Isothermal Phase Transformation in Biomedical Co-29Cr-6Mo Alloy without Addition of Carbon or Nitrogen

The isothermal phase transformation behavior in a biomedical Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy without carbon or nitrogen was investigated during aging at temperatures between 973 K and 1273 K (700 °C and 1000 °C) for up to 90 ks. Transformation from the γ to the ε phase did not occur at 1273 K (1000 °C) as the γ phase was more stable than the ε phase, and the σ phase precipitated at the γ grain boundaries. At 1173 K (900 °C), a γ → ε ₁ phase transformation occurred by massive precipitation. Prolonged annealing at 1173 K (900 °C) led to a lamellar structure of ε ₂ and σ phases at ε ₁/ε ₁ boundaries by a discontinuous/cellular reaction, expressed by the reaction equation ε ₁ → ε ₂ + σ. After decreasing the aging temperature to 973 K (700 °C), transformation from the γ to the ε phase occurred mainly by isothermal martensitic transformation, but a lathlike massive ε ₁ phase and ε ₂/σ lamellar colonies were also observed at the original γ-grain boundaries. It is likely that not adding carbon results in the promotion of the massive transformation and the precipitation of the σ phase during isothermal aging in the Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy system, whose composition corresponds to the ASTM F75 standard for metallic materials for surgical implantation. The resultant isothermal transformation behavior of the present alloy is described on the basis of thermodynamic calculations using Thermo-Calc.     

Nucleation of recrystallization in a Co- Cr- Mo alloy

Incoherent twin boundaries and twin-twin intersections have been identified as nucleation sites for recrystallization in a Co-Cr-Mo alloy. The recrystallized grain is a region of hep and has a twin orientation with respect to the fee matrix in its early stages of growth. This crystallographic relationship is discussed in terms of a martensitic embryo nucleation model for the fee → hcp transformation.     

Microstructural Changes During Plastic Deformation and Corrosion Properties of Biomedical Co-20Cr-15W-10Ni Alloy Heat-Treated at 873 K

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Microstructural changes were observed during the plastic deformation of ASTM F90 Co-20Cr-15W-10Ni (mass pct) alloy heat-treated at...     

TiAl基合金超塑性变形中的位错运动

研究了结晶Ｔｉ－３３Ａｌ－３Ｃｒ－０．５Ｍｏ合金在超塑性变形过程中的位错运动。透射电镜分析结果表明,超塑性变形时,合金中存在大量位错运动,在晶界附近和晶粒内形成了位错网,并在晶界上出现位错塞积。大多数位错是从晶界及α２相粒子处发射出来的。     

超细晶粒W-Ni-Fe合金烧结收缩动力学特征

利用高温膨胀仪在氢气气氛下测定和研究了粉末平均晶粒 ≤ 150nm的W-(Ni-Fe) 10%合金在烧结过程中的膨胀-收缩动力学曲线特征、起始收缩温度、剧烈收缩温度、收缩速率与W粉的平均粒径、烧结温度、升温速度以及压坯密度的关系.结果发现超细粉末压坯开始及剧烈收缩温度分别为970℃和1240℃,最大收缩速率为gμm/℃.压坯密度愈高,合金收缩率愈低;压坯密度一定时,烧结温度愈高,合金收缩率愈大.     

形变诱导析出在SAF2205超塑组织细化中的作用

运用变形能、相变温度、原始晶粒尺寸与金属组织细化之间的关系,提出了控制σ相析出的新方法.在此基础上,用分段恒温拉伸的方法,对SAF2205钢恒温热拉伸后的性能和微观组织进行了实验研究.研究结果表明:采用变温的恒温热拉伸方法,通过快速冷却,使σ相的析出发生在变形过程中,细小、弥散分布的σ相可以抑制晶粒的长大;为了保证σ相的形变诱导析出,实现双相不锈钢的低温超塑性变形,需要采用较快的冷却速度.     

Mg-Al合金晶粒细化综述及未来展望

文章综述了Mg-Al合金中的各种细化方法,如过热法、FeCl₃、快速冷却法、合金化法以及C细化法等,阐述了Mg-Al合金各种晶粒细化方法的进展以及细化机理,为进一步开发Mg-Al合金晶粒细化技术提供参考。     

生物医用Ti-6Al-7Nb合金高温变形行为研究

为了研究用于外科植入生物材料Ti-6Al-7Nb合金的热变形行为,利用Gleeble 2000热模拟实验机对Ti-6Al-7Nb合金在750～900℃温度范围和0.001～10.000 s-1应变速率范围内进行等温热压缩实验,试验在氩气保护下进行,采用金相显微镜和透射电镜观察热变形后的组织;通过计算变形激活能分析Ti-6Al-7Nb合金在热压缩过程中的变形机制。结果表明:流变应力在经历加工硬化阶段后均表现出流变软化现象,在较低应变速率ε=0.001～0.100 s-1时,材料的软化主要受α相动态再结晶影响;而在较高应变速率ε=1～10 s-1时,材料基本不发生再结晶,其软化是由于钛合金在变形过程中的绝热效应造成的。通过Arrhenius方程计算出合金在750,800,850和900℃下的变形激活能分别为209.25,196.01,194.01和130.40 kJ.mol-1;在750～850℃下的激活能接近于α-Ti的自扩散激活能(200 kJ.mol-1),表明在750～850℃的变形由α-Ti自扩散参与的动态再结晶控制;在900℃下激活能略低于β-Ti的自扩散激活能(160 kJ.mol-1),说明在900℃下的变形机制由β相的动态回复控制。综合考虑变形行为与组织细化因素,温度在750～850℃,变形速率在0.01～0.10 s-1范围为良性热加工区域。     

合金元素对快速冷却过程中用大形变加工晶粒超细化行为的影响

1　序言最近对低碳 (C)钢的铁素体 (α)晶粒超细化的研究很活跃。在试验室规模小试样研究中 ,获得了晶粒直径 1μm的超细晶粒铁素体 (F)组织。这些晶粒细化方法不同于相变和再结晶。若将其详细分类 ,相变法包括 1 )在超过冷奥氏体 (γ)状态的加工和相变、2 )动的 F相变、3)在 (γ+α)二相区域的加工和相变 ,都是以 1个道次强压下和利用了在低温奥氏体 (A)区域加工作为共同特点的 ,再结晶法则成功利用 1 )马氏体 (M)、2 )贝氏体 (B)强压下后的再结晶研制出了超细晶粒 F组织。在超细晶粒组织的指导原理不断被发现的过程中 ,最近的研究方向…     

碳质孕育法对AZ91合金的晶粒细化研究

研究了不同添加量、不同孕育温度、不同孕育时间时,C2Cl6对AZ91合金的晶粒细化效果,对碳质孕育法的细化机制进行了讨论与分析.结果表明,C2Cl6的细化效果随着添加量的增加而增加,但当其添加量超过0.1%时,晶粒细化效果变化不大;C2Cl6的细化效果随着孕育温度的升高而增加,当孕育温度超过740℃时,晶粒细化效果变化不大;但是C2Cl6的细化效果基本不受孕育时间的影响.C2Cl6细化效果的变化表明,碳质孕育法的细化机制更有可能与碳的溶解有关,而与碳、铝反应生成Al4C3异质晶核的假设关联不大.     

铝合金管材晶粒度的细化研究

通过控制6063管材截面晶粒尺寸,来满足某高端汽车客户标准中100μm的晶粒尺寸要求;从铸棒的均质制度、模具设计方式、挤压工艺三个方面进行优化控制,通过高倍显微镜、电导率和布氏硬度等检测方法进行深入分析.结果表明,铸棒采用高温短时的均质制度,模具减少前室的设计方法,挤压工艺使用低温快速的挤压方式,成功生产出符合高端汽车...     

Grain Refinement of an Extruded Mg Alloy via Na Microalloying

The effect of 0.3 wt pct Na on the microstructure of extruded alloy Mg-2Sn-1Zn is examined. We report that Na stabilizes the Mg₂Sn phase, resulting in its precipitation during extrusion under conditions where a solid solution is otherwise expected. This effect appears to be thermodynamic in nature and is different from the kinetic enhancement of low- temperature aging reported by Mendis et al. [Phil. Mag. Letters, 86 (2006), 443]. The precipitates of the current study enable useful refinement of the grain size.     

