导风叶片对涡流空气分级机内流场的影响

利用ANSYS-Fluent 17.0软件对有、无导风叶片两种结构的涡流空气分级机内流场进行数值模拟和对比分析,研究了导风叶片对涡流空气分级机内流场的影响。数值模拟结果表明：导风叶片降低了转笼外缘处气流切向速度,从而影响转笼通道内旋涡的分布情况,使有、无导风叶片两种结构的稳定工况不同;导风叶片减小了转笼外缘处气流径向速度的波动和湍流耗散率,此处流场分布相对均匀,有利于提高分级精度;此外,导风叶片在导流过程中,改变了环形区速度场的分布,气流切向速度减小,径向速度增大,径向速度的增大使其分级粒径增大。碳酸钙物料分级实验结果表明：具有导风叶片结构的涡流空气分级机分级粒径较大,分级精度较高;导风叶片处较大的湍流耗散率有助于粉体分散,明显减弱“鱼钩效应”现象。     

气料分离型烟气导流分配装置

<正>本实用新型涉及一种气料分离型烟气导流分配装置,包括烟气导流段、稳定气流段、烟气分配段及颗粒煤收集段,烟气导流段包括烟气导流板、烟气输送段,烟气导流板设置于烟气入口管处,烟气导流板沿烟气流动方向向上倾斜设置;颗粒煤收集段为灰仓式结构,颗粒煤收集仓位于装置的底部;颗粒煤收集段的上部为     

导流板对旋风分离器内气固两相分离性能的影响

通过数值模拟对环形空间设有导流板的旋风分离器进行了研究. 与常规单入口旋风分离器相比,设置导流板显著改善了旋风分离器内的非轴对称流动,使流场的旋转中心与分离器的几何中心重合,从而抑制了旋风分离器内的涡核摆动现象. 气固两相模拟结果表明,加入导流板可明显提高旋风分离器的分离效率,尤其是对于粒径为5 mm的小颗粒,分离效率从53.4%提高到94.6%,捕集效率显著提高.     

“L”形涡流分级机导流叶片的数值模拟与试验

导流叶片是涡流分级机分级区的重要部件,本文设计了一种其凹槽面向转子的"L"形导流叶片,并以该叶片与转子组成的分级区域为气一固两相湍流理论模型,采用RSM应力方程模型和随机颗粒轨道模型进行了数值模拟.结果表明:"L"形导流叶片能实现迅速分级,减少颗粒在分级区的团聚;粗颗粒受到较大的离心力被抛向导流叶片凹槽内碰到导流叶片背风面失去动量后由于受到气流干扰很小,在自身重力作用下迅速下掉入粗粉斗,很大程度上避免了传统平板导流叶片易产生的颗粒返混现象,减少了已分级的粗颗粒对后续待分级颗粒的干扰,使分级过程更加稳定.根据数值模拟结果结合经验,"L"形导流叶片安装时的径向倾角取55°为宜.试验结果表明,使用该"L"形导流叶片有利于提高分级效率和分级精度.     

SLK空气分级机悬浮式气流散料装置设计

为提高SLK空气分级机分级效率和分级精度,减少成品粒径波动,在分级室下端设计悬浮式气流散料装置进行物料的预分散和预分选,使物料在气流中均匀分散,保证分级室流场稳定,同时进行物料的粗分选可增加喂料量,而且可减少大颗粒进入分级室对叶片造成磨损。文中介绍了该装置的结构和工作原理,并依据气固二相流基本理论以及CFD数值模拟技术对相关的设计参数进行论述。该悬浮式气流散料装置已成功应用于SLK系列空气分级机,进行锂矿渣、粉煤灰等粉体的分选,并取得良好效果。     

栅格型导流板对SCR反应器内流场影响特性分析

基于某水泥厂环保改造项目,对SCR反应器进行设计改造,应用计算流体力学软件对SCR反应器内流场进行数值模拟研究,前期获取大量实际运行数据,通过算法验证,本文使用的模拟方法具有可靠性,与实际较为吻合。随后,在比较分析不加装导流板反应器和原反应器（内置扇形导流板及多孔整流层）内流场的基础上,进一步研究了倒V型导流板+栅格整流层和栅格型导流板对SCR反应器内流场特性的影响,结果表明：栅格型导流板能有效改善流场均匀性,并且使得进入催化剂层的烟气速度偏差大大降低。     

SCR反应器入口流场均匀性模拟研究

采用Fluent软件对SCR反应器的入口部分流场进行了模拟,分析了不同导流板形式对烟气速度分布的影响。对整流格栅的画法进行了研究,分别对比了采用多孔介质模型和直接画出整流格栅两种方式,发现采用多孔介质模型所得模拟结果与实际物理场有偏差,最后选定直接画出整流格栅的方式进行模拟。对比了在流道转弯处设置不同导流板形式对流场的影响,发现当转弯处设置10块弧形等长导流板时流场分布最为均匀。     

