聚碳酸亚丙酯与聚乳酸共混物性能及热分解动力学分析

采用溶液浇铸法制备了聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混物,通过力学性能测试、衰减全反射红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热分析和热失重分析研究了共混物的性能,并对共混物进行了热分解动力学研究。结果表明,随着PLA含量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度增大,断裂伸长率减小,PPC/PLA共混物的力学性能得到改善;随着PLA的含量从10%(质量分数,下同)增加到90%,共混物热失重10%所对应的温度(T-10%)从255℃逐渐增加到281℃,当PLA的含量分别为10%、50%和90%时,最大速率失重温度比纯PPC分别提高了3.45、15.51和41.58℃;采用Coats-Redfern法得出,PLA的加入能提高PPC的活化能,其中PLA含量为30%和50%时,共混物的活化能比纯PPC分别提高了12.72%和40.68%,说明PLA改善了PPC的热稳定性。     

可降解聚碳酸亚丙酯复合材料的性能

通过聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)与聚乳酸(PLA)的共混,提高PPC的热性能、力学性能、生物降解性。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、多晶X衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重分析(TG)、拉伸力学实验研究了复合材料的性能。实验结果表明,聚合物之间没有发生化学反应,共混物为部分相容的体系;复合材料的玻璃化转变温度最高比PPC提高30℃,分解温度Td5%最多比PPC提高42℃,Td50%最多比PPC提高67℃;PLA的加入使复合材料的降解性能优于PPC,40d降解后复合材料最大失重率为33.37%,是PPC的9倍;PPC-PLA复合材料有良好的成膜性,制备的薄膜透明均匀,复合薄膜材料拉伸强度为36～58MPa,杨氏模量最大为2943MPa。     

PPC/PBAT生物降解材料热性能和力学性能的研究

采用聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯-己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)对聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯(PPC)进行共混改性,对共混物进行了性能分析,并对PPC纯料与纤维素进行受控堆肥条件下最终需氧生物分解和崩解能力测试。结果表明:相同时间内PPC的生物分解速率要低于纤维素的生物分解速率;120 d内纤维素最大生物分解率为90%,PPC最大生物分解率约为63%;当PBAT的加入量为20%时,PPC的玻璃化转变温度提高3.55℃,失重率5%、50%和90%时的温度分别最高提高3.61℃、42.73℃和70.21℃;当PBAT含量为40%时,共混片材的拉伸强度最高提高了236.4%。     

PPC-MA/PETG共混型生物降解材料的结构与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了马来酸酐(MA)封端聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯(PETG)的共混物(PPC-MA/PETG),采用套管上吹法将共混物吹塑成膜.通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段系统地研究了共混物的热、力学性能及形貌.结果表明:PPC-MA/PETG共混物为部分相容体系;MA封端PPC可以提高PPC的热分解温度(T-5%),PETG与PPC-MA共混进一步提高了PPC的热性能;当PETG含量低时,PETG作为岛相分散在PPC基体中,随着含量的增加,共混物将发生"海-岛"结构转变成"海-海"结构;共混物薄膜的力学性能较纯PPC大幅增强,从4.7MPa提高到16.93MPa.PPC-MA与PETG共混可以获得力学性能较好的膜材料,改善PPC材料的缺陷,在包装、生物医用材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

聚碳酸亚丙酯改性复合材料的性能

通过溶液共混法实现聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)与聚乙二醇(PEG)的共混改性,提高PPC的热性能。通过1HNMR、FTIR研究了共混物的相容性,表明聚合物之间没有发生化学反应,两者之间为简单的物理共混,相容性较好,而且共混物的亲水性随着PEG组分的增加而增强。热性能测试结果表明,共混物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热分解温度(Td)都比PPC高,Tg和Td95%最高分别达到51℃和410℃,比PPC提高了29℃和130℃。可用于制备高性能的包装材料。     

马来酸酐接枝聚乳酸增容聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚乳酸共混体系的结构与性能研究

采用熔融接枝技术将马来酸酐(MAH)接枝到聚乳酸(PLA)上,制备不同MAH含量的PLA-g-MAH接枝共聚物,将聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)、PLA、PLA-g-MAH熔融共混,制备PPC/PLA/PLA-g-MAH共混物,分析接枝物中MAH含量对PPC/PLA/PLA-g-MAH共混体系的热学性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:PLA-g-MAH可以改善PPC与PLA二者的相容性,使PLA在降温过程中更容易结晶。引入接枝物后,共混物的起始分解温度及完全分解温度分别提高30℃和60℃。共混物的力学性能随着接枝物中MAH含量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当MAH的加入量为3%,共混体系力学性能最佳,冲击断面塑性形变程度更加显著,呈现褶皱状韧性断裂特征,拉伸强度达到42.8 MPa,断裂伸长率为120%左右,同时冲击强度最大。     

