高能反应球磨法制备Fe_3Al/α-Al_2O_3纳米复合粉体

以Fe、Al和Fe2O3粉体为原料,采用高能球磨法制备了Fe3Al/α-Al2O3纳米复合粉体,采用X射线衍射仪研究了球磨时间对粉体物相的变化规律。结果表明:以Fe、Al和Fe2O3粉体为原始材料,高能球磨250min可制备Fe3Al/α-Al2O3纳米复合粉体;在高能反应球磨过程中,Fe2O3、Al和Fe之间的反应分为3步,分别是:2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe、6Al+Fe=Al6Fe和Al6Fe+12Fe=Fe3Al。     

机械化学反应合成Fe3Al-Al2O3复合粉体

以Fe3O4粉和Al粉为原料,采用机械球磨诱发化学反应制备了Fe3Al-Al2O3纳米晶复合粉体。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和附带能量色散谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合粉体球磨过程中的固态反应过程、表面形貌进行表征。结果表明,球磨过程中,30 min后混合粉末中开始出现少量的Al2O3颗粒,1 h后大部分Fe3O4被还原,形成α-Al2O3、θ-Al2O3、Fe(Al)固溶体和FeO,另有Al剩余。球磨3 h后,大部分的θ-Al2O3转变为α-Al2O3,Fe(Al)固溶体、FeO和剩余的Al粉在机械力的作用下反应形成FeAl化合物和Fe.911O。继续球磨至5 h后,FeAl化合物和Fe.911O相互反应而完全消耗,得到Fe3Al-Al2O3复合粉体。机械力诱发的Fe3O4和Al之间的反应属于突发型反应,诱发反应的临界球磨时间约为50 min。     

表面活性剂对高能球磨Mo-Cu复合粉末形貌特征的影响

采用高能球磨法制备Cu质量分数为8％的Mo-Cu纳米复合粉末,研究了过程控制剂对复合粉末形貌特征的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析手段对复合粉末的形貌特征进行分析.结果表明,球磨后复合粉末形貌呈现层片状;在相同的球磨参数条件下,添加过程控制剂硬脂酸(SA)和液体酒精,球磨颗粒间的团聚倾向变小,团聚颗粒尺寸较小,并...     

高能球磨制备纳米WC-Co复合粉末及其SPS烧结

本文采用高能球磨法制备纳米结构WC-Co粉末,并采用放电等离子体烧结方法(SPS)对该纳米粉末进行致密化。使用X射线衍射、SEM等手段分析了高能球磨对WC-Co复合粉末中WC晶粒尺寸和粒度的影响。发现经过90h左右的高能球磨,WC-Co的粉末粒度可以达到300nm左右,而WC的晶粒尺寸可以细化到8nm左右。经过SPS烧结后,合金中的WC相的晶粒尺寸可以保持在300nm左右,而Co多以fcc结构出现。     

高能球磨Si还原CuO的固态还原反应

通过对Ｓｉ和ＣｕＯ粉末进行高能球磨制备了Ｃｕ和ＳｉＯ２的复合材料。表明了一般条件下难以进行的固态还原反应，在高能球磨时可以发生；还原产物为纳米级的Ｃｕ和非晶的ＳｉＯ２，还原反应的进程有赖于高能球磨的条件；利用高能球磨可以直接制备纳米级氧化物金属复合材料     

球磨时间对TiC-不锈钢复合粉料粒度和组织的影响

以不锈钢粉末、钛粉和碳粉为原料，通过高能球磨法在真空条件下制备了不锈钢-TiC超细复合粉末。采用X-ray、扫描电镜、透射电镜、比表面积评价等分析技术对球磨过程中粉末的微观状态进行了分析。结果表明，随着球磨时间的增加，不锈钢复合粉末逐渐细化，最终可达到纳米级。同时，钛粉和碳粉在球磨过程中反应形成TiC．并在不锈钢晶内形成TiC纳米粒子。     

高能球磨及热挤压制备亚微米结构Al基复合材料

借助高能球磨Al及5%CuO合成了纳米复合粉末,进而在退火后,通过热压和热挤制备出了组织均匀、致密、晶粒尺寸约为120 nm～150 nm的亚微米块体Al基复合材料.XRD和显微组织分析表明粉体球磨时,Al与CuO之间发生了还原反应,但生成物的热稳定性较差,在400℃退火过程中发生了与球磨时相逆的固态反应;复合粉末显微组织上的冷焊条纹其实质是球磨产生的高畸变区,退火使之逐渐消失;制备的亚微米块体复合材料主要以Al2Cu和Al2O3颗粒为增强相,室温下具有良好的压缩性能,但拉伸时表现出极大的脆性.     

高能球磨及热挤压制备亚微米结构Al基复合材料

借助高能球磨Al及5%CuO合成了纳米复合粉末,进而在退火后,通过热压和热挤制备出了组织均匀、致密、晶粒尺寸约为120 nm～150 nm的亚微米块体Al基复合材料.XRD和显微组织分析表明:粉体球磨时,Al与CuO之间发生了还原反应,但生成物的热稳定性较差,在400℃退火过程中发生了与球磨时相逆的固态反应;复合粉末显微组织上的冷焊条纹其实质是球磨产生的高畸变区,退火使之逐渐消失;制备的亚微米块体复合材料主要以Al2Cu和Al2O3颗粒为增强相,室温下具有良好的压缩性能,但拉伸时表现出极大的脆性.     

高能球磨Si还原Cu的固态还原反应

通过对Ｓｉ和ＣｕＯ粉末进行高能球磨制备了Ｃｕ和ＳｉＯ２的复合材料。表明了一般条件下难以进行的固态还原反应，在高能球磨时可以发生，还原产物为纳米级的Ｃｕ和非晶的ＳｉＯ２，还原反应的进行有整于高能球磨的条件；利用高能球磨可以直接制纳米级氧化物、金属复合材料。     

反应热处理技术制备纳米晶WC-6Co硬质合金复合粉末

对反应热处理技术（高能球磨＋热处理）合成纳米晶WC-6Co硬质合金复合粉末的可行性进行了研究。结果表明，元素粉末经球磨活化后可降低WC的形成温度；在800℃反应热处理时，复合粉末中存在WC和W2C两种碳化物；而高于950℃热处理时，W2C则完全转化为WC相。纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉末中WC的晶粒尺寸随热处理时间延长、温度的升高而增大；在950℃热处理保温30min的条件下可获得WC晶粒尺寸为33．3nm的纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉末。     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ (LNMCO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.