冷作模具钢表面TD处理强化技术

介绍了冷作模具钢表面TD处理技术,分析了硼砂盐浴碳化物层法、中性盐盐浴被覆层碳化物层法、混合盐浴被覆碳化物层法、低温氯化物盐浴被覆碳化物层法等表面强化机理及特点,对影响冷作模具钢TD处理的关键工艺因素进行了探讨。分析了目前TD处理的存在问题,提出了应用ANSYS有限元模拟TD处理VC覆层生长应力场的研究方向,有利于提高其结合强度和疲劳寿命。     

碳化物增强金属基激光熔覆层制备技术现状研究

碳化物是金属涂层中的强化相,它的形态、尺寸、含量等参数对熔覆层的性能影响十分显著.而这些参数又和碳化物增强金属基熔覆层的制备方式(碳化物引入方式)密切相关.综述了碳化物增强金属基激光熔覆层制备技术的研究现状,分析了碳化物"外加法""原位合成法""复合引入法"对激光熔覆涂层的影响.     

一种多元中合金高碳钢的预处理工艺对碳化物转变及形貌的影响

用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、定量金相法研究了Cr-W-Mo-V中合金高碳钢的预处理工艺对碳化物转变及形貌的影响.结果表明,该钢退火组织具有多种碳化物,诸如M3C、M23C6、M7C3、M6C、MC.在820～860 ℃退火的碳化物形貌与退火前状态有很大关系,存在分散的颗粒状碳化物和层状分布的短棒状碳化物,还有层状珠光体组织;在800 ℃加热保温于680～720 ℃等温退火可获得均匀球化组织.不同预处理工艺的碳化物形貌与碳化物转变有关,其变化规律可用相平衡热力学计算来解释.     

高速钢中碳化相的恒电位单相显示

利用恒电位浸蚀与伏安法研究了高速钢中碳化物相Ｍ６Ｃ，ＭＣ，Ｍ２３Ｃ６１（Ｍ７Ｃ３）的单相浸蚀条件。它可作这些碳化物观察和鉴定。     

瞬时变质处理对高铬铸铁组织和性能的影响

对高铬铸铁铁液分别用包底冲入法和瞬时变质处理两种方法进行变质处理.结果表明,瞬时变质处理能有效地抑制衰退发生,显著细化碳化物,进一步改善碳化物类型,使碳化物更加弥散地分布在基体中.同时,瞬时变质处理在一定程度上降低残余奥氏体量,从而有利于提高高铬铸铁的性能.瞬时变质处理和包底冲入法变质处理相比,高铬铸铁的硬度提高5%,冲击韧性提高14%,相对耐磨性提高22%.     

高速钢中相含量的定量X射线测定

本文用X射线衍射法测定了一组不同热处理制度下高速钢中残留奥氏体和碳化物等相的含量,并与背散射X光穆斯堡尔法测得的残留奥氏体量以及定量金相法测出的碳化物量等进行了比较。从实验中得到,用X射线衍射法可以同时精确地测出高碳高合金钢中各相的含量。     

热处理对烧结Fe-Cr-C-Ni-W合金组织的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了Fe-Cr-C-Ni-W合金,研究并分析了热处理工艺中去稳温度、去稳时间和回火温度对合金显微组织的影响。结果表明,热处理态合金组织为少量马氏体+碳化物(初生碳化物和二次碳化物)+残余奥氏体;在900和950℃条件下,随保温时间的延长二次碳化物析出量分别增加和减少,硬度值呈先增大后减小趋势。1000℃条件下二次碳化物量最少,硬度值最低。此合金的最佳热处理工艺为:950℃×1 h+200℃×1 h,硬度为58.4 HRC。     

Cr系白口铸铁的相间腐蚀机理及其电化学行为

应用定向凝固技术制备了Ｃｒ系白口铸铁,采用萃取法制备碳化物试样,用失重法测得腐蚀速率,并通过电化学法探讨Ｃｒ系白口铸铁在腐蚀介质中的相间腐蚀机理,结果表明：⑴Ｃｒ系白口铸铁在腐蚀介质中存在严重的相间腐蚀,相间腐蚀失重率占合金总体育馆２失重率的一半以上;⑵碳化物的电化学行为不同于合金和基体,一直处于自钝化状态,Ｍ７Ｃ３型碳化物比Ｍ３Ｃ型更耐蚀,更稳定;⑶碳化物与基体两相间的腐蚀电位差是相间腐蚀的驱动     

10MoWVNb钢中相间沉淀碳化物的电镜观察

在含强烈形成碳化物元素的低碳钢的γ→α转变过程中,合金碳化物常常呈现线列状形态。Honeycombe及其合作者研究了一系列三元合金钢,提出了这类碳化物“相间沉淀”机制,并运用薄晶体透射电镜法,采取具有大倾转角的试样台将渐次分布在二维界面上的碳化物相对于入射电子束倾斜,使碳化物表现出二维带状特征。Purdy在超高压透射电镜中,对1%Mo,0.4%C钢进行了原位动态观察,进一步证实     

镍基高温合金快速凝固粉末颗粒中MC型碳化物相的研究

对等离子旋转电极雾化（PREP）法制备的FGH95镍基高温合金粉末中碳化物的形态、结构、成分及其稳定性进行了实验研究,分析了粉末颗粒凝固过程中的热学参数和非平衡溶质分配对碳化物形成过程的影响．结果表明：快速凝固FGH95合金粉末中亚稳MC型碳化物形态的几何完整度随粉末颗粒尺寸减小由规则形态向复杂形态变化,不同尺寸粉末颗粒中碳化物的形态和数量决定于凝固过程中热学参数的变化和非平衡溶质分配系数的不同．亚稳MC型碳化物在加热作用下发生分解及合金元素再分配,其形态由复杂形状为主转变为规则形态的稳定MC型碳化物．     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.