多级循环流态化焙烧炉的两相流模拟

利用湍流模型和颗粒轨道模型对多级循环流态化焙烧装置预热段内部的流场、温度场和颗粒停留时间参数进行了数值模拟。结果表明:烟气流在旋风筒内呈现近壁流和中心流两个区域,近壁流区域的较高温度有利于菱铁矿粒物的预热升温;平齐式料管入口处存在的狭长涡旋迟滞颗粒流的下滑并可能诱发料管的堵塞,改进后的插入式料管则完全消除了上述缺陷和隐患;颗粒在高温区域的滞留时间约5s。     

涡流空气分级流场中颗粒运动及分布规律研究

为探究粗细颗粒在分级机内分离过程,基于颗粒-涡相互作用模型和离散元软球模型研究了涡流空气分级流场中湍流脉动对颗粒运动及切割粒径d₅₀的影响,探索了分级过程中颗粒的分布规律。湍流脉动主要影响小颗粒的运动轨迹,对大颗粒运动轨迹影响不大,对切割粒径d₅₀无明显影响;在风速12 m·s^-1,转笼转速1200 r·min^-1工况下,从径向分布来看,小于20μm的细颗粒主要分布在转笼区,接近切割粒径d₅₀的颗粒在环形区内做旋流运动,大于25μm的粗颗粒会在靠近导叶的区域聚集,由于颗粒间的相互作用导致一些较细的颗粒会掺混在这些粗颗粒中,从而产生“鱼钩效应”;从轴向分布来看,小于20μm的细颗粒主要分布在分级机内靠近顶部区域,粗颗粒会逐渐向下沉降,粒径越大沉降越快。     

SCR系统流场优化数值模拟研究

为提高选择性催化还原脱硝系统(SCR)的烟气气流均匀性,进而提高SCR反应器的催化效率、减少催化剂的冲蚀和损耗、提高催化剂使用寿命和提高催化反应反应物的接触程度,针对SCR反应器的流场开展数值模拟以及导流板和整流板的结构优化,基于Realizable k-ε模型和多孔介质模型,通过对全尺寸SCR反应器模型的速度场的模拟,研究导流板结构、整流板数量对于SCR脱硝系统的流场组织和气流均匀性的影响。通过模拟SCR反应器内的颗粒分布,研究飞灰颗粒对流场的影响。通过计算整流板前截面的相对速度偏差和分析不同优化方案下的SCR反应器的速度场,评估导流板和整流板的导流效果,进而确定最佳方案。结果表明:在弧形、直弧形、弧形、直弧直4种导流板方案中,直弧直形导流效果最好,这是因为弧形导流板前的水平直板和竖直直板可以更好地引导气流流动;结合反应器采用斜顶设计的几何特点,基于流场调整导流板形状与速度梯度方向相同,可以显著优化烟气的气流组织,减少转弯处的能量耗散;催化剂层前的整流板可进一步引导气流流动,极大改善气流均匀性;但过多的整流板提高近壁面处的烟气气流阻力,加剧能量耗散和速度不均匀性,反而降低整流板的整流效果。本研究整流板数量15较为合适。经过对导流板和整流板结构及数量的调整,最终可将催化剂上层的速度偏差降至6.68%,符合工业要求。针对烟气颗粒场的分析表明,飞灰颗粒主要沉积在烟道右壁面和上升通道上壁面处;同时,对颗粒沉积处必要的飞灰处理可减少烟气飞灰对于催化剂的冲蚀作用。     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF CLASSIFICATION OF ULTRAFINE PARTICLES IN A GAS-SOLID FIELD OF ELBOW-JET CLASSIFIER

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to develop a novel submicron air classifier. Based on various sizes and positions of the inner structure of the elbow-jet classifier, its two-dimensional airflow field has been simulated by the Fluent software. For this typical cross-flow field, the standard k ? ? turbulence model is applied. The Coanda effect plays a paramount role in separating ultrafine particles in the high-speed flow field of the elbow-jet classifier. The factors that influence the performance of the Coanda block, i.e., a quarter-cylinder centered in the classifier, are analyzed and discussed. The trajectories of moving particles with different diameters in the channels and chamber of the classifier have been calculated through the velocity field obtained from the CFD simulation. The cut sizes of three products from three outlets of the classifier are obtained based on the calculations of the trajectories of particles and are compared with corresponding experimental results. The ground and classified experiments have been studied simultaneously where the product outlet of a vortex jet mill is used as the feed in an elbow-jet classifier. The combination of the vortex jet mill with the external classifier provides an alternative to grinding equipment for multiple-size products of fine/medium/coarse powder. A centrifugal channel is added between the vortex jet mill and elbow-jet classifier to improve the performance of the air classifier. Both numerical and experimental results show that the pre-distributed feed particles at the exit of the centrifugal channel have a considerable effect on the separation of fine powder and a lesser effect on the separation of coarse powder.     

