphological changes of poly(lactic acid)/polycarbonate/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blend through reactive processing

The mechanical properties and morphological changes of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycarbonate (PC), and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) polymer blends were investigated. Several types of blend samples were prepared by reactive processing (RP) with a twin‐screw extruder using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a radical initiator. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) of binary polymer blends of PC/PBAT indicated that each component was miscible over a wide range of PC/PBAT mixing ratios. DMA of PLA/PBAT/PC ternary blends revealed that PBAT is miscible with PC even in the case of ternary blend system and the miscibility of PLA and PBAT can also be modified through RP. As a result, the tensile strain and impact strength of the ternary blends was increased considerably through RP, especially for PLA/PBAT/PC = 42/18/40 (wt/wt/wt) with DCP (0.3 phr). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the PLA/PBAT/PC blends revealed many small spherical island phases with a domain size of approximately 0.05–1 μm for RP, whereas it was approximately 10 μm without RP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

异氰酸酯对聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯共混物性能的影响

以4,4^′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）为反应增容剂，采用熔融共混法制备了不同MDI含量的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯（PLA/TPU）共混物，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、万能试验机、冲击试验机、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和旋转流变仪对共混物力学性能、微观形态、热性能和流变性能进行了研究。结果表明：MDI可以有效改善共混物的力学性能，当MDI质量分数为1%时，共混物力学性能最佳，缺口冲击强度为40.0kJ/m²，断裂伸长率为214.1%，与未加MDI的共混物相比，分别增加了4.3倍和5.8倍，拉伸强度稍有下降（47.6MPa）；SEM表明，MDI的加入提高了共混物的相容性，加入MDI后，共混物的断面由海-岛结构变为核-壳包覆结构，相界面作用力增强；DSC测试表明，共混物的玻璃化转变温度、冷结晶温度和熔融温度随着MDI含量的增加而升高；流变测试表明，MDI质量分数的增加，共混物呈现更显著的剪切变稀行为，推测共混反应机理为：MDI质量分数的增加，体系内依次发生PLA的扩链、支化和TPU的交联。     

Compatibilization effects in thermoplastic protein/polyester blends

Novatein thermoplastic protein was extrusion blended with poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) in the presence of dual compatibilizers to produce blends with greater energy absorbing properties than pure Novatein. Compatibilizer pairs were Joncryl ADR‐4368 (glycidyl methacrylate‐functionalized) with 2‐methylimidazole (2MI), and poly‐2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline (PEOX) with polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate (pMDI). Uncompatibilized Novatein/PBAT blends had decreased tensile mechanical properties, attributed to phase separation, and poor interfacial adhesion. PBAT became finely dispersed in both compatibilized systems, but PEOX/pMDI blends showed embrittlement and large Novatein domains, which acted as stress concentrations. Tensile strength and elongation at break for Joncryl/2MI blends did not decrease compared with Novatein, even at 10 wt % PBAT, and impact strength increased threefold. Dynamic mechanical analysis and solvent extraction showed that PBAT coalesced in all systems, at compositions as low as 2 wt %. It was concluded that using Joncryl/2MI as a dual compatibilizer system can successfully produce a morphology that enhances energy absorption during fracture. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45808.     

Formulation and characterization of compatibilized poly(lactic acid)‐based blends and their nanocomposites with silver‐loaded kaolinite

Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites have been developed in this study as materials for use in the packaging of moisture‐sensitive products. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was the main component of the nanocomposites with poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) as flexibility enhancer. Tetrabutyl titanate was also added as a compatibilizer to enhance the interfacial affinity between PLA and PBAT by inducing the formation of some PLA/PBAT via transesterification during the melt blending process, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the blends. Silver‐loaded kaolinite synthesized via chemical reduction was also incorporated into the compatibilized blends for further property improvement. Herein, we report a novel biodegradable quaternary nanocomposite system with intercalated‐exfoliated clay dispersion that was uniquely achieved by increasing the interlamellar space between kaolinite layers through silver nanoparticle insertion. The resultant nanocomposites containing as little as 4 phr modified clay reduced the elongation at break from 213.0 ± 5.85% to 53.8 ± 1.81%, enhanced thermal stability (initial decomposition temperature increased from 378 °C to 399 °C) and exhibited a water vapor permeability reduction of 41.85%. On the basis of these properties, the developed nanocomposites are considered to be promising candidates for use in bio‐packaging applications to replace non‐biodegradable and petro‐based plastics. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry