煤矸石代黏土煅烧水泥熟料配方优化试验研究

为获得煤矸石代黏土配料应用于水泥生产的煅烧热工条件和合理配方,选取不同煤矸石和不同品位的石灰石等原料配制6种水泥生料,在实验室熟料煅烧试验台上进行不同温度下煅烧水泥熟料的试验研究,对试验所得的熟料样品分别进行游离CaO质量分数的测定和矿物组成的X射线衍射(XRD)分析.试验结果表明:煤矸石代黏土与中钙石灰石和高中钙石灰石配料,都能烧制出合格的水泥熟料,烧成温度比黏土配料的烧成温度降低50℃以上;而煤矸石与高钙石灰石的配方则在烧成温度上没有明显优势,说明煤矸石与中钙石灰石或高中钙石灰石配料能烧制出高质量的水泥熟料.     

金属尾矿代黏土配料煅烧水泥熟料试验研究

为获取金属尾矿代黏土配料用于水泥熟料生产的工艺参数以及分析金属尾矿对不同品位石灰石的适应性，选取6种金属尾矿，在实验室高温炉不同温度下进行尾矿代黏土配中、高钙石灰石煅烧水泥熟料的试验研究.对试验所得熟料样品分别进行了游离氧化钙质量分数的测定和矿物组成X射线衍射（XRD）分析.试验结果表明，金属尾矿代黏土与中钙、高钙石灰石配料均能烧制出合格熟料；熟料的烧成温度较黏土配料1 450 ℃的烧成温度降低了100～150 ℃；当金属尾矿配中钙石灰石时在1 300 ℃即可完成熟料烧成，与金属尾矿配高钙石灰石时1 350 ℃的煅烧温度相比，金属尾矿配中钙石灰石更适合水泥熟料烧成.     

煤矸石代替黏土生产水泥可行性分析

为了研究煤矸石代黏土生产水泥的可行性,对10个省份28个矿点进行取样,开展煤矸石特性分析.分析结果表明,煤矸石具有高灰分、高硫分和低热值等特点,化学成分与黏土相近,还含有较丰富的微量元素和矿物组成.对煤矸石、中钙石灰石和硫酸渣等配料进行煅烧试验,试验表明,煤矸石在煅烧时,微量元素和矿物释放其储存的地质能量,加速促进硅氧键的断裂,比黏土配料更早生成硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙和铝酸三钙等水泥熟料矿物.煅烧过程中放出的二氧化硫与钙铝氧化物反应形成早强硫铝酸盐水泥熟料矿物,从而减少硫化物对环境的污染.     

尾矿作水泥矿化剂和铁质原料的试验研究

为开发利用大量堆弃危害环境的金属尾矿固体废弃物,根据其富含多种微量元素,（Fe2O3质量分数较高）,且熔点较低的特点,将其作为矿化剂和铁质原料生产水泥开展试验研究.用铜尾矿按质量比为5％的掺量配制水泥生料,在实验室高温炉不同温度条件下进行水泥熟料煅烧试验.对熟料样品的f-CaO、化学成分和X衍射矿物成分分析表明,在1 300℃煅烧温度下,f-CaO质量分数低于1％,C3S质量分数达56.79％,熟料矿物组成与不加尾矿的传统配料水泥熟料基本相同,而烧成温度比传统配料降低了100～150 ℃.金属尾矿用作水泥矿化剂和铁质原料烧制水泥熟料,能降低水泥熟料烧成能耗,减少水泥生产成本,提高熟料产量和质量,实现尾矿的资源综合利用,并能有效地保护环境.     

利用污水厂污泥配料煅烧水泥熟料研究

通过生料易烧性试验、水泥熟料矿物岩相分析、XRD、SEM、水泥胶砂强度试验等，对利用污水厂污泥代替部分粘土配料煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料的过程，并对制备熟料的微观特征进行了研究。结果表明：污水厂污泥代替部分粘土烧制的水泥熟料，其矿物结构与常规的硅酸盐水泥熟料完全相同，且由污泥配料煅烧的熟料烧成温度有降低的趋势；其水泥水化和凝结、硬化过程与常规硅酸盐水泥完全相同；其水化产物结构与常规硅酸盐水泥完全相同；水泥胶砂强度达到50．0MPa。     