The Flow Simulation and Experimental Study of Low-Specific-Speed High-Speed Complex Centrifugal Impellers

1 INTRODUCTION Low-specific-speed high-speed centrifugal pumps are widely used in petrochemical, aerospace and chemical industries to deliver low flow rate and high-head liquids, but there exist many problems to be solved, such as low efficiency due to disc loss and low flow rate instability due to positive slope of head-capacity characteristic curve. Through the ex- perimental study on the low-specific-speed high-speed centrifugal pumps, it is found that complex impeller with long, mid an…     

低比转速高速复合离心叶轮的流动模拟和试验研究

Based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model, three-dimensional turbulent flow in four low-specific-speed centrifugal impellers are simulated numerically and analyzed. The relative velocity distribution, pressure distribution and static pressure rise at the design point are obtained for the regular impeller with only long blades and three complex impellers with long, mid or short blades. It is found that the back flow region between long-blade pressure side and mid-blade suction side is diminished and is pushed to pressure side of short blades near the outlet of impeller at suction side by the introduction of mid, short blades, and the size of back flow becomes smaller in a multi-blade complex impeller. And the pressure rises uniformly from inlet to outlet in all the impellers. The simulated results show that the complex impeller with long, mid and short blades can improve the velocity distribution and reduce the back flow in the impeller channel. The experimental results show that the back flow in the impeller has an important influence on the performance of pump and a more-blade complex impeller with long, mid and short blades can effectively solve low flow rate instability of the low-specific-speed centrifugal pump.     

两级组合式除雾器的分离性能分析

为研究两级组合式除雾器的分离性能,对两级旋流式、组合式、两级折流式3种除雾器进行性能分析。通过数值模拟方法分析除雾器内部流场差异,通过搭建实验平台,利用高速摄影技术并结合除雾器流场分布分析液滴在除雾器内部运动行为,进而从压降损失、分离效率、出口液滴粒径等方面开展除雾器分离性能的实验研究。结果表明：液滴在折流板内主要靠撞击叶片累积形成液膜而被捕集,在旋流板内沿叶片边缘滑动,以接近叶片倾角角度向壁面运动形成液膜被捕集;随入口截面速度增加,3种除雾器压降均逐渐增大,差值不断增加,两级旋流式除雾器压降最高;当入口截面速度低于5.7m/s时,两级旋流式、组合式除雾器分离效率均接近100%,同时组合式除雾器出口液滴中位粒径始终低于入口液滴中位粒径,并小于其余两种形式除雾器,对小粒径液滴分离能力显著;当液相流量从6.2m³/h逐步增加至13.7m³/h,3种形式的除雾器分离效率随液相流量增加呈下降趋势,其中两级旋流式除雾器在高气速、高液相流量下适应性最强,同时3种除雾器出口液滴中位粒径总体呈现下降趋势,其中组合式除雾器出口液滴中位粒径仍居于最低水平。     

卧螺式浮渣分离离心机两相数值模拟

传统的卧式螺旋卸料离心机只能分离沉渣,不能分离浮渣。本文对一种分离轻质固体浮渣的卧螺离心机进行两相数值模拟研究,使用Pro-E软件建立三维模型,应用计算流体力学软件Fluent,基于Euler多相流模型,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型及多重参考系(MRF)方法,模拟分析了这种卧螺离心机内的固液两相体积分数分布以及操作参数和物性参数对流场和分离性能的影响。模拟结果表明:此卧螺离心机适用于高浓度、中粗粒子的分离;流体沉降分层比较明显,水在液池的外层,浮渣在内层;转速差总体上对分离性能影响不大,但不能过低或是过高,保持在30~70r/min是比较好的选择;进料浓度增加,颗粒沉降速度降低,分离效率会下降;小颗粒沉降速度底且易"反混"而分离性能差,较大颗粒沉降速度高,分离性能明显高于小粒径颗粒。     

