A distributed multiple dimensional QoS constrained resource scheduling optimization policy in computational grid

This paper is to solve efficient QoS based resource scheduling in computational grid. It defines a set of QoS dimensions with utility function for each dimensions, uses a market model for distributed optimization to maximize the global utility. The user specifies its requirement by a utility function. A utility function can be specified for each QoS dimension. In the grid, grid task agent acted as consumer pay for the grid resource and resource providers get profits from task agents. The task agent' utility can then be defined as a weighted sum of single-dimensional QoS utility function. QoS based grid resource scheduling optimization is decomposed to two subproblems: joint optimization of resource user and resource provider in grid market. An iterative multiple QoS scheduling algorithm that is used to perform optimal multiple QoS based resource scheduling. The grid users propose payment for the resource providers, while the resource providers set a price for each resource. The experiments show that optimal QoS based resource scheduling involves less overhead and leads to more efficient resource allocation than no optimal resource allocation.     

Utility-based QoS optimisation strategy for multi-criteria scheduling on the grid

The paper presents quality of service (QoS) optimisation strategy for multi-criteria scheduling on the grid, based on a mathematical QoS model and a distributed iterative algorithm. Three QoS criteria are considered, namely payment, deadline and reliability, which are formulated as utility function. The optimisation problem is split into two parts: task optimisation performed on behalf of the user and resource optimisation performed on behalf of the grid. The strategy employs three types of agents: task agents responsible for task optimisation, computation resource and network resource agents responsible for resource optimisation. The agents apply economic models for optimisation purposes. Dynamic programming is used to optimise the total system utility function in terms of an iterative algorithm. The objective of multi-criteria scheduling is to maximise the global utility of the system. This paper proposes an iterative scheduling algorithm that is used to perform QoS optimisation-based multi-criteria scheduling. The proposed QoS optimisation-based multi-criteria scheduling problem solution has been practically examined by simulation experiments.     

QoS guided Min-Min heuristic for grid task scheduling

Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing.With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing,new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security,quality of service,and lack of central control within distributed administrative domains.A Grid task scheduling framework must be able to deal with these issues.One of the goals of Grid task scheduling is to achivev high system throughput while matching applications with the available computing resources.This matching of resources in a non-deterministically shared heterogeneous environment leads to concerns over Quality of Service (QoS).In this paper a novel QoS guided task scheduling algorithm for Grid computing is introduced.The proposed novel algorithm is based on a general adaptive scheduling heuristics that includes QoS guidance.The algorithm is evaluated within a simulated Grid environment.The experimental results show that the nwe QoS guided Min-Min heuristic can lead to significant performance gain for a variety of applications.The approach is compared with others based on the quality of the prediction formulated by inaccurate information.     

QoS based resource scheduling by computational economy in computational grid

In this paper, we consider multiple QoS based grid resource scheduling. Each of grid task agent's diverse requirements is modeled as a quality of service (QoS) dimension, associated with each QoS dimension is a utility function that defines the benefit that is perceived by a user with respect to QoS choices in that dimension. The objective of multiple QoS based grid resource scheduling is to maximize the global utility of the scheduling system.     

基于网格的任务调度与资源分配有效机制的研究

为实现QoS路由技术,提高网格的服务质量,本文定义了网格服务中任务调度的通信开销,给出了QoS路由树的生成原则,提出网格堆排序算法和QoS路由选择算法,利用算法实现了网格的任务调度与分配机制的设计.实验证明本设计能提高网格资源管理的效率.     

