竹纤维的表面能分析及其增强PP复合材料的力学性能

通过先碱处理再偶联剂处理的方法对竹纤维进行表面改性,采用非织造-模压工艺制备了竹纤维增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。根据Owens-Wendt法分别计算了碱处理和在此基础上偶联剂处理的竹纤维的表面能以及极性分量和非极性分量,研究了碱处理中Na OH溶液浓度及偶联剂处理中硅烷偶联剂溶液浓度对竹纤维表面能的影响,并探索了竹纤维的表面能与复合材料力学性能的关系。结果表明,随着Na OH溶液浓度增大,竹纤维表面能呈增大趋势,拉伸强度呈降低趋势;碱处理的竹纤维增强PP复合材料的力学性能受竹纤维表面能和本身强度的综合影响,当Na OH溶液浓度为5%时,复合材料的综合力学性能最优。在Na OH溶液浓度为5%的碱处理基础上进行偶联剂处理可大幅提高竹纤维的非极性分量,随着硅烷偶联剂溶液浓度的增加,竹纤维的表面能降低;复合材料的力学性能与偶联剂处理后竹纤维表面能的变化没有对应关系,当偶联剂溶液浓度为3%时,复合材料的力学性能最优。     

竹纤维微生物改性对竹塑复合材料性能的影响

采用微生物法对竹纤维进行改性,研究其对竹纤维成分及结构的影响,通过热压成型制备了不同竹塑配比的竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料(PP/BF),并对其力学性能、断面微观结构进行表征来探讨竹纤维对聚丙烯基体的增强性能。结果表明:微生物改性能有效去除纤维素表面部分的半纤维素、木质素等成分,并在一定程度上降低了竹纤维的极性,改善了竹纤维与聚丙烯基体的界面浸润性。所得的竹塑复合材料以竹纤维添加量为30%时,力学性能最优,其拉伸强度、弹性模量较纯聚丙烯材料分别增强了3.4%、29.4%,弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别提高了38.9%、37.5%。     

阻燃竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料降解性能的研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)为增塑剂,利用竹纤维作为增强体,加入聚磷酸铵/淀粉/甲酰胺、双氰胺(APP/TS/FD)混合膨胀型阻燃剂,制备阻燃型竹纤维/PLA复合材料,通过分析土埋、热老化两种条件下,复合材料表面形貌、燃烧性能、热性能、吸水性能、力学性能的变化,研究竹纤维增强PLA复合材料的降解性能。研究表明,在热老化情况下,复合材料的力学性能变化更为明显,在80℃下热老化12天后复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别降低了86.6%和77.1%,而土埋3个月后的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别降低了71.9%和61.8%,处理前后复合材料的燃烧性能和热性能均无明显变化。     

表面改性对竹纤维与聚丙烯纤维混杂毡平铺复合材料湿热老化影响

采用碱处理以及碱-偶联剂处理竹纤维,利用非织造和热压工艺制备了竹纤维(BF)与聚丙烯纤维(PP)混杂毡平铺复合材料。研究了改性前后竹纤维与聚丙烯纤维混杂毡平铺复合材料的湿热老化行为的变化,并用SEM研究了复合材料界面结合状况。结果表明:竹纤维与聚丙烯纤维混杂毡平铺复合材料的吸湿规律符合Fick吸湿定律,和竹纤维含量无关,复合材料的吸湿行为不仅与竹纤维含量有关,还与材料内部孔洞密切相关。湿热老化对复合材料拉伸性能影响不显著,经过碱处理或者碱-偶联剂处理后,竹纤维与聚丙烯纤维混杂毡平铺复合材料耐湿热老化性能有较明显的提升效果,综合考虑湿热老化后复合材料的性能,碱-偶联剂处理后复合材料耐湿热老化性能最优,当湿热老化60 d后,复合材料的弯曲和拉伸强度分别为60.55、33.10 MPa,较未处理分别提高了49.51%、18.06%,弯曲和拉伸模量分别为3.91、3.58 GPa,较未处理分别提高了64.7%、7.28%。SEM结果显示:经过碱-偶联剂处理后,竹纤维与聚丙烯树脂之间的黏结得到了提升,复合材料内部孔隙减少,阻碍了水分在材料内的扩散,从而提升了复合材料的耐湿热老化性能。     