稀土尾矿对水泥熟料性能的影响

试验选用云南楚雄州某地稀土尾矿,以稀土尾矿部分取代黏土原料进行水泥熟料煅烧试验。试验结果表明:掺入稀土尾矿及铅锌矿烧成熟料中的f-CaO含量明显减少,生料的易烧性提高;其3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度均有不同程度的提高;水泥熟料中的C3S、C3A和C4AF含量有所增加,对水泥熟料的烧成起到促进作用,有利于水泥熟料矿物的形成,尤其是熟料中的C3S增加明显。     

废弃混凝土再生水泥熟料的配制与性能

以完全不用天然石灰石、粘土、页岩和砂岩,废弃混凝土在生料中的质量百分含量高达95％～99％和普通煅烧工艺制备出了水泥熟料(以下简称再生熟料).将再生熟料与用天然石灰石和砂岩制备的水泥熟料进行了对比试验与分析,结果表明:2种熟料具有完全相同的XRD特征峰位,再生熟料的熟料矿物形成正常;2种熟料化学成分相近,再生熟料的率值设计中更倾向于高钙低硅;再生熟料的f-CaO含量满足安定性要求;再生熟料制备的水泥的3d强度达到42.5级硅酸盐水泥的要求,28 d强度达到52.5级硅酸盐水泥的要求.     

用正交试验法选择煅烧煤矸石水泥熟料的矿化剂

采用正交试验法研究了以煤矸石代粘土烧制水泥熟料时矿化剂的选择及最佳掺量问题。借助ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，物理检验等测试手段，对熟料的矿物组成，显微结构和物理性能进行了分析，结果表明：煅烧该类水泥熟料时，较为理想的矿化剂是单掺Ｐ２Ｏ５，其最佳掺入量约为生料的０．３％。     

钢渣在水泥熟料烧成中的作用及其机理

通过对原材料化学组成的分析，发现在水泥熟料烧制中钢渣不仅可以作石灰质及铁质原料，而且可以作为“晶种”，有利于水泥熟料的煅烧。因此将钢渣作为独立组分，利用自编全组分水泥配料计算系统在较大率值范围内，进行大量计算并分析规律，选取配比进行烧成实验。结果表明：在生料中掺入钢渣不仅可以降低硅氧率，明显减少f-CaO含量，提高熟料质量，而且能够降低环境负荷，具有良好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。     

铜尾矿替代粘土煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料的研究

以铜尾矿、石灰石、铁矿石为原料,进行水泥生料配方优化试验,开展煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料研究,f-CaO测定、XRD矿物分析为手段确定水泥熟料煅烧的配比参数.实验结果表明,以铜尾矿替代粘土,辅以钙质、铁质及铝质校正原料,采用0.88的石灰饱和系数,2.4的硅率,1.530的铝率可制备出水化活性较高的硅酸盐水泥熟料,为铜尾矿的处理利用寻找到一条很好的出路.     

Utilization of coal gangue and copper tailings as clay for cement clinker calcinations

In order to avoid environmental pollution from Coal gangue (CG) and copper tailings (CT), the utilization as cement clinker calcinations was experimentally investigated. Low-calcium limestone was also selected as another raw material. The clinker component and microstructure were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The experimental results showed that qualified cement clinker could be generated by substituting CG and CT compound for clay. While mixed with high-calcium limestone and low-calcium limestone, the calcinations temperature were 50 °C or 100 °C lower than that of clay. CT and CG contain oxygen-rich minerals and potential of geological rock energy. The energy of CG performs functions and drops down sintering temperature. The calcination time was shortened and the clinker sintering coal consumption reduced while substituting CG and CT for clay, and also served the reutilization of low-calcium limestone, CG and CT.     

Utilization of Coal Gangue and Copper Tailings as Clay for Cement Clinker Calcinations

In order to avoid environmental pollution from Coal gangue (CG) and copper tailings (CT), the utilization as cement clinker calcinations was experimentally investigated. Low-calcium limestone was also selected as another raw material. The clinker component and microstructure were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The experimental results showed that qualified cement clinker could be generated by substituting CG and CT compound for clay. While mixed with high-calcium limestone and low-calcium limestone, the calcinati...     

