14Cr17Ni2钢制螺栓的断裂原因分析

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜分别观察了14Cr17Ni2钢制断裂螺栓的显微组织和断口形貌。同时,采用常规拉伸和慢应变速率拉伸试验分别对断裂螺栓的常规力学性能和氢脆敏感性进行了检测和评价。结合有限元分析,对14Cr17Ni2钢制螺栓发生断裂的原因和机理进行了探讨和分析。结果表明,14Cr17Ni2钢制螺栓的断口特征属于沿晶+穿晶准解理脆性断口,慢应变速率拉伸试验结果显示14Cr17Ni2钢制断裂螺栓存在氢致延迟断裂风险,14Cr17Ni2钢制螺栓在使用工况下发生阴极析氢型应力腐蚀现象,钢中氢含量较高。断裂螺栓基体中氢含量及有限元模拟结果侧面阐释了14Cr17Ni2钢制螺栓发生氢致延迟断裂的根本原因。     

20CrNi2Mo钢重载齿轮应用研究

针对20Cr2Ni4钢在生产中存在热处理工艺复杂、零件畸变较为严重且校正困难、材料成本较高等问题,对比研究20CrNi2Mo与20Cr2Ni4钢热处理工艺性及其热处理后的力学性能、耐磨性能、金相组织、渗层性能以及畸变情况.结果表明,采用20CrNi2Mo钢替代20Cr2Ni4钢应用于重载齿轮是可行的.     

2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN新型叶片钢高频淬火后的显微组织与疲劳性能

为提高2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN马氏体不锈钢叶片的疲劳性能,对调质处理后的叶片刃口区进行了高频淬火处理,研究了高频淬火前后2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN钢的显微组织、残余应力分布和疲劳性能。结果表明:2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN钢高频淬火后显微组织中的原奥氏体晶粒和马氏体板条束都得到细化,没有明显的析出物,而未高频淬火的马氏体有较多窄条状M3C析出。2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN叶片高频淬火区表层层深0.1 mm以内主要为压应力,应力值约在-450 MPa^-20 MPa之间,且随层深增加而减小。高频淬火态2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN钢的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值为6.75 MPa·m^1/2,高于未高频淬火态下的4.73 MPa·m^1/2,并且高频淬火态2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN钢中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率低于未高频淬火态。这表明,高频淬火处理提高了2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN马氏体不锈钢的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力和疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。     

Cu的时效行为及其对0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2Nb钢性能的影响

研究了不同时效温度下的沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2Nb的TEM组织、硬度和冲击韧性.结果表明:时效过程中,0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2N钢主要以ε-Cu相析出为主.时效温度为420℃时,Cu以细小共格ε-Cu相析出,导致0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2N钢的硬度达到峰值,而韧性最差,冲击断口以解理为主.随着时效温度增加,ε-Cu相逐步脱溶长大,基体再结晶,硬化程度逐步降低,韧性升高,冲击断口逐步过渡为全韧窝形貌.0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2Nb钢的韧性主要决定于冲击裂纹扩展功.时效组织对0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2Nb钢冲击裂纹形成功影响较小,对裂纹扩展功有着较大影响.     

Cu的时效行为及其对0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2Nb钢性能的影响

研究了不同时效温度下的沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2Nb的TEM组织、硬度和冲击韧性.结果表明时效过程中,0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2N钢主要以ε-Cu相析出为主.时效温度为420℃时,Cu以细小共格ε-Cu相析出,导致0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2N钢的硬度达到峰值,而韧性最差,冲击断口以解理为主.随着时效温度增加,ε-Cu相逐步脱溶长大,基体再结晶,硬化程度逐步降低,韧性升高,冲击断口逐步过渡为全韧窝形貌.0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2Nb钢的韧性主要决定于冲击裂纹扩展功.时效组织对0Cr14Ni5Mo2Cu2Nb钢冲击裂纹形成功影响较小,对裂纹扩展功有着较大影响.     

17Cr2Ni2Mo齿轮轴锻造工艺研究

通过控制原材料、锻造变形过程工艺参数和锻后热处理方法,满足大截面、大吨位轴类锻件的中心压实要求,保证了锻件内部质量,生产出合格的17Cr2Ni2Mo渗碳高速重载驱动齿轮轴。     

无损应力测试在17Cr2Ni2Mo钢汽车齿轮中的应用

对17Cr2Ni2Mo钢制汽车齿轮试件进行热处理、磨削加工及喷丸强化,借助无损残余应力测量设备与显微硬度测试议测试了各处理工艺下试件表层残余应力与显微硬度。结果表明,常规的渗碳淬火+回火处理工艺可保证较高的表层残余压应力与力学性能,磨削加工会恶化残余应力分布,降低疲劳性能,而喷丸强化则可彻底改变表层原始应力分布状态,有利于提高抗疲劳性能。     

17Cr2Ni2Mo钢热处理工艺探讨

为了经济、合理并满足齿轮的设计选材料要求,对17Cr2Ni2Mo钢进行工艺探讨。将17Cr2Ni2Mo钢的热处理工艺参数、工艺特性和17Cr2Ni2Mo热处理后的机械性能、渗碳质量、齿面硬度等性能进行了试验和研究。     

17Cr2Ni2Mo齿轮轴淬火应力模拟研究

为降低17Cr2Ni2Mo齿轮轴心部淬火应力,利用有限元数值模拟软件研究了化学成分、淬火条件对齿轮轴心部淬火应力的影响。结果表明:增加微量B元素、改变齿轮轴换热界面以及提高淬火介质温度的方式可以有效降低齿轮轴心部拉应力。     

矿山机械齿轮材料选择及热处理分析

针对20Cr2Ni4钢在应用中存在许多的问题与缺陷,通过分析矿山机械齿轮工况,对比研究了20Cr Ni2Mo与20Cr2Ni4钢的切削性、锻造性、渗层性能、热处理工艺、热处理变形、力学性能、抗过载能力及耐磨性能等。结果表明,采用20Cr Ni2Mo钢替代20Cr2Ni4钢应用于类似矿山机械的重载齿轮是可行的。     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.