三乙醇胺硬脂酸酯甜菜碱柔软剂的合成及性能研究

以硬脂酸、三乙醇胺、氯乙酸为原料，在一定条件下合成了三乙醇胺脂肪酸酯甜菜碱.探讨了合成的最佳工艺条件，并对其性能进行了测试，结果表明：该柔软剂的柔软性接近氨基硅油，白度和润湿性均好于氨基硅油，该产品易生物降解，属环保型产品.     

微波催化合成三乙醇胺双硬脂酸酯季铵盐

以硬脂酸和三乙醇胺为原料,微波催化下合成了三乙醇胺硬脂酸酯,利用正交试验优化了酯化的反应条件,考察了酯化反应时间、微波功率、n(硬脂酸)∶n(三乙醇胺)等因素对酯化率的影响.采用色谱柱对酯化产品进行分离,洗脱液为甲醇和氯仿[V(甲醇)∶V(氯仿)=1∶4],三乙醇胺单硬脂酸酯、三乙醇胺双硬脂酸酯和三乙醇胺三硬脂酸酯的含量分别为30.3%、65.1%、4.6%.以硫酸二乙酯为季铵化试剂,与三乙醇胺双硬脂酸酯合成了季铵盐,并对产品的相关性能进行了测定.     

硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯的合成优化

在硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯的合成中,控制其单、双、三酯季铵盐的含量是影响产品作为柔软剂性能的关键.通过单因素分析、正交实验极差分析,阐述了反应物的投料比、反应温度、催化剂用量等因素对反应时间和单、双、三酯含量的影响,确定了酯胺化反应的优化工艺条件,即温度190℃,投料比M(硬脂酸):M(三乙醇胺)=1.8:1.0.催化剂用量为0.1%.     

硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯季铵盐的合成

在硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯季铵盐的合成中,控制其单、双、叁酯季铵盐的含量是影响产品作为柔软剂性能的关键.利用1H-NMR对硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯中单、双、叁酯含量进行分析,研究了反应物的摩尔比、反应温度、催化剂用量、搅拌转速、氮气用量等因素对反应进程和单、双、叁酯含量选择性的影响,确定了酯胺化反应的优化反应条件;对于季铵化反应,以季铵盐中阳离子活性物含量为标准,通过正交试验确定了优化的反应条件.     

硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯季铵盐的合成

在硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯季铵盐的合成中，控制其单、双、叁酯季铵盐的含量是影响产品作为柔软剂性能的关键。利用^1H-NMR对硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯中单、双、叁酯含量进行分析，研究了反应物的摩尔比、反应温度、催化剂用量、搅拌转速、氮气用量等因素对反应进程和单、双、叁酯含量选择性的影响，确定了酯胺化反应的优化反应条件；对于季铵化反应，以季铵盐中阳离子活性物含量为标准，通过正交试验确定了优化的反应条件。     

硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯的分析

以V(氯仿)∶V(甲醇)=25∶1的混合溶剂作为柱层析的洗脱剂,硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯经硅胶柱层析分离得到了3个馏分.利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)、红外光谱(IR)及质谱(MS)对其进行了定性分析,结果表明,3个馏分分别是硬脂酸三乙醇胺三酯、硬脂酸三乙醇胺双酯和硬脂酸三乙醇胺单酯.利用3个高纯组分作出了对应的标准曲线,结合HPLC和柱色谱分离的结果表明:采用HPLC对硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯进行定量分析是一种方便、快捷和准确的方法.     

新型柔软剂用硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯的分析

以Ⅴ(苯):Ⅴ(乙醚)=85:15, Ⅴ(乙醚):Ⅴ(甲醇)=98:2和95%乙醇为洗脱剂,硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯经过硅胶柱层析梯度洗脱分离,可以得到三个馏分;红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱的检测表明,三个馏分分别是硬脂酸三乙醇胺三酯,硬脂酸三乙醇胺双酯和硬脂酸三乙醇胺单酯.对三个馏分定量,并且和核磁共振氢谱所得到的结果做了对比.     

硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯的合成及分析研究

利用正交试验优化了硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯的合成工艺:反应温度160℃、反应时间6 h、n(硬脂酸)∶n(三乙醇胺)=1.4∶1,催化剂用量0.1%(对反应物质量).以V(氯仿)∶V(甲醇)=25∶1的混合溶剂作为柱层析的洗脱剂,成功分离出高纯度的三酯、双酯和单酯,并利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)、红外光谱(IR)及质谱(MS)对其进行了定性分析.     

