真空叶片机洗涤沉淀硫酸钡数学模型的研究

详细阐述了真空叶片机洗涤沉淀硫酸钡过程中洗涤液浓度的变化,并做出洗涤曲线图加以讨论,对目前存在的问题作了具体的分析,指出真空叶片机在洗涤沉淀硫酸钡的过程中包括两个过程：置换过程和传质扩散过程,符合Rhodes的扩散洗涤模型理论,为工业化生产提供可靠依据,便于生产过程控制。     

滤饼的洗涤

<正> 滤并净化度要求的高低对分离设备投资费用和操作费用的影响极大,因此对洗涤过程的精心研究就显得非常重要了。对于穿流洗涤,人们可将此分为渗滤、洗涤、中间洗涤和扩散洗涤。为了降低洗涤液的用量,可以在设备中设置对流洗涤过程,如对净化度有很高要求时也可设置多级再次搅拌滤饼装     

滤饼过滤中滤饼的洗涤及应用

对置换洗涤过程、机理、洗涤效率、洗涤滤液中溶质质量分数的变化进行了分析;导出洗涤比R为变数时,多级逆流置换洗涤的计算方程;通过对滤饼洗涤试验得出:滤饼中溶质的去除与洗涤液用量有关与其是否含溶质基本无关;同时对柠檬酸生产中的石膏滤饼的洗涤试验表明:置换洗涤效率E在R>1时,E随着R的增加而减小;对石膏滤饼多级逆流置换洗涤结果的试验值与计算值十分接近,该计算方程可用于指导工业生产。     

α-FeOOH动态洗涤工艺

一、概述合成a－FeOOH料浆中可溶物质的洗涤，耗水量大，洗涤效率低，是磁粉生产过程中的难题之一。作者曾进行了a－FeOOH制浆洗涤工艺研究，以期改善这一工艺状况，并建立了制浆洗涤工艺数学模型——各工艺要素数学关系表达式，以指导工艺设计’‘’。对该数学模型的深入分析及相关的实验研究发现，制浆洗涤应属动态洗涤（相对于板框压滤机洗涤）过程。该工艺耗水量较小，洗涤效率相对较高。但在工程实际操作中发现，与其理想（理论）状态相去甚远。其原因在于实际制浆洗涤过程是一个非连续的、周期性的动态洗涤过程。洗涤比大（一般为…     

磷酸脲的真空抽滤洗涤过程研究

详细阐述了磷酸脲的真空抽滤洗涤过程中洗涤液中以铁离子为代表的杂质浓度的变化,做出洗涤曲线图并加以讨论,指出磷酸脲的真空抽滤洗涤包含有两个过程:置换过程和传质扩散过程,洗涤模型符合Rhodes洗涤模型,为工业化磷酸脲的洗涤提供依据,便于以后设备的选型以及相关洗涤条件的确定。     

过滤洗涤特性曲线的一种函数拟合

本文分析了过滤洗涤的传质机制。在此基础上,重点讨论了洗涤传质效率β在整个过程中的变化,并以相近的函数进行了拟合,导出过滤洗涤过程中洗出液浓度随时间变化的关系式。所得理论曲线与实践总结出的过滤洗涤特性曲线吻合较好,反映了过滤洗涤过程变化的主要特征。     

新型过滤、洗涤、干燥“三合一”设备的开发

开发了一种新型"三合一"设备,该设备集过滤、洗涤和干燥功能于一体,其特殊的磁力传动密封结构,最大限度地保证了过滤过程的密封性;洗涤过程中,可进行化浆洗涤和置换洗涤,洗涤效果好;干燥过程中,有效换热面积大,搅拌强度可调,且可在真空条件下进行操作,干燥效率高、操作周期短,特别适合应用于医药、精细化工及有机化工等行业中涉及有毒、有害、易燃、易挥物质的分离过程。     