共混工艺对长竹纤维/聚丙烯共混材料力学性能的影响

竹纤维具有较高的拉伸强度和模量,应用于增强高分子材料的强度,与塑料共混可以作为一种新型的绿色环保型复合材料,具有广泛的应用前景。研究了竹纤维与PP的共混工艺,分析了偶联剂对竹纤维预处理、纤维的比例以及注塑温度对竹纤维/PP共混材料的物理和力学性能的影响,结果表明:采用马来酸酐类偶联剂处理纤维,可有效提高竹纤维/PP共混材料的力学性能,同时当纤维比例为10%时,纤维/PP共混材料的弯曲性能较佳,而纤维比例为30%时,其拉伸强度最大,纤维/PP共混材料注塑最佳温度为210℃。     

碳酸钙／聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能对比研究

研究了无机刚性材料纳米或微米碳酸钙对聚丙烯(PP)的填充改性以及利用钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米碳酸钙进行表面处理后,对于碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料体系的力学性能的影响.结果表明,纳米碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能明显优于微米碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能;钛酸酯偶联剂改性处理纳米碳酸钙粒子后,其复合体系的冲击强度和断裂伸长率有明显的提高.     

椰壳纤维/PBS可降解复合材料的研究

采用碱溶液和偶联剂对椰壳纤维进行表面处理,用转矩流变仪的密炼装置,制备未进行表面处理的不同纤维含量的椰壳纤维/PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)复合材料和经表面处理的不同纤维含量的椰壳纤维/PBS复合材料。重点研究了椰壳纤维和偶联剂含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,椰壳纤维含量和偶联剂含量对复合材料的力学性能影响最大。当椰壳纤维含量为45%时,复合材料的力学性能最好,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别为38.59 MPa、52.43 MPa、10.45 k J/m2;偶联剂含量对冲击强度影响不大,但氢氧化钠浓度对冲击强度有一定影响。随着椰壳纤维含量的增加,材料的力学性能相应提高;偶联剂含量增加,纤维-树脂的界面黏结性能提高,材料的力学性能随之提高。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片显示,碱处理和偶联剂很好地改善了纤维-树脂的界面黏结性能。     

柠檬石膏的表面改性对柠檬石膏/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

本文研究了单一和混合偶联剂表面改性的柠檬石膏对柠檬石膏/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能,结晶度,熔点的影响;结果表明:单一偶联剂表面改性的柠檬石膏使柠檬石膏/PP复合材料的拉伸强度,弯曲强度和弯曲模量较PP有不同程度提高,钛酸酯和铝酸酯偶联剂对柠檬石膏的表面改性具有较好效果。混合偶联剂表面改性的柠檬石膏使柠檬石膏/PP复合材料的冲击强度较单一偶联剂表面改性柠檬石膏填充PP的复合材料提高了34.7%,而拉伸强度,弯曲强度和弯曲模量均有一定下降。差示扫描量热(DSC)分析结果显示柠檬石膏的加入可以提高聚丙烯的结晶度,对复合材料的熔点几乎没有影响;柠檬石膏的表面改性对复合材料中PP的结晶度和熔点均没有明显影响。     

聚丙烯/竹纤维复合材料水热老化研究

竹纤维(BF)经碱处理或偶联剂处理后,将其与聚丙烯(PP)共混得到PP/BF复合材料。对该复合材料进行水热老化研究,重点考察了BF粒径、含量及改性处理对水热老化试样力学性能的影响,并且通过红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)等对水热老化后复合材料的化学结构、表面形态、热稳定性等进行了表征和测试。结果表明:随着老化时间的延长,PP/BF复合材料的力学性能出现不同程度的下降。当BF粒径为120目、含量为20%、碱处理浓度为7%时,对应的PP/BF老化试样均保持了较高的力学性能。另外,水热老化导致PP/BF复合材料的羰基数目有所增加,吸水率增大,且对复合材料断面形貌造成不同程度的破坏,但对其热稳定性影响不大。     

苎麻纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究

用偶联剂对苎麻纤维进行改性处理,研究了偶联剂处理浓度及苎麻用量对聚丙烯/苎麻增强复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着苎麻纤维用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度都随之提高,其中经偶联剂处理复合材料的力学性能提高幅度较大;偶联剂处理浓度为1%时,材料的拉伸强度最高。SEM观察发现:未经处理的苎麻纤维表面较光滑,而经偶联剂处理的苎麻纤维表面较粗糙,并黏附了聚丙烯基体,说明偶联剂的添加改善了复合体系的界面相容性,界面结合力提高。     