The mechanical properties and hydration characteristics of cement pastes containing added-calcium coal gangue

The mechanical properties of several kinds of coal gangue calcined with limestone were Researched so as to find the optimum way of calcinations with limestone. Microstructure and property of hydration process of cement pastes containing added-calcium coal gangue were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope （SEM） and method of mercury in trusion poremeasurement （MIP）, etc. The experiment can approve those results： when proper amounst of gypsum and fluorite were taken as mineralizers in the course of calcinations of added-calcium coal gangue, activity of coal gangue can be effectively improved. The results of mechanical property and structural characteristic such as hydration process, hydration product and microstructure etc. of cement pastes containing added-calcium coal gangue are consistent.     

Early hydration of composite cement with thermal activated coal gangue

Composite cement samples were prepared by mixing clinker, gypsum with burnt coal gangues which was calcined at various temperatures. The mechanical strength and Ca(OH)₂ content in the cement paste were tested, and the paste composition and microstructure were analyzed by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and pore structure analysis. Results demonstrate that the thermal activated coal gangue could accelerate the early hydration of cement clinker obviously, which promotes the gangue hydration itself. The early hydrated products of the cement are C-S-H gel, Ca(OH)₂ and AFt. The cement with 30% (in mass) the gangue exhibits higher mechanical strength, and among all the cement samples the one with the gangue burnt at 700 °C displays the highest hydration rate, mechanical strength, the most gel pores and the lowest total porosity.     

Early Hydration of Composite Cement with Thermal Activated Coal Gangue

Composite cement samples were prepared by mixing clinker, gypsum with burnt coal gangues which was calcined at various temperatures. The mechanical strength and Ca(OH)2 content in the cement paste were tested, and the paste composition and microstructure were analyzed by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and pore structure analysis. Results demonstrate that the thermal activated coal gangue could accelerate the early hydrati...     

煅烧煤矸石用作水泥高活性混合材的研究

将经煅烧等过程进行活化处理的煤矸石细粉与磨至一定比表面积的水泥熟料及天然生石膏混合均匀,制成了活化煤矸石粉掺量比例不同的多组混合水泥,并对其胶砂强度性能、标准稠度用水量、胶砂流动度进行了实验检测.同时,还应用SEM对混合水泥硬化浆体的微观结构进行了观察.结果表明,掺入经活化处理的煤矸石粉配制的混合水泥具有较好的强度性能;随掺量增加,水泥浆体的流变性能变差,但对凝结时间并无明显影响.     

低水胶比下工业废渣与水泥熟料的相互作用

探索了工业废渣与水泥熟料相互作用的定量指标.以掺惰性材料———刚玉粉的水泥水化样作参比样,研究和分析了低水胶比下粉煤灰、煤矸石与水泥熟料的相互作用.实验中粉煤灰掺量为10%~80%,煤矸石掺量为20%~60%,龄期为1~672 h.结果表明,水泥中掺入粉煤灰和煤矸石,由于水泥熟料用量降低而产生的稀释作用促进了水泥熟料的水化,而其他物理化学作用则依工业废渣的掺量、水化样龄期的不同而表现为促进或延缓水泥熟料的水化.     

粉煤灰矿渣复合水泥试验研究及其应用

通过试验研究了粉磨方式、细度、复合组分比例及添加剂对粉煤灰、矿渣、石灰石与少量熟料组成的复合水泥性能的影响 .研究结果表明 :当以上三组分比例适当时 ,通过添加剂的有效作用 ,采取合理的粉磨工艺和制度 ,在熟料掺量 5 0 %时可以配制出 6 2 5R或 6 2 5复合水泥 ,熟料掺量 4 0 %可以配制出 6 2 5或 5 2 5R复合水泥 ,熟料掺量 30 %可以配制出 5 2 5或 4 2 5R复合水泥 .同时 ,对上述部分水泥配制的高性能混凝土进行了试验研究     

低碱低掺混凝土膨胀剂的试验研究

利用不同的原料配制了多组低碱低掺型混凝土膨胀剂．测定了各膨胀剂的膨胀性能及其对水泥物理力学性能的影响．利用SEM分析了掺膨胀剂水泥的水化产物、结构和形貌．研究结果表明,利用SA熟料、无水石膏、煤矸石和硅铝质矿物原料配制的膨胀剂具有良好的膨胀性能,并对水泥的物理力学性能无不良影响;掺膨胀剂水泥在一定时期内会持续形成大量的呈交又生长的针状钙矾石,它们填充在孔隙内,使水泥石结构致密．