基于缓冲和预选的网格资源调度优化

资源发现是影响调度效率的关键,针对网格资源发现中复杂的查询过程,通过资源代理,将用户任务发生过调度的资源在本地进行缓存,构成黑白资源名单。同时,在网格资源代理空闲时,按照最近调度的QoS参数为参考值,进行资源的预选择,存放在本地记录,由此构成了本地记录优先的资源发现。针对该方法,设计了支撑该方法的优化代理体系结构,讨论了记录管理问题,给出了优化资源调度过程的算法。实验表明,该方法缩短了任务的平均调度时间,从而缩短了任务平均完成时间,提高了吞吐量,达到了优化的目的。     

网格环境下基于QoS需求的关联任务调度算法*

首先描述QoS调度问题,建立QoS需求模型;然后通过分析任务的依赖性,提出时间花费、资源价格和可靠性三种QoS参数的映射机制;最后针对网格环境的新特征,提出一种以优化用户效用为目标,基于QoS的关联任务调度算法(QBDTS_UO).仿真实验结果表明,该算法能以较小的时间花费为代价,有效满足用户的QoS需求,并能大大提高网格资源的使用率.     

网格QoS控制的效用模型及优化

基于经济模型研究网格QoS控制的资源分配问题,给出多QoS属性多任务的资源分配优化的效用模型,通过定义任务的多QoS属性效用模型来描述动态需求和偏好,计算需要提供QoS的资源分配。用多属性优化方法,求解优化多QoS属性效用函数。     

Bi-level fuzzy based advanced reservation of Cloud workflow applications on distributed Grid resources

The increasing demand on execution of large-scale Cloud workflow applications which need a robust and elastic computing infrastructure usually lead to the use of high-performance Grid computing clusters. As the owners of Cloud applications expect to fulfill the requested Quality of Services (QoS) by the Grid environment, an adaptive scheduling mechanism is needed which enables to distribute a large number of related tasks with different computational and communication demands on multi-cluster Grid computing environments. Addressing the problem of scheduling large-scale Cloud workflow applications onto multi-cluster Grid environment regarding the QoS constraints declared by application’s owner is the main contribution of this paper. Heterogeneity of resource types (service type) is one of the most important issues which significantly affect workflow scheduling in Grid environment. On the other hand, a Cloud application workflow is usually consisting of different tasks with the need for different resource types to complete which we call it heterogeneity in workflow. The main idea which forms the soul of all the algorithms and techniques introduced in this paper is to match the heterogeneity in Cloud application’s workflow to the heterogeneity in Grid clusters. To obtain this objective a new bi-level advanced reservation strategy is introduced, which is based upon the idea of first performing global scheduling and then conducting local scheduling. Global-scheduling is responsible to dynamically partition the received DAG into multiple sub-workflows that is realized by two collaborating algorithms: (1) The Critical Path Extraction algorithm (CPE) which proposes a new dynamic task overall critically value strategy based on DAG’s specification and requested resource type QoS status to determine the criticality of each task; and (2) The DAG Partitioning algorithm (DAGP) which introduces a novel dynamic score-based approach to extract sub-workflows based on critical paths by using a new Fuzzy Qualitative Value Calculation System to evaluate the environment. Local-scheduling is responsible for scheduling tasks on suitable resources by utilizing a new Multi-Criteria Advance Reservation algorithm (MCAR) which simultaneously meets high reliability and QoS expectations for scheduling distributed Cloud-base applications. We used the simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism in comparison with four well-known approaches. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other approaches in different QoS related terms.     

Fault tolerant and prioritized scheduling in OGSA‐based mobile Grids

Grids and mobile Grids can form the basis and the enabling technology for pervasive and utility computing due to their ability to being open, highly heterogeneous and scalable. In this paper we present a scheme for advancing quality of service (QoS) attributes, such as fault tolerance and prioritized scheduling, in OGSA‐based mobile Grids. The fault tolerance is achieved by producing and managing sufficient replicas of tasks submitted for execution on the mobile Grid resources. We design a simple and efficient prioritization scheme, which allows the scheduling of the tasks submitted by the Grid users as distinguished priorities that can be managed and exploited as a QoS parameter by the Grid infrastructure operator. The results that are presented show the efficiency of the proposed scheme in being simple and additionally enriching with reliability and QoS features the applications that are built on the concept of mobile Grids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Resource scheduling with conflicting objectives in grid environments: Model and evaluation

