溶液聚合制备油溶性减阻剂中溶剂的选择和聚合产物性能的表征

依据溶度参数理论预测溶剂和聚合物的相容性,为合成具有更高分子量的减阻聚合物提供理论指导。实验结果表明,使用脂肪烃溶剂（正己烷、正辛烷和环己烷）和芳香烃溶剂（甲苯、苯和氯苯）合成减阻剂黏均分子量的大小顺序与依据溶度参数理论预测不同溶剂合成减阻剂的分子量大小顺序吻合。脂肪烃溶剂是α-烯烃聚合的良溶剂,芳香烃溶剂是α-烯烃聚合的不良溶剂。良溶剂中环己烷是α-烯烃聚合的最佳溶剂,易合成分子量较大的减阻剂。同时,通过室内环道评价装置及XRD和1H-NMR测试手段对聚合产物的结构和性能进行了表征。     

氯化聚丙烯溶度参数的研究

氯化聚丙烯是对聚丙烯材料有很好的粘结力 ,为了进行基础的应用研究 ,用浊度法对其溶度参数进行了测定 ,得到其溶度参数为 16 .72～ 2 1.15 (J/cm3 ) 1/ 2 。氯化聚丙烯溶解性能实验表明 :氯化聚丙烯属于弱极性物质。在溶度参数接近时 ,一般弱极性溶剂为良溶剂 ,中等极性溶剂为微溶溶剂。还用三维溶度参数对CPP的溶解性能进行了讨论。     

煤基烯烃合成中高粘度PAO的影响因素研究

以费托α-烯烃为原料,AlCl3为催化剂合成聚α-烯烃基础油（PAO）。采用正交试验方法考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、溶剂用量和搅拌速度对聚α-烯烃合成基础油的收率、运动粘度和粘度指数等的影响。通过对实验结果的分析,得到反应条件对性能的影响规律,为费托α烯烃合成聚α-烯烃提供有效的数据支撑。     

乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物Levapren 800硫化胶溶度参数的测定及应用

采用溶胀实验及计算机HSPiP软件对牌号为Levapren 800的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯硫化胶的溶度参数进行了研究。结果表明,单一溶剂与混合溶剂都可用于Levapren 800硫化胶溶度参数的测定,用溶胀法测得其一维溶度参数(δt)为18.90~19.25(J/cm3)1/2。通过HSPiP软件测得Levapren 800硫化胶的δt为19.97(J/cm3)1/2;三维溶度参数的色散力、极性力和氢键力溶度参数分别为18.20,5.50,6.10(J/cm3)1/2。利用三维溶度参数可以预测Levapren 800硫化胶在标准实验油中的溶胀行为;相对能量差对预测聚合物在溶剂中的溶胀性能方面具有一定的应用价值。     

计算机模拟在聚α-烯烃减阻剂合成中的应用

根据溶度参数理论,应用分子模拟软件Materials Studio 6.0研究在不同溶液配比下,混合溶剂的溶度参数值。根据模拟结果筛选溶剂,合成减阻剂样品。通过室内环道评价装置、红外、核磁碳谱以及XRD测试对样品进行表征和结构分析,发现当混合溶剂的溶度参数无限接近聚合物的溶度参数时,合成的减阻剂有更高的减阻增输效果。表明溶度参数理论可以作为实验指导,而模拟手段的加入可以简化实验步骤。     

氯化聚丙烯相关物性参数的测定

用反向色谱、激光浊度等方法测定了氯化聚丙类的相变温度、溶度参数、氢键力以及在不同溶剂中的溶解情况。结果表明：氯化聚丙烯是一种非晶态的弱极性物质，软化点在60－90℃附近；溶度参数约为16.72-21.15(J/cm^3)^1/2；在溶度参数接近时，一般弱极性溶剂为氯化聚丙烯的良溶剂，中等极性溶剂为其微溶溶剂。     

浅议蒙脱土对低溶剂残留BOPP薄膜改性的机理研究

BOPP印刷膜易溶剂残留与BOPP薄膜的亚微观结构有关。本文从溶剂在薄膜中吸附-扩散与聚合物微观结构的关系、纳米有机改性蒙脱土对聚合物结晶性能、溶度参数和拉伸强度和透明性等方面的影响进行了综述,结果表明采用纳米有机改性蒙脱土可以增加BOPP的结晶度、提高BOPP的溶度参数,并能提高BOPP薄膜的拉伸性和透明性,为研制低溶剂残留的BOPP提供了改性依据。     