聚己内酯/聚乳酸/竹纤维复合材料制备及性能

以聚己内酯（PCL）和聚乳酸（PLA）共混物为基材,竹纤维（BF）作为增强材料,硅烷偶联剂为改性剂,通过模压成型制备了PCL/PLA/BF复合材料。研究了PCL和PLA质量比、BF质量分数、硅烷偶联剂用量以及模压温度对复合材料性能影响。结果表明,适宜的PCL/PLA质量比为1∶1,BF质量分数为40 %时BF/PCL/PLA复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值11.26 kJ/m2,12.68 MPa和5.2 %;硅烷偶联剂用量为1 %时复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值15.11 kJ/m2、13.15 MPa和5.8 %;模压温度为150 ℃时,复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值14.51 kJ/m2、13.75 MPa和5.8 %。     

Study on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/office waste paper fiber composites

Environment friendly composites with favorable mechanical properties and low water absorption performance were successfully produced from poly(lactic acid) (PLA), office waste paper fiber (OWF), and coupling agents. The perfect sample was easily manufactured by melting–blending and injection molding. The PLA/OWF composites were comparable with other PLA/plant fiber composites, and the results indicated that the PLA/OWF composites show better performance than PLA/wheat straw fiber composites and PLA/bamboo fiber composites. On this basis, influence of modification of OWF on the properties of composites was investigated. The infrared results show that the OWF modification by different coupling agents was successful, and the scanning electron microscopy indicates that prepared composites exhibit good interfacial compatibility due to preferable binding force between fiber and matrix. With addition of 2 wt% γ-(2,3-propylene oxides)propyl trimethylsilane, the composite exhibits high tensile strength of 58.96 MPa, reflecting increase of 14% than the pure PLA. According to the crystallization and melting performance table, OWF can act as nucleating agent to promote the crystallization properties on composites, while the coupling agents have little effect on thermal stability. This article confirmed that the OWF has appropriate properties and is suitable for preparing composite materials and this work provides a novel idea for the utilization of office waste paper.     

纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

将竹纤维加入到环氧树脂中以形成增强环氧复合材料,研究了竹纤维竹粉和纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）对环氧树脂的力学性能和耐溶剂浸蚀性能的影响。竹纤维含量为15%时,竹纤维/环氧树脂的冲击强度比纯环氧树脂提高50%。纳米SiO2能同时增强和增韧竹纤维/环氧树脂,并提高其耐溶剂浸蚀性能,纳米SiO2含量为4%时,纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂三元复合材料的冲击和拉伸强度分别比未添加纳米SiO2的竹纤维/环氧树脂提高40%和30%。当纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂的质量比为4/15/85时,三元复合材料的综合性能较好。     

短切碳纤维对聚苯腈/碳纤维复合材料性能的影响

利用碳纤维（CF）增强聚苯腈（PN）树脂制备一系列PN/CF复合材料,利用万能试验机和动态热机械分析仪（DMA）,研究短CF含量、长度与偶联剂种类对PN树脂力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用苯基三乙氧基硅烷作为偶联剂时力学性能和热稳定性达到最佳水平,相较于未经偶联剂改性PN/CF复合材料的储能模量提高了22.2%,热失重5%温度（Td5%）提高了33.1%;随着CF掺杂量的增加,材料力学性能呈现先增大后减小趋势,在0.3%（质量分数,下同）时获得了最优异力学性能,相较于PN树脂,其弯曲强度提高了38.4%,弯曲模量提升了97.7%;CF长度为6 mm时材料的弯曲强度和储能模量优于CF长度为3 mm时的材料。     

SiO2气凝胶纤维隔热复合材料的常压制备及性能表征

SiO₂气凝胶的力学性能较差,隔热性能较强,为了使其成为良好的隔热材料,本文提出一种SiO₂气凝胶纤维隔热复合材料的制备方法。以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,玻璃纤维和陶瓷纤维为增强体,硅烷偶联剂KH550和KH570为纤维处理剂,在常压条件下制备SiO₂气凝胶纤维隔热复合材料,并对材料性能进行表征。结果表明:前驱体中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)含量越高,复合材料中SiO₂气凝胶导热系数越低,低至0.028 W/(m·K);使用硅烷偶联剂KH550时,基体和纤维之间结合的紧密程度更高;纤维的加入使SiO₂气凝胶的力学性能达到很高水平;当前驱体中TEOS与CTAB摩尔比为1∶0.022时,经KH550处理的玻璃纤维/SiO₂气凝胶复合材料导热系数为0.054 W/(m·K),力学性能良好,隔热性能最优。     