PPC/PDAP共混膜的制备和性能

将过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)置于特定温度下,引发邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP)在聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)溶液中聚合,制备得到聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(PPC/PDAP)共混膜。采用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)、万能试验机和水蒸气透过率测试仪对共混膜的红外吸收、结晶性、热、力学和阻隔性能进行了表征。结果表明,通过DAP的聚合,提高了PPC的结晶性,使PDAP在PPC基体中形成交联网络,提高了共混膜的热、力学和阻隔性能。相比纯PPC,当DAP含量为20%时,共混膜的玻璃化转变温度和拉伸强度分别提高了5.3℃和266%;当DAP含量为40%时,共混膜的失重5%热分解温度提高了50.9℃,透湿系数下降了25%,因此,阻隔性能得到了提升。     

聚碳酸亚丙酯-聚乙二醇复合材料的制备与性能

通过聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)与聚乙二醇(PEG)的共混,提高PPC的热性能、亲水性和降解性能。通过1HNMR、FT-IR、XRD研究了共混物的相容性,表明聚合物之间没有发生化学反应,两者之间为简单的物理共混,相容性较好。共混物热性能的测试结果表明,共混物的玻璃化转变温度最高为61℃,比PPC提高了39℃,Td50%和最高分解速率时的温度都在242～262℃范围内,高于PPC的Td50%(235℃)和Tmax(238℃);共混物亲水性是PPC的12～33倍,其溶液降解性最多比PPC提高16倍,而生物降解性能至少比PPC提高4～6倍。     

聚苯乙烯改性聚丙撑碳酸酯的制备和表征

在聚苯乙烯(PS)的黏流温度以下制备了聚丙撑碳酸酯(PPC)和PS的共混物,研究了配比对PPC/PS共混物的热降解、形貌、力学性能和水蒸气阻隔性的影响。结果表明,共混物的黏度随PS含量增加而增大。PS促进了PPC的热降解。PS质量分数为50%～70%时,共混物为共连续结构。其他配比下,共混物呈海岛分相,分散相呈片层状。随PS含量的提高,共混物的弹性模量、拉伸强度和洛氏硬度提高,断裂伸长率降低。38℃下,共混物的水蒸气渗透率随PS含量的增加而降低,而在20℃下,变化趋势相反。当PS质量分数为50%时,共混物的水蒸气渗透率在20～38℃内不随温度改变。     

聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚乙烯醇共混复合材料的性能

采用熔融共混挤出的方式制备了可生物降解的聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合材料。运用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热失重分析仪(TGA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和万能试验机分别研究了复合材料的相容性、热稳定性、微观形态以及力学性能。结果表明:复合体系中材料的相容性较好,改性PVA的引入提高了复合材料的热稳定性和拉伸强度,当改性PVA的质量分数为50%时,拉伸强度达到39.2 MPa,提高了约177%。     

海水环境下聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚乳酸共混物的降解性能研究

研究了聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）/聚乳酸（PLA）共混物在海水环境下的降解性能,通过力学实验、扫描电子显微镜、衰减全反射红外光谱等分别研究了共混物的力学性能、表面微观形貌、化学结构等的变化规律。结果表明,随着降解时间的延长,10/90、30/70、50/50、70/30（质量比,下同）的PPC/PLA共混物的拉伸强度都不断增大,而断裂伸长率在30 d时急剧降低,此后几乎保持不变;海水作用下240 d后PPC和PLA表面都存在明显孔洞和缺陷,而50/50的PPC/PLA共混物表面没有明显的裂纹和孔洞;纯PPC和纯PLA的羟基指数、羰基指数以及乳酸指数都呈现不断增大的趋势,且在前30 d比较明显,而50/50的PPC/PLA共混物则几乎没有变化;共混物的质量损失主要体现在前30 d,且质量损失率几乎都小于10 %,降解程度较低;共混物失重5 %的热分解温度提高,而最大速率失重温度几乎没有变化。     

聚碳酸亚丙酯/有机水滑石复合材料的制备及性能研究

利用马来酸酐（MAH）作为聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）的封端剂,采用熔融共混法制备了PPC /有机水滑石（OLDH）复合材料。当复合材料中OLDH的含量达到4 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的5 %失重温度、 95 %失重温度、失重最大速率温度较纯PPC分别提高了49.1、70.2、49.3 ℃,玻璃化转变温度由18.3 ℃增加到了22.7 ℃,并且少量层状粒子OLDH的加入可以提高聚合物的力学性能以及阻隔性能。     

Mechanical,morphological, thermal properties and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends prepared by solvent casting

The preparation of polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) blend films by using the solvent casting method is to improve the properties of pure PLA. The blends' mechanical and thermal properties, morphological as well as hydrolytic degradation behavior are evaluated. The tensile test proved that the increase of PPC from 0 wt% to 75 wt% could improve the elongation of pure PLA when the graph showed a significant increase of the elongation from 10% to 1000%. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) supported the significant increase in elongation of the blends when it shows a definite phase separation in 75/25 PLA/PPC, where 25% of PPC has formed islands in the PLA matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates the partial miscibility of the blends where two peaks of the glass transition temperature moved towards each other when the amount of PPC increases. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed a possible intermolecular interaction between two polymers, which affects the miscibility of the blends. Finally, the hydrolytic degradation test indicates that the degradation started from the PLA phase and the blends' degradation rate decrease as wt% of PPC increase.     

聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚乳酸共混物光照条件下的降解行为研究

研究了聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）/聚乳酸（PLA）共混物在光照条件下的降解性能,通过力学实验、质量变化、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、衰减全反射红外光谱技术（ATR-FTIR）、高温凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）和热重分析（TG）分别研究了共混物力学性能、质量损失、表面微观形貌、化学结构、相对分子质量和热稳定性的变化规律。结果表明,100/0、70/30、50/50、30/70、0/100（质量比,下同）的PPC/PLA共混物光照56d时质量损失率为34.89%、40.50%、39.38%、29.6%和6.24%,共混物在14d时几乎损失所有的力学性能;光照56d后PPC和50/50的PPC/PLA共混物表面有明显的裂纹和孔洞,而PLA表面没有变化,光照时间越长,共混物表面越粗糙,降解程度越大;共混物的羟基指数（HI）和羰基指数（CI）在前21d不断增大,其中前14d比较明显;共混物在光照56d后相对分子质量降低,多分散性指数减小,分子量分布变窄;共混物失重5%的热分解温度（T-5%）和最大速率失重温度（TP）提高,而PPC的TP却降低。     

Biodegradable polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were melt-blended and extruded into films in the PLA/PEG ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70. It was concluded from the differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis results that PLA/PEG blends range from miscible to partially miscible, depending on the concentration. Below 50% PEG content the PEG plasticized the PLA, yielding higher elongations and lower modulus values. Above 50% PEG content the blend morphology was driven by the increasing crystallinity of PEG, resulting in an increase in modulus and a corresponding decrease in elongation at break. The tensile strength was found to decrease in a linear fashion with increasing PEG content. Results obtained from enzymatic degradation show that the weight loss for all of the blends was significantly greater than that for the pure PLA. When the PEG content was 30% or lower, weight loss was found to be primarily due to enzymatic degradation of the PLA. Above 30% PEG content, the weight loss was found to be mainly due to the dissolution of PEG. During hydrolytic degradation, for PLA/PEG blends up to 30% PEG, weight loss occurs as a combination of degradation of PLA and dissolution of PEG. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1495–1505, 1997     

Preparation and properties of 4, 4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate blocking modified poly(propylene carbonate)

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is inferior in thermal stability and liable to incur thermal degradation, especially in the existence of residual bimetal catalyst. In this article, PPC containing residual catalyst was end‐capped with 4, 4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) through melt compounding. The blends were characterized by infrared spectra, melt flow index (MFI), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), gel content measurement, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile test. The effect of MDI on thermal stability, molecular weight, and tensile properties of PPC was studied. Thermal degradation kinetics of neat PPC and PPC+MDI blending samples was discussed with Friedman method. MFI, GPC, and gel content measurements showed that mainly end‐capping reaction was carried out on PPC chains when 0.1% of MDI was added. However, as the amount of MDI exceeded to 0.3%, end‐capping, chain‐extension, and crosslinking reactions were synchronously carried out on PPC. Results showed that the end‐capping, chain‐extension, and crosslinking reaction occurring between PPC and MDI could effectively inhibit the unzipping degradation even when the residual catalyst was not removed thoroughly. When the content of MDI reached 1.0%, the initial degradation temperatures (T_‐5%) increased from 176.26°C for neat PPC to 259.56°C. As a result, the processing temperature range and processing time were largely extended, and the heat resistance of PPC was improved remarkably. Meanwhile, the tensile property of the modified PPC was enhanced obviously. It may be due to the fact that the molecular weight and gel content of PPC were increased with the increasing amount of MDI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

有机硅改性提高环氧树脂韧性和耐热性的研究

用聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷(PTS)通过物理和化学改性两种方法,成功制备了一系列有机硅改性环氧树脂。通过对化学改性产物的红外光谱、环氧值和相对分子质量及分布的测定,表明有机硅已成功引入环氧树脂。对两种改性方法所得固化物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、拉伸强度及断裂伸长率、热稳定性、微观结构进行了分析测定,探讨了改性方法、有机硅含量等对材料性能的影响。结果表明,化学改性环氧树脂产物具有更为优良的性能,双酚A型环氧树脂E-44(简写EP)通过PTS化学反应改性,当m(EP)∶m(PTS)=100∶10时,其固化物拉伸强度达58.36 MPa,断裂伸长率达11.65%,Tg达169.82℃,50%的质量热损失温度达到487℃;比未改性的纯环氧树脂分别提高了9.42 MPa,4.91%,17.29℃,39℃。