CFD modeling of MPS coal mill with moisture evaporation

Coal pulverizers play an important role in the functioning and performance of a PC-fired boiler. The main functions of a pulverizer are crushing, drying and separating the fine coal particles toward combustion in the furnace. It is a common experience that mill outlet pipes have unequal coal flow in each pipe and contain some coarse particles. Unequal coal flow translates into unequal air-to-fuel ratio in the burner, deviating from the design value and thus increasing unburned carbon in fly ash, NO_x and CO. Coarser particles at the mill outlet originate from poor separation and decrease the unit efficiency. In addition, coarser particles reduce burner stability at low load. Air flow distribution at the mill throat, as well as inside the mill, significantly influences the mill performance in terms of separation, drying, coal/air flow uniformity at the mill outlet, wear patterns and mill safety. In the present work, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the MPS Roll Wheel pulverizer at Alliant Energy's Edgewater Unit 5 has been developed. The Eulerian-Lagrangian simulation approach in conjunction with the coal drying model in Fluent, a commercial CFD software package, has been used to conduct the simulation. Coal drying not only changes the primary air temperature but it also increases the primary air flow rate due to mass transfer from coal. Results of the simulation showed that a non-uniform airflow distribution near the throat contributes significantly to non-uniform air-coal flow at the outlet. It was shown that uniform velocity at the throat improves the air and coal flow distribution at the outlet pipes. A newly developed coal mill model provides a valuable tool that can be used to improve the pulverizer design and optimize unit operation. For example, reject coal rate, which is controlled by the air flow near the mill throat, can be reduced. The model can also be used to further aid in identifying and reducing high temperature or coal-rich areas where mill fires are most likely to start.     

Grinding in an air classifier mill — Part II: Characterisation of the two-phase flow

Based on the insights about the air flow within the air classifier mill presented in the first part of the paper [1] the particle laden flow in the vicinity of the grinding pins and through the impeller wheel classifier is studied. The particle motion in the size range between 29 and 573 μm is investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The mathematical model for the fluid flow is extended to a fully coupled two-phase flow numerical calculation.The particle motion in the grinding zone is not influenced by the peripheral velocity of the impeller wheel classifier. The grinding disk velocity doesn't affect the particle behaviour at the classification region. The impact velocity at the grinding pins is independent from the particle size. The average impact velocity normal to the pin wall amounts for the cylindrical pin geometry to 68% and for the prismatic pin geometry to 80% of the peripheral grinding disk velocity. The particles entering the classifier region move with the air velocity in radial direction while their transport in sucking direction slows down in comparison to the air motion. Because of the flow separation between the classifier blades the majority of the particles undergo impacts at the blades and consequently undesired stochastic particle motion of the rebounding particles occurs.     

半干法循环流化床脱硫反应器内构件研究进展

常规脱硫反应器存在着床内气固流动不均匀、脱硫剂利用效率低等问题。安装内构件可以破碎气泡和颗粒团聚,改善流化质量,强化脱硫反应器内的气固传质和反应过程,提高脱硫效率。本文介绍了近年来半干法循环流化床脱硫反应器内构件的研究现状,主要介绍了惯性式内构件、钝体式内构件、孔板式内构件、复合型内构件;阐述了各种内构件的形式及特点,其中惯性式内构件能够强化气固分离,但不能优化流场;钝体式内构件能够增强反应器内气固湍动程度,但对轴向混合影响不大;孔板式内构件能够均布流场,但易堵塞;复合内构件能够改善流化性能,强化气固接触,但床层压降较高。通过对装有不同内构件的循环流化床脱硫反应器中气固两相流动特点的分析,指明了各类内构件对流化床内气固流动的作用原理及优缺点,综合床层压降及颗粒浓度分布,并根据现有流化床脱硫反应器内构件特点提出了促进气固高效接触、降低床层压降等新型内构件的开发方向。     

煤浆混合槽混合性能的数值模拟

利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法研究煤浆混合槽的混合性能。采用Fluent 6.2计算软件,选用多重参考系法(MRF)、RNGk-ε湍流模型以及混合物多相流模型,对卧式煤浆混合槽的内部流动情况进行数值模拟,得到了湍流强度、湍动能、压力、速度分布以及出口各相分布等混合性能。模拟结果与实验结果进行了初步比较,吻合较好。研究结果表明,混合时在挡板和搅拌浆叶之间产生漩涡,有利于防止物料堆积,使混合更均匀。     

高浓度循环水下跳汰机操作参数的调整

由济三选煤厂原煤筛分试验和煤泥水筛分试验可知,原煤泥化现象严重,煤泥水处理能力低,循环水中细粒级含量较高,导致循环水浓度升高,高浓度循环水是影响跳汰机分选效果的主要原因。通过调整进气蝶阀、排气蝶阀,设置风压频率和调整水量等措施对跳汰机操作参数进行了调整,并通过三产品分配率曲线对调整效果进行了验证,结果表明：三产品跳汰机分配率曲线较陡,可能偏差EP1、EP2,不完善度I1、I2均小于0.1,跳汰机分选效果良好。调整跳汰机操作参数后,济三选煤厂产品质量结构得到优化,省去了配煤洗混的麻烦;精煤灰分合格率达到100%,精煤产率提高了3%;原煤入洗能力提高了120 t/h,超额完成了选煤厂生产指标。