丁苯橡胶三维溶度参数的测定及应用

采用平衡溶胀法和计算机HSPi P软件模拟测定了丁苯橡胶（SBR）的三维溶度参数,并研究了三维溶度参数在建立Hansen二维溶度参数图及确定相对能量差（RED）与溶胀比（q）的关系中的应用。结果表明,SBR的三维溶度参数δd、δp、δh分别为17.70,3.20,3.10 MPa1/2;根据Hansen二维溶度参数图可以快速准确地选取SBR的良溶剂或混合溶剂;SBR的q值随着RED的增大而减小,并在RED为1时出现拐点,此时溶剂由良溶剂转变为不良溶剂。     

丁基橡胶三维溶度参数的测定及应用

采用溶胀法和计算机HSPiP软件模拟测定了丁基橡胶(IIR)的三维溶度参数,并研究了三维溶度参数在确定相对能量差(RED)与溶胀比(q)的关系及建立Teas二维溶度参数图中的应用。结果表明,IIR的三维溶度参数δd、δp、δh分别为17.1,1.2,0.7 MPa1/2,根据Hansen模型计算得出IIR的一维溶度参数为17.16 MPa1/2,与溶胀法测试结果基本一致;IIR的q值随着RED的增大而减小,并在RED为1时出现拐点,此时溶剂由良溶剂转变为不良溶剂;在Teas二维溶度参数图中,位于IIR溶解区域内的溶剂为良溶剂,溶解区域外的为不良溶剂。     

BF3/乙醇催化1-癸烯连续齐聚过程牌号定制策略

聚α-烯烃(PAO)用于高档润滑油的基础油,以模型为工具建立优化命题并面向质量指标求解是高品质PAO牌号定制的有效手段.基于BF3/C2H5OH催化体系下1-癸烯连续齐聚的稳态模型,分析了工艺条件对产物组成和单体转化率的影响规律,结果表明:反应温度影响聚α-烯烃(PAO)组成和单体转化率;引发剂用量影响单体转化率;反应...     

氯丁胶粘剂的低毒溶剂配方的研制

氯丁胶粘剂的低毒混合溶剂的选择原则是 :根据溶剂的氢键指数及溶解度参数。通过对比试验 ,对产品粘度及剥离强度的测定 ,从中优化出溶剂配方。     

Solubility prediction of bioantioxidants for functional solvent by group contribution method

Bioantioxidants protect a living body from the damage and ageing caused by active oxygen. Typical bioantioxidants include epicatechin, caffeic acid, ascorbic acid, etc. This study focused on selecting the optimum solvent that can dissolve each bioantioxidants by calculating the solubility of various bioantioxidants in each specific solvent. The solubility parameters of the bioantioxidants were correlated with the van Krevelen group model, and the solubility of bioantioxidant for each solvent was then calculated from the interaction relationship between each solubility parameter of the bioantioxidant and optimal solvent selected. The solubility of the bioantioxidants was affected not only by the solubility parameters of the solute and solvents, but also by the fusion enthalpy of the solute at melting temperature. Then the fusion enthalpy was measured for each bioantioxidant. The equilibrium non-ideality between the solvent and bioantioxidants examined as a function of the solubility parameter and fusion enthalpy. The optimum solvent was selected for each bioantioxidant based on the quantitative solubility data. Each bioantioxidant showed slight non-ideality, which it was presented in the activity coefficient of the solution system.     

Effects of various liquid organic solvents on solvent‐induced crystallization of amorphous poly(lactic acid) film

The effects of 60 organic solvent on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were systematically investigated using the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP). The hydrogen bonding solubility parameter accurately reflects the solubility of PLA films using HSP but it depends on hydrogen bonding, as well as dispersion and polar parameters. The PLA films immersed in organic solvent became cloudy and showed no changes in chemical structure. However, solvent‐induced crystallization of the PLA films was observed. Crystalline structures do not dependent on the organic solvent but on the degree of swelling. The organic solvent‐induced crystallization formed a crystallized mixture of a‐ and β‐forms. The density of the crystalline PLA films was lower than that of amorphous PLA films. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

A novel method of selecting solvents for polymer electrospinning

The selection of a desirable solvent or solvent system as the carrier of a particular polymer is fundamental for the optimisation of electrospinning. Solvent selection is pivotal in determining the critical minimum solution concentration to allow the transition from electrospraying to electrospinning, thereby significantly affecting solution spinnability and the morphology of the electrospun fibres. 28 solvents diversely positioned on the Teas graph were studied for their solubility and electrospinnability for making polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) solutions. The results are combined and mapped on the Teas graph using different colour codes. Based on this new spinnability-solubility map, various solvent systems for PMSQ are methodically developed. Solvents are selected to produce binary solvent systems that have solvent parameters close to a good single solvent for electrospinning of the polymer solution. This work shows that solvents of high solubility do not necessarily produce solutions good for electrospinning. Polymethylsilsesquioxane solutions of the same concentration in solvents of partial solubility showed better spinnability than solutions in solvents of high solubility. A methanol-propanol binary solvent system produced electrospun fibres with high surface porosity, showing that high volatility and high vapour pressure difference among solvents mixed can induce phase separation in electrospinning. It is noteworthy that the binary solvent system mixing 2-nitropropane (high solubility) and dimethylsulphoxide (non-solvent), neither of which exhibited high volatility, also produced highly porous electrospun fibres. This demonstrates that phase separation can be induced by solubility difference in the electrospun polymer solution.     