The paper is to consider resource scheduling with conflicting objectives in the grid environment. The objectives of the grid users, the grid resources and the grid system clash with each other. Grid users want to access enough system resources to achieve the desired level of quality of service (QoS). Resource providers pay more attention to the performance of their resources. Our resource scheduling employs market strategies to determine which jobs are executed at what time on which resources and at what prices. A grid resource provider uses its utility function to maximize its profit and a grid user uses its utility function to complete tasks while minimizing its spending. The paper proposes grid system objective optimization scheduling that provides a joint optimization of objectives for both the resource provider and grid user, which combines the benefits of both resource provider objective optimization and user objective optimization. Experiments are designed to study the performances of three resource-scheduling optimization algorithms. Performance metrics are classified into efficiency metrics, utility metrics and time metrics.     

基于效用的超宽带系统带宽分配

把超宽带系统的带宽优化调度表示为一个效用最大化的问题。对于系统的带宽分配,效用函数是服务质量的有效度量,它反映了用户对所分配的资源的满意程度。针对超宽带无线网络带宽分配中链路和用户的集中式算法的复杂性,用分布式方案解决这种问题,以自适应变化的无线网络环境。对系统带宽进行基于效用的分配,满足超宽带系统高速率传输的需要。     

一种基于预测的资源匹配算法

网格任务调度过程中的资源匹配是根据任务要求从网格资源信息服务（GRIS）中查找出合适资源的过程。GRIS中记录的往往是资源的静态信息，由于本地负载的动态变化使得基于资源静态信息来确定的候选资源集中一些资源并不能满足任务的QoS需求。基于相关资源动态信息预测资源未来状态，给出了网格任务平均完成时间及完成时间的分布函数，并根据任务QoS需求，兼顾考虑资源当前及未来状态，提出了一种资源匹配模型与匹配算法。通过实验表明，该算法能有效减少候选资源数目，从而降低调度时间复杂度。     

Utility-based scheduling for grid computing under constraints of energy budget and deadline

With recent advances in computing and communication technologies enabling mobile devices more powerful, the scope of Grid computing has been broadened to include mobile and pervasive devices. Energy has become a critical resource in such devices. So, battery energy limitation is the main challenge towards enabling persistent mobile grid computing. In this paper, we address the problem of energy constrained scheduling scheme for the grid environment. There is a limited energy budget for grid applications. The paper investigates both energy minimization for mobile devices and grid utility optimization problem. We formalize energy aware scheduling using nonlinear optimization theory under constraints of energy budget and deadline. The paper also proposes distributed pricing based algorithm that is used to tradeoff energy and deadline to achieve a system wide optimization based on the preference of the grid user. The simulations reveal that the proposed energy constrained scheduling algorithms can obtain better performance than the previous approach that considers both energy consumption and deadline.     

基于李雅普诺夫优化的容器云队列在线任务和资源调度设计

为在保证任务服务质量（QoS）的条件下提高容器云资源利用率，提出一种基于李雅普诺夫的容器云队列任务和资源调度优化策略。首先，在云计算服务排队模型的基础上，通过李雅普诺夫函数分析任务队列长度的变化；然后，在任务QoS的约束下，构建资源功耗的最小化目标函数；最后，利用李雅普诺夫优化方法求解最小资源功耗目标函数，获得在线的任务和容器资源的优化调度策略，实现对任务和资源调度进行整体优化，从而保证任务的QoS并提高资源利用率。CloudSim仿真结果表明，所提的任务和资源调度策略在保证任务QoS的条件下能获得高的资源利用率，实现容器云在线任务和资源优化调度，并且为基于排队模型的云计算任务和资源整体优化提供必要的参考。     