颗粒床层分级洗涤过程的分析

讨论了流态化分级洗涤过程的原理与计算。将全塔分成截面不同的洗涤段与分级段两部分。把洗涤过程看作是溶解物质在洗涤水与粗砂存留水之间的均相传质过程,存留水量由底流粗砂液固比决定。由此提出了最小洗比及其计算公式,作为决定洗涤水用量的基准。洗涤床层的高度由理论级数和等级高度决定。认为最小流化状态是洗涤操作的最佳操作状态,依此条件计算洗涤段的截面积。分析了希相段中分级过程的机理,讨论了溢流跑粗的原因,探讨了浓希两相分界面在分级洗涤过程中的作用机理,提出了洗涤段的设计计算方法以及避免溢流跑粗可能奏效的措施。     

气化装置洗涤塔设计分析

介绍煤气化装置中洗涤塔的设计参数及结构,分析洗涤塔的材料选择、强度计算、13MnNiMoR材料的相关要求等内容,提出洗涤塔制造过程中对焊接、热处理及检验的特殊要求。     

两相洗涤(乳化洗涤)介绍

两千多年来,织物一直是在水溶液中洗涤。用有机溶剂洗涤织物(俗称干洗)是近一百五十年前发展起来的。上述洗涤过程,分别在单一的溶液中进行,通称单     

湿法磷酸尾气洗涤器的选型及使用情况

针对湿法磷酸尾气洗涤过程析出的SiO2胶体易堵塞洗涤设备,影响系统长期稳定运行等问题,介绍了湍球洗涤塔、错流洗涤器和文丘里一旋风喷淋洗涤塔的使用情况,分析了影响洗涤效率的因素,在正确选择工艺参数的前提下,综合考虑洗涤设备的能耗和造价,认为以选用文丘里一旋风喷淋洗涤塔为佳。     

磷酸铵类肥料技术讲座第九讲磷铵类肥料生产的辅助设备

这一讲介绍了磷铵类肥料生产的辅助设备 ,包括干燥机、振动筛、破碎机、冷却机、包裹机 ,以及气体净化设备 ,如文丘里洗涤器、错流喷淋填料洗涤器、旋风喷淋洗涤器和浮球填料塔等。     

Column Dust Scrubber Based on an Orifice Plate to Intensify Gas‐Liquid Mixing

A column dust scrubber based on an orifice plate is developed for small and medium‐sized enterprises in China, which urgently need small‐volume, large‐flow scrubbers. The scrubber uses an orifice plate to evenly distribute the gas flow, which forms a uniform and stable impact on the liquid phase. As a result, dust removal via intensified gas‐liquid mixing can be achieved. A laboratory orifice plate scrubber model is developed, prototyped, and preliminarily studied considering the working process of the scrubber (mixed gas‐liquid flow pattern), liquid level, gas flow rate, pressure drop characteristics, dust removal efficiency, etc. The scrubber can achieve a good gas‐liquid mixing state when it is in a stable liquid column flow pattern. The drag coefficient of the scrubber is affected by the discharge of the gas stream to the liquid phase.     

Venturi scrubber calculation and optimization

Collection efficiency and pressure loss of a venturi scrubber can usually be determined from the calculation models of Barth and Calvert. However, this only leads to reasonable results if the droplets are uniformly distributed throughout each cross-section of the washing zone. In this work, a two-zone models is developed which allows the calculation of the venturi scrubber at operating conditions with a non-uniform droplet distribution. The scrubber geometry is also taken into account. A venturi scrubber was developed on the basis of this new model. Its energy consumption is significantly lower than the well-Known optimum characteristic of Wicke and Holzer. For ideal operating conditions, a new optimum characteristic is given which should be the aim of future optimizations.     