The compatibility of a polymer catalyst–substrate–solvent and its reaction rate. I

An attempt was made which expressed in a compatibility rule not only the polymer effect but the solvent effect in a given polymeric catalyst system. Here the compatibility refers to interaction energy effects among the polymer backbone, substrate, and solvent, which can be measured by chesive energy density or the solubility parameter. A polymer catalyst adopted here is poly(diethylaminoethyl acrylate)–palladium ion complex. The experiments showed that the activity of the polymer catalyst had a bell-shaped solubility parameter profile and an optimum solubility parameter value for some substrates, and had an inverse bell-shaped solubility parameter profile and a minimum solubility parameter value for some solvents. Perhaps these results might be utilized to design a polymer catalyst having high activity for a given substrate.     

聚合物的溶剂选择与新的两维溶解度参数

按照溶解度参数的新定义 ,建立了一个两维溶解度参数体系 ,它由物理和化学两个溶解度参数分量构成 ,这两个分量的拆分借鉴了Wiehe新近提出的原则 .对每一种聚合物在不同液体中的溶解度实验数据作图表明 ,所有溶剂几乎都聚集在溶解度参数图的某一区域内 ,这个区域可用一椭圆表示 .通过一个简单的加和规则 ,它能用来满意地预测混合溶剂的溶解能力 ,为聚合物选择溶剂提供了重要的依据 .广泛的检验表明 ,新的两维溶解度参数要比Hansen三维溶解度参数更加可靠     

Solubility of the silver nitrate in supercritical carbon dioxide with ethanol and ethylene glycol as double cosolvents: Experimental determination and correlation

Solubility of the silver nitrate in the supercritical carbon dioxide containing ethanol and ethylene glycol as double cosolvents was measured under certain pressure and temperature range(10–25 MPa, 323.15–333.15 K). The impact of the pressure and temperature on the solubility was also investigated. Based on the experiment data,a correlation model concerning solid's solubility in supercritical fluids was established by combining the solubility parameter with the thermodynamic equation when a binary interaction parameter and a mixed solvent solubility parameter were defined. Experiments show the solubility of AgNO_3 increases with the pressure at a certain temperature. However, the influence of temperature is related to a pressure defined as the turnover pressure(12.3 MPa). When the pressure is higher(or lower) than this turnover pressure, silver nitrate's solubility shows increasing(or decreasing) trend as the temperature rises. Satisfactory accuracy of our presented model was revealed by comparing experimental data with calculated results.     

热塑性丙烯酸树脂快干涂料附着力性能研究

探讨了热塑性丙烯酸树脂快干涂料附着力的影响因素,结果表明在加入改性树脂增强附着力时,E-44比EP2325的效果好;在选择涂料的溶剂时,要选用挥发速度适中、溶解度参数与树脂接近的溶剂,这样能得到较好的附着力;增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的加入能改善涂料的附着力;在保证涂膜使用性能的基础上,涂膜厚度小,对附着力有利。     

General aspects of coal solubility

Coals of different rank were treated with a selection of common solvents. Whereas the solubilities in the pure solvents were very limited, it was possible to dissolve considerably more in a mixture of solvents. Using the simplification that a solvent mixture with coal is quasi binary, a correlation between interaction and the ‘solubility parameters’ of these solvents could be found. The ‘solubility parameters’ of 6 coals were determined. A comparison with calculated parameters which were found in the literature showed significantly lower values. Application of the theory explains several experimental results of coal solubility. Extractability and solubility are frequently though wrongly used interchangeably in coal chemistry. To avoid confusion the thermodynamic expression ‘solubility parameter’ (a common expression in polymer chemistry) has been adopted and is used in quotation marks.     

Properties of PVC. II. Properties of PVC compounds with solvents

It was the aim of this paper to study the influence of the solvent residues in PVC compounds on physical and mechanical properties of samples prepared from them as well as the rheologic properties of their melts. Besides tetrahydrofuran other solvents are also partly retained in PVC even after processing at higher temperatures. The properties of samples prepared from PVC compounds containing solvents depend on the solubility parameter of the solvent used. Solvents with a solubility close to that of PVC have the same effect as plasticizers. Solvents with very high solubility parameters, e.g., water, influence the flow and dynamic properties in just the opposite way than plasticizers and behave rather like fillers. A mechanism for influencing the properties of PVC by the presence of solvent residues is suggested.