用钛基锑-锡氧化物涂层电极研究橙黄G的电化学降解第一部分——电极的制备及电化学性能

采用刷涂热分解法制备了Ti/Sb–SnO2电极,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电化学测量技术(包括线性扫描伏安曲线、循环伏安曲线和计时电位曲线)对所制备电极的微观形貌、元素组成、物相组成和电化学性能进行了分析。结果表明:Ti基体表面为蜂窝状结构,而Ti/Sb–SnO2电极表面形成了SnO2晶胞,电极表面活性层的催化性能明显提高。     

Ni-W-P/ZrO2复合电极的制备及其催化析氢性能

在电沉积Ni-W-P合金的工艺基础上,通过加入ZrO2微粒,制备了Ni-W-P/ZrO2复合电极.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对电极的表面形貌进行了表征,利用稳态极化曲线、电流密度-时间(i-t)曲线等电化学测试方法研究了电极的催化析氢性能,考察了镀层中ZrO2复合量对电极析氢性能的影响.     

湿化学法制备多通道ZrO_2超滤膜

采用孔径为200 nm的多通道ZrO2膜为底膜,利用湿化学法制备小孔径ZrO2超滤膜。结合N2吸附-脱附法和X线衍射分析,考察烧结温度对膜结构的影响,确定合适的烧结温度。通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征膜形貌,采用错流过滤考察膜的渗透和分离性能。结果表明:烧结温度为600℃时可以制备完整无缺陷的ZrO2超滤膜,所制备的超滤膜具有高纯水通量,截留相对分子质量(MWCO)为20 000,对相对分子质量为43 000卵清蛋白的截留率达到95%。     

阳极支撑三层一体化结构电池的制备及性能

采用流延工艺制备了NiO-8％Y2O3/ZrO2(YSZ)阳极支撑三层一体化结构单电池,在此基础上采用浸渍工艺在多孔YSZ基体上低温制备了高活性阴极La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF).研究发现:降低电极制备温度可以得到微观形貌可控、分布均匀的纳米电极,并且避免了电极与基体间的反应:通过控制浸渍次数,制备了不同LSCF含量的电池;随着浸渍量的增加,电极的极化电阻显著下降;在800℃时,LSCF质量分数为45％的电池的功率密度高达1090 mW/cm2,同时电池稳定运行90h,表现出了很好的稳定性.     

Pt修饰的Pd/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及对乙二醇氧化反应的电催化活性

以氧化石墨(GO)和Pd(NO₃)₂为原料,通过化学还原法制备Pd纳米粒子-石墨烯(Pd/G)纳米复合材料,然后以H₂PtCl₆作为Pt前体,在Pd纳米粒子的表面恒电位沉积Pt,制备不同Pt负载量的Pd/G(Pt-Pd/G)电极.利用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDX)对材料的微观结构进行了表征和分析.结果显示石墨烯上的金属粒子分散均匀,平均粒径约7.2nm.电化学测试结果显示Pt-Pd/G电极对乙二醇电化学氧化反应具有良好的催化性能.当纳米粒子的Pt:Pd原子百分比为1:42时,其反应峰电流密度分别为Pd/G和Pt/G电极的3.0倍和2.7倍.少量的Pt沉淀可显著改进Pd/G电极的催化活性.本研究采用的修饰方法简单,修饰效果明显,可应用于其他金属纳米复合材料的异金属修饰.     

烧结次数对铱钴涂层金属氧化物电极性能的影响

采用传统的热分解法在不同的烧结次数制度下制备Ti/Ir-Co涂层电极,通过扫描电镜(SEM),能量分析光谱仪(EDX)和X射线衍射(XRD),循环伏安(CV)、动电位极化等测量方法考察了不同电极的表面形貌及其电化学性能。结果表明:采用先烘干三次后再烧结,重复一次后再进行烘干-烧结的工艺制备出的电极电极性能优异,且可以节约电极制备时间。     

乙烷质子交换膜燃料电池的研究

研究了以乙烷作为燃料、全氟磺酸高分子膜(Nafion膜)作为质子交换膜、Pt或Pt-Ru作为电极催化剂主要组分、并通过掺杂Nafion膜作为电极内的离子导体构成的燃料电池电化学性能.研究了两种电极催化剂:Pt与Pt-Ru复合催化剂的制备及构成的单电池在不同温度及运行时间下的电化学性能.温度增加,电池性能变好;运行时间增加,电池性能下降,在相同的温度与运行时间下,Pt-Ru复合催化剂构成的电池比Pt催化剂构成的电池极化小.通过分析电极反应产物,探讨了乙烷电极及电池的反应机理.结构为C2H6,( Pt-Ru+膜材料复合阳极)/Nafion膜/(Pt+膜材料复合阴极),O2 的质子交换膜燃料电池,在150℃时,电池的最大输出电流和功率密度分别高达70 mA·cm-2和22 mW·cm-2.     

纸基PANI@Pt电极的制备及催化H_2O_2电还原行为研究

通过在滤纸表面依次负载石墨层、聚苯胺(PANI)层和铂(Pt)纳米颗粒,制备了滤纸/石墨-聚苯胺@铂(F/GPANI@Pt)电极。利用SEM、TEM、XRD和FT-IR等手段对所制备电极表面形貌、结构组成进行表征。并用CV和CA等电化学方法研究了所制备电极在H_2SO_4介质中对H_2O_2电还原的催化行为。结果表明,F/G-PANI@Pt电极在酸性环境中具有良好的稳定性,对H_2O_2的电还原具有优越的电催化活性。其优良的电化学活性归因于特殊的三维(3D)结构以及PANI和Pt之间的协同作用。     

烧结温度对漂珠/ZrO2多孔轻质材料性能的影响

以漂珠为成孔材料,以ZrO2为结合剂,采用凝胶注模的方法制备出多孔轻质材料。通过分析材料的微观形貌、物相组成、显气孔率、体积密度、抗弯强度等性能参数,研究了烧结温度1200℃~1500℃对材料性能的影响。结果得出,烧结温度达到1400℃时,漂珠外壳与氧化锆的界面结合不再明显,ZrO2颗粒由点接触扩展到面接触;烧结温度1400℃的试样中锆英石的峰最强,说明漂珠和氧化锆已烧结熔融;1400℃下制备试样的显气孔率最大(68%),体积收缩率(20.8%)最低,而抗弯强度可达7.5MPa;烧结温度控制在1400℃,可使材料处于烧结中期,保证材料的各项性能满足其应用需求。     

镍-钨/二氧化锆纳米复合电极析氢性能的研究

在含有20g/L硫酸镍、45 g/L钨酸钠、50 g/L配位剂和10g/L二氧化锆(粒径约20 rim)的溶液(pH=6)中,电沉积制备了Ni-w/ZrO,纳米复合电极.通过电化学方法研究了该纳米复合电极在质量分数为30%的NaOH溶液中的催化析氢性能,并与Ni-W合金电极进行了对比.利用扫描电镜观察了电极的表面形貌.结果表明,Ni-W/ZrO2纳米复合电极的催化析氢活性及稳定性均优于Ni-W合金电极.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。