回火时间对0．16C－10Ni－14Co－1Cr－1Mo钢和0．23C－12Ni－14Co－3Cr－1Mo钢组织与性能的影响

研究了０．１６Ｃ－１０Ｎｉ－１４Ｃｏ－１Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ（１６ＮｉＣｏ）钢在５１０℃和０．２３℃－１２Ｎｉ－１４Ｃｏ－３Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ（２３ＮｉＣｏ）钢在４８２℃回火的组织与性能。随回火时间的延长，强度、硬度的降低主要是由于Ｍ_２Ｃ的粗化及与基体共格性降低所致。Ｍ_２Ｃ的粗化速度２３ＮｉＣｏ钢要小于１６ＮｉＣｏ钢。     

粗晶Mg-3Gd-1Zn合金高温压缩变形过程中的动态再结晶

研究了粗晶Mg-3Gd-1Zn合金在723 ～823 K,应变速率0.100 ～0.001s-1条件下单轴压缩变形过程中的动态再结晶行为.研究结果表明,其热压缩曲线为典型的动态再结晶型,峰值流变应力和稳态流变应力随温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大;在该实验温度范围内其变形激活能约为140 kJ·mol-1;再结晶晶粒尺寸lnd与lnZ参数偏离线性关系,且变形温度对再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响比应变速率更大.利用金相和电子背散射技术(EBSD)对773 K,0.010 s-1条件下压缩不同变形量的Mg-3Gd-1Zn合金进行了组织表征,发现其动态再结晶大都发生在孪晶界及其与原始晶界的交叉处,主要为孪生诱发动态再结晶形核(TDRX)机制.再结晶形核初期形状不规则,晶界倾向于呈直角,随着应变量的增大,由于晶界的局部迁移,再结晶晶粒逐渐转变为稳定的等轴晶.     

NiAl-31Cr-3Mo合金高温氧化性能研究

研究了NiAl-31Cr-3Mo合金在1250～1500 K空气中的氧化行为.实验结果表明:在实验温度范围内,合金的氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律;氧化过程中合金表面生成了以а-Al2O3为主的氧化膜,并且含有Cr2O3.采用扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了氧化产物的微观组织及{连成,并从合金的相组成探讨了NiAl-31Cr-3Mo合金的氧化机制.     

Refinement of Ferrite Grain Size near the Ultrafine Range by Multipass, Thermomechanical Compression

Plane-strain compression testing was carried out on a Nb-Ti-V microalloyed steel, in a GLEEBLE3500 simulator using a different amount of roughing, intermediate, and finishing deformation over the temperature range of 1373?K to 1073?K (1100?°C to 800?°C). A decrease in soaking temperature from 1473?K to 1273?K (1200?°C to 1000?°C) offered marginal refinement in the ferrite (??) grain size from 7.8 to 6.6???m. Heavy deformation using multiple passes between A _e3 and A _r3 with true strain of 0.8 to 1.2 effectively refined the ?? grain size (4.1 to 3.2???m) close to the ultrafine size by dynamic-strain-induced austenite (??) ?? ferrite (??) transformation (DSIT). The intensities of microstructural banding, pearlite fraction in the microstructure (13?pct), and fraction of the harmful ??cube?? texture component (5?pct) were reduced with the increase in finishing deformation. Simultaneously, the fractions of high-angle (>15?deg misorientation) boundaries (75 to 80?pct), beneficial gamma-fiber (ND//??111??) texture components, along with {332}??133?? and {554}??225?? components were increased. Grain refinement and the formation of small Fe₃C particles (50- to 600-nm size) increased the hardness of the deformed samples (184 to 192?HV). For the same deformation temperature [1103?K (830?°C)], the difference in ??-grain sizes obtained after single-pass (2.7???m) and multipass compression (3.2???m) can be explained in view of the static- and dynamic-strain-induced ?? ?? ?? transformation, strain partitioning between ?? and ??, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of the deformed ??, and ??-grain growth during interpass intervals.