新型柔软剂用硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯的分析

以V(苯)：V(乙醚)=85：15，V(乙醚)：V(甲醇)=98：2和9s％乙醇为洗脱剂，硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯经过硅胶柱层析梯度洗脱分离，可以得到三个馏分；红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱的检测表明，三个馏分分别是硬脂酸三乙醇胺三酯，硬脂酸三乙醇胺双酯和硬脂酸三乙醇胺单酯。对三个馏分定量，并且和核磁共振氢谱所得到的结果做了对比。     

硬脂酸淀粉酯的酶促合成及其乳化稳定性

硬脂酸淀粉酯是通过淀粉酯化而得到的乳化剂,它是由淀粉及其衍生物与硬脂酸、硬脂酸甲酯、硬脂酸酰氯或硬脂酸酸酐反应得到的酯化产品.硬脂酸淀粉酯由于疏水性有机碳链的引入,淀粉的疏水性增加,使之具备了亲油和亲水的双亲性质,可广泛应用于日用化学、食品、纺织化工,生物降解材料、医药等工业.目前合成硬脂酸淀粉酯所用方法主要是水媒法、溶剂法、熔融法等.本实验采用脂肪酶LipozymeTL IM为催化剂,马铃薯淀粉与硬脂酸为反应底物、焦磷酸钠为辅助剂,合成硬脂酸淀粉酯.在脂肪酶添加量为淀粉质量10%的条件下,考察了底物比,辅助剂用量,反应时间,反应温度对酯化效果的影响,确定了酶法合成硬脂酸淀粉酯的最佳条件:淀粉6.0g,硬脂酸20.0g,焦磷酸钠1.5g,反应时间42h,反应温度65℃,制得取代度为0.036的淀粉酯产品.所得淀粉酯具有良好的乳化能力.     

速溶性氨基硅油的合成及应用

以线性硅油和氨基单体为原料,用碱性聚合法合成速溶性氨基硅油,由于速溶性氨基硅油分子中的氨基和羟基与水形成氢键,所以能够达到速溶效果.讨论了速溶性氨基硅油在各类织物整理中的应用,并将速溶性氨基硅油乳液和普通氨基硅油乳液的性能作了对比.结果表明:速溶性氨基硅油用于处理锦纶、丝绸类等织物可使织物手感得到更大的提高.     

三乙醇胺吸收—盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定白砂糖中的二氧化硫

本文建立了用三乙醇胺吸收—盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定白砂糖中二氧化硫的方法。该法用三乙醇胺代替汞盐,减少了对环境的污染。样品经处理后中加入三乙醇胺吸收液,溶液中的二氧化硫能与三乙醇胺生成稳定的阴离子复合物,再与盐酸副玫瑰苯胺溶液和甲醛反应生成紫红色化合物,在579nm处测定其吸光度。白砂糖中二氧化硫浓度在0～60mg/kg范围内与吸光度值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9994),检出限为0.50mg/kg。样品测定的相对标准偏差3.1%～4.8%,回收率93.3%～97.6%。与国标方法测定结果比较,两者无显著性差异,结果令人满意。     

新型甜菜碱柔软剂微乳化技术的研究

为了提高甜菜碱的功能,改善柔软效果,对表面活性剂和助表面活性剂进行了筛选,结果表明:采用复配表面活性剂[Tween-80/EL-10,其中w(Tween-80)为20%~90%]及助表面活性剂[正丁醇,w(正丁醇)为2%~3%(对乳液质量)]等制备的两性甜菜碱柔软剂———三乙醇胺脂肪酸酯甜菜碱微乳液呈半透明-透明状,具有透明温度区域广,离心稳定性、耐冷热稳定性、耐硬水性均优良,也有一定的耐酸性,其应用性能也比一般普通乳液好.     

一种复配有机硅羊毛织物柔软剂

筛选了三种氨基硅油为柔软剂的主要成分,以异构十三脂肪醇醚和十二烷基三甲基氯化铵为主乳化剂.乙二醇单丁醚为助乳化剂,制得透明清晰的氨基硅油微乳液.重点考察了主乳化荆配比及用量、助乳化剂的优选及用量、复合氨基硅油配比和含量以及pH、搅拌强度等对氨基硅油微乳液状态的影响.根据微乳液的理化性能测定方法,对氨基硅油微乳液及多功能柔软剂的技术性能指标进行了测定.     