High performance of bamboo‐based fiber composites from long bamboo fiber bundles and phenolic resins

Lignocellulosic materials can be used for the development of bio‐based composites. This study explores the potential of long bamboo fiber bundles extracted directly from bamboo stems using the novel mechanical method and bamboo‐based fiber composites (BFC) fabricated using long bamboo fiber bundles and phenolic resins via cold pressing and thermal cure process. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and durability of BFC were evaluated, results being compared with raw bamboo and other commercialized bamboo fiber composites. The mechanical properties of BFC reinforced with 87% (w/w) long bamboo fiber bundles increased more than 50% than those of raw bamboo and were significantly higher than those of other bamboo‐based composites. Lower water absorption and thickness swelling were obtained in the case where bamboo fiber bundles with the small fineness. Higher tensile strength was obtained in the case where bamboo fiber bundles with large sizes of bamboo fiber bundles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40371.     

Water bamboo husk‐reinforced poly(butylene succinate) biodegradable composites

The water bamboo husk is one of major agricultural wastes in Taiwan. In this study, the fiber and powder obtained from the water bamboo husk were chemically modified by coupling agents. Furthermore, the modified fiber and powder were added to the biodegradable polymer poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) separately, to form novel fiber‐reinforced composites. Morphologies, mechanical properties, and heat resistance of these water bamboo husk‐reinforced composites were investigated. The results indicate that the fibers modified by coupling agents exhibited better compatibility with the polymer matrixes than did the untreated fibers. Moreover, it is found that the thermal properties were improved as plant fiber was incorporated to those polymers. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were also increased with the addition of coupling agent‐treated fiber. On the other hand, it is found that the homogeneity of untreated powder‐containing samples is better than that of untreated fiber‐containing samples. Moreover, the results reveal that the powders modified with coupling agents were not effective in improving the mechanical properties of the reinforced PBS. This is due to the bulky structure of lignin leading to a smaller reaction ratio with the coupling agents. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 188–199, 2006     

Polyphenylene sulphide/carbon fiber composites: study on their thermal,mechanical and microscopic properties

The present study investigates the thermal, mechanical and microscopic properties of polyphenylene sulphide/carbon fiber (PPS/CF) composites by incremental number of fiber layers. The composites were prepared by hand lay-up technique followed by compression molding. A superior matrix-reinforcement adhesion was attained without the use of coupling agent and mechanical stability of the composites improved with increasing fiber layers. Transverse rupture strength and bending modulus were improved by 59.84 and 125.21 %, respectively, without loss in toughness. Impact strength and hardness values were enhanced while storage modulus, loss modulus and damping factor were dropped by increases in fiber layers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a gradual rise in thermal stability (16.84 %) of the composite as compared to pure matrix. Surface morphology and crack propagation were studied by optical microscopy. It was found that crack was propagated in a linear plane by applying load. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated steady alignment of fibers and uniform distribution of the matrix around reinforcement. Based on the obtained results, fiber layers showed great potential for enhancement of thermal and mechanical properties of the composites.     

玻纤增强PPS/MgO绝缘导热复合材料的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机将聚苯硫醚(PPS)与MgO混合挤出,同时添加玻璃纤维(GF)挤出造粒制备了玻纤增强PPS/MgO绝缘导热复合材料。研究了材料的导热性能与MgO含量的关系。研究发现,材料的热导率随MgO含量的增加而增大;GF替代部分MgO后,导热性能有所降低,但拉伸强度和冲击强度等力学性能得到提高;偶联剂用量在0.5%时可提高PPS/MgO绝缘导热复合材料的热导率。     

竹原纤维/可生物降解塑料复合材料的性能研究

通过热压成型制备了竹原纤维增强可生物降解塑料复合材料,研究了材料的力学性能、热稳定性、断裂面的微观结构等,以及复合材料的微生物降解性能。研究结果表明,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度随竹原纤维含量增加而增加,当竹原纤维质量分数为16.67%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度较纯可降解塑料分别增加46.9%和93.1%,但断裂伸长率和冲击强度随着竹原纤维含量增加而降低。复合材料的热稳定性比纯可降解塑料和竹原纤维更好。在土壤微生物的作用下,复合材料在20 d时间的降解率可达19.4%。