Wet flue gas desulfurization performance of 330 MW coal-fired power unit based on computational fluid dynamics region identification of flow pattern and transfer process

Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD) unit based upon spray scrubber has been widely employed to control SO₂ emissions from flue gas in coal-fired power plant. To clarify the dependence of desulfurization performance on inter-phase transfer behaviors with non-ideal contacting patterns of flue gas and slurry droplets, three regions in spray scrubber are distinguished in terms of gas-slurry flow structures using CFD method in the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework. A comprehensive model is established by involving the transfer process between two phases and chemical reactions in aqueous phase, which is validated with the measured data from a WFGD scrubber of 330 MW coal-fired power unit. Numerical results show that the overall uniformity degree of flue gas in whole scrubber is largely determined by the force-balanced droplets in the middle part of scrubber, which is dominated by counter-current mode. Both momentum transfer behavior and SO₂ chemical absorption process present the synchronicity with the evolution of gas-slurry flow pattern, whilst the heat transfer together with H₂O evaporation has little effect on overall absorption process. Three regions are firstly defined as Gas Inlet Region (GIR), Dominant Absorption Region (DAR) and Slurry Dispersed Region (SDR) from the bottom to top of scrubber. SO₂ is mainly scrubbed in DAR, which provides much more intensive interaction between two phases compared to GIR or SDR. A better understanding of the desulfurization process is obtained from the fundamental relationship between transport phenomena and chemical reactions based upon the complicated hydrodynamics of gas-slurry two-phase flow, which should be useful for designing and optimizing the scrubber in coal-fired power unit.     

低压醇分离器闪蒸气甲醇含量高的对策措施

针对甲醇装置开车后合成回路低压醇分离器闪蒸气甲醇含量高的问题,新增水洗塔,将闪蒸气引入水洗塔洗涤,降低闪蒸气中的甲醇含量,同时回收闪蒸气中的甲醇。水洗塔投用后,效果十分明显,闪蒸气中的甲醇含量得到有效控制。     

文氏栅洗涤器除尘脱硫实验研究

采用双碱法脱硫技术 ,在自行设计的多通道文丘里洗涤器 (简称文氏栅洗涤器 )进行模拟燃煤烟气的除尘脱硫试验。其试验过程是 :先在三种不同喉部参数 (分别称为 1# ,2 # ,3 # )的文氏栅洗涤器进行除尘试验 ,经过优选后 ,在 2 #文氏栅洗涤器上进行脱硫试验。试验结果表明经过优选的 2 #文氏栅洗涤器有着较高的除尘脱硫效率。当文氏栅洗涤器的运行参数为 :pH =12、液气比为 0 .75L/m3、 [Na+ ]=0 .3mol/L、 [SO2 ]=12 0 0× 10 -6,文氏栅洗涤器的除尘效率大于 96 % ,脱硫效率大于 80 %。经过完善后可用作中小型燃煤锅炉烟气的除尘脱硫     

合成气出口文丘里洗涤器技改小结

分析了航天炉气化装置合成气出口文丘里洗涤器运行中存在的问题及原因;实施了文丘里洗涤器喷淋水系统的技术改造。结果表明：①文丘里洗涤器运行周期由技改前的4～5个月延长到12～18个月;②该项技改措施已在同类装置广泛应用。     

水溶液全循环尿素装置惰气精洗器投运总结

针对放空气含氨导致的排放超标,设备腐蚀问题,增设惰气精洗器.精洗器投运后,放空气氨含量明显降低.     

Mercury Speciation in Flue Gases after an Oxidative Acid Wet Scrubber

Flue gases from a hazardous waste incinerator have been sampled in three campaigns, before and after, an oxidative acid wet scrubber working with the MercOx‐process. A continuous emission monitor for mercury speciation was used before the scrubber in the first campaign. In all campaigns, impingers with KCl and KMnO₄ were used. A solid adsorption method was used in the last campaign. The mercury leaving the scrubber is oxidized at > 90 % efficiency (independent of the inlet speciation). A substantial decrease in the redox potential of the scrubber liquid caused an increased fraction of elemental gaseous mercury to be present in the clean gas. The measurements also show that the scrubber has the ability to readily absorb mercury peaks. During one extreme peak of 3,600 μg/m³ (dry gas) in the raw gas, the removal efficiency was above 99.9 %.