网格计算中基于信任机制的层次任务调度模型

提出了一种分布式层次任务调度模型,该模型将任务调度分两层进行,并且将信任机制引入其中以提高网格的服务质量及运行效率。提出了适应该模型的调度算法,算法同时考虑了网格实体间的信任关系、预测执行时间、QoS需求和价格因素,并动态调整它们在交易中所占的比重,从而较好地适应不同用户的需求。分析和仿真表明,该调度模型增强了网格环境的安全性和适用性,提高了执行效率,并降低了交易失败率。     

面向可靠性一费用优化的网格任务调度模型及算法研究

网格资源的异构性、动态性等特征使得网格任务调度仍面临着诸多问题。针对传统可靠性评佑模型仅考虑 资源失效的问题,在考虑本地任务会抢占网格任务执行资源的情况下,引入任务执行延期失效,从而建立了一种新的 网格资源可靠性评估模型。该模型使用随机服务系统理论建模网格资源的动态负载压力,给出了任务在资源上的执 行可靠性的计算方法及证明。基于建立的网格资源可靠性模型,建立了面向可靠性和费用的多目标任务优化调度模 型,以获得最大化任务执行可靠性、最小化任务执行费用的任务调度策略。针对该NP问题,采用化学反应优化算法 对该优化问题进行求解,并给出了算法4种操作的具体实施方法。仿真实验表明,所提出的可靠性评估模型更符合真 实的网格系统,与遗传算法、粒子群算法相比,化学反应优化算法能更好地解决可靠性一费用双目标优化的网格任务调 度问题。     

Multi-level scheduling for global optimization in grid computing

The paper presents a multi-level scheduling algorithm for global optimization in grid computing. This algorithm provides a global optimization through a cross-layer optimization realized by decomposing the optimization problem in different sub-problems each of them corresponding to one among the grid layers such as application layer, collective layer and fabric layer. The QoS of an abstraction level is a utility function that assigns at every level a different value and that depends on the kind of task that is executed on the grid. The global QoS is given by processing of the utility function values of the three different levels, using the Lagrangian method. Multi-level QoS scheduling algorithm is evaluated in terms of system efficiency and their economic efficiency, respectively. Economic efficiency includes user utility, service provider’s revenue and grid global utility. System efficiency includes execution success ratio and resource allocation ratio.     

Online algorithms for advance resource reservations

We consider the problem of providing QoS guarantees to Grid users through advance reservation of resources. Advance reservation mechanisms provide the ability to allocate resources to users based on agreed-upon QoS requirements and increase the predictability of a Grid system, yet incorporating such mechanisms into current Grid environments has proven to be a challenging task due to the resulting resource fragmentation. We use concepts from computational geometry to present a framework for tackling the resource fragmentation, and for formulating a suite of scheduling strategies. We also develop efficient implementations of the scheduling algorithms that scale to large Grids. We conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation study using simulation, and we present numerical results to demonstrate that our strategies perform well across several metrics that reflect both user- and system-specific goals. Our main contribution is a timely, practical, and efficient solution to the problem of scheduling resources in emerging on-demand computing environments.     

基于QoS的网格资源管理

资源管理是网格计算研究领域中的一项重要研究点,目前的研究工作大多致力于解决异构性问题,对于在交付无缝QoS(quality of service)前提下提高资源分配性能方面还缺乏深入的研究.而且,目前对网格QoS的研究集中于将多媒体网络QoS的相关成果融入网格体系架构中以提供对网格QoS的支持,而缺少对网格QoS的特性进行系统化的研究与归纳.为此,提出了网格QoS的层次结构模型,并对其中承上启下的虚拟组织层QoS参数进行了新的分类和测量;然后,利用SNAP(service negotiation and acquisition protocol)协议对基于网格QoS层次结构模型的网格QoS参数的映射转换过程进行了分析;最后,设计了网格资源管理仿真系统,并运用相关的网格QoS的研究改进了现有的Min-Min算法.仿真实验结果表明,基于QoS的网格资源管理可以在满足用户QoS需求下,有效地提高网格资源的利用率和服务请求的成功率.