亲水性氨基硅油的合成及其应用

以D4、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、不饱和聚醚等原料，经开环共聚、氢硅加成、氨解开环等多步反应，合成了亲水性氨基硅油柔软剂，并确定了最佳合成条件．将其应用于纯棉织物整理上，获得了良好的亲水性、白度及柔软和滑爽的手感．     

Enzyme and silicone treatments on jute fibre. Part II: Effect on process performance during yarn making and yarn properties

Characterization of modified jute fibres treated with selective mixed enzyme and aminosilicone compound has been reported earlier. This part of the study relates to assessment of the effectiveness of such chemical (aminosilicone) and biochemical (mixture of cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase enzymes) modifications of raw jute fibres (with or without selective pretreatments using dilute NaOH, H₂O₂, and a combination of H₂O₂ and K₂S₂O₈) on process performance during yarn making and property parameters of such yarns. Usually, jute fibres are spun into yarns applying 1.5% to 3% mineral oil-in-water emulsion prior to carding. 0.5% aminosilicone treatment of jute fibres under specified condition makes them suitable for yarn making without the use of mineral oil, and produces a softer yarn having substantially lower yarn mass irregularity and yarn imperfection values, though with some lowering in tenacity values. Some advantages accrued in regard to process performance (energy efficiency and less fibre droppage during carding) during yarn making for 4% mixed-enzyme-treated jute fibres at 55°C for 2 h over raw and bleached jute fibres are outweighed by the increase of spinning end breakage rate, much lowering of yarn tenacity, and specific work of rupture. However, 1% mixed enzyme treatment of jute fibres shows some advantages in process performance associated with much lower extent of reduction in yarn tenacity and specific work of rupture with acceptable end breakage rate during spinning, rendering an overall gain from this treatment.     

Design and in vivo evaluation of ultrafine inorganic-oxide-containing-sunscreen formulations

Ultrafine titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and a 1:1 mixture of ZnO/TiO2 were used as 5% dispersions in sunscreen formulae. Three different carrier bases were evaluated for their accelerated stability and rheological properties with and without metal oxides based on sodium lauryl sulphate/polysorbate 80, triethanolamine stearate, and cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. All three bases showed thixotropic behaviour. Addition of metal oxides only affected the magnitude of viscosity not the viscoelastic behaviour. The cationic emulsion base was found to be the most stable to incorporate the microfine metal oxides, the others' viscosity values showing a significant drop in storage. The in vivo sun protection factors were determined on the cationic based emulsions in four human subjects using an UV source covering both UVA-UVB regions. The mean sun protection factors were found to be 5.03, 4.03, and 4.8 for TiO2, ZnO, and 1:1 ZnO/TiO2 respectively for 4 mg.cm-2 applications, the differences not being significant.     

液晶法制备有机硅微小乳液--皮革手感剂

采用液晶乳化法 ,通过选择合适的乳化剂复配 ,制得一种具有良好稳定性和使用性能的皮革手感剂—水包油(O/W)型有机硅微小乳状液。讨论了液晶乳化法的微观稳定机理、液晶形成的条件、乳化剂复配原理及乳化温度对乳液稳定性的影响等。指明了液晶乳化法的优点 ,并讨论了复配有机硅的选择对使用性能的影响。     

Biosynthesis of exopolysaccharide by a Bacillus licheniformis strain isolated from ropy cider

Listeria monocytogenes accumulates low molecular weight compounds (osmolytes, or compatible solutes) in response to chill stress. This response has been shown to be responsible, in part, for the chill tolerance of the species. Among the osmolytes tested to date, glycine betaine, gamma-butyrobetaine and carnitine display the strongest cryoprotective effect. These osmolytes are not synthesized in the cell and must be transported from the medium. In this study, the compatible solute accumulation profile of the food-borne pathogen L. monocytogenes was determined in balanced growth and stationary phase cultures grown in milk whey at 7 and 30 degrees C. In balanced growth cultures at 7 degrees C, glycine betaine (720 nmol/10(10) cfu) and carnitine (130 nmol/10(10) cfu) were the major osmolytes accumulated by wild-type L. monocytogenes 10403S, whereas carnitine (490 nmol/10(10) cfu) was the dominant osmolyte and glycine betaine was present in smaller amounts (270 nmol/10(10) cfu) in a mutant (L. monocytogenes LTG59) blocked in the major glycine betaine uptake system, glycine betaine porter II. In strain 10403S, glycine betaine and carnitine were present in eightfold and twofold excess at 7 degrees C compared to 30 degrees C; the respective ratios for strain LTG59 were 6 and 8. The intracellular concentration of osmolytes in stationary phase cultures at 7 degrees C was markedly reduced compared to that during balanced growth. Furthermore, at 4 degrees C, small but highly significant differences in growth were observed between strains. Strain LTG59 grew with a lag phase that was significantly longer, a generation time that was significantly greater and reached a final cell yield that was significantly lower than that of strain 10403S. The elevated accumulation of carnitine in the absence of glycine betaine porter II was insufficient to confer the magnitude of the cryoprotective effect displayed by the wild type.