PE-UHMW/PE-LD层合板损伤声发射信号频率特征研究

为揭示聚乙烯自增强复合材料(PE-UHMW/PE-LD)不同损伤模式的声发射信号频率特征,通过对基体、单纤维复合材料、90°单向板+45°/-45°层合板的拉伸破坏,分别诱导产生基体损伤、纤维断裂、纤维/基体界面损伤和层间损伤的AE信号,并和非损伤AE信号(环境噪声、断铅模拟)频率特征进行对比。实验结果表明,非损伤AE信号和损伤AE信号之间均具有不同的峰值频率和频率分布特征。     

基于压电效应的纤维高性能混凝土损伤监测研究

以纤维掺量为变量制作48个混凝土试件,压电陶瓷传感器作为信号激励器和信号接收器置于混凝土试件表面。基于压电效应对玄武岩-聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土(BPHPC)的损伤进行实时监测。通过对单掺、混掺纤维混凝土的压电应力波信号进行分析,得到基于小波包分析法的损伤指数(DI),并拟合出纤维掺量-荷载-DI的函数关系。结果表明:通过外观损伤状态和压电应力波信号变化定性评价试件的健康状态,纤维的掺入能够降低混凝土的外观损伤程度;单掺纤维混凝土的试件应力波信号幅值比混掺纤维混凝土试件大;玄武岩纤维体积掺量为0.15%、聚丙烯纤维体积掺量为0.10%时试件的DI最小,当DI超过0.8时,可以认为试件被完全破坏;试验数据和试验现象吻合良好,通过压电陶瓷实时监测BPHPC损伤有较高的可行性。     

纤维轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤模型研究

选用钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维及混杂纤维掺入轻骨料混凝土进行抗冻性试验.对冻融循环试验结果研究,提出基于动弹性模量衰减的纤维轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤模型.比较发现模型采用直线方程与一元二次方程的分段型数学模型拟合精度高.并根据损伤理论分析掺入不同纤维对轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤速度的影响,结果说明掺人混杂纤维优于聚丙烯纤维及钢纤维.     

纤维缠绕压力容器表面损伤试验研究

通过制作纤维缠绕标准容器试样,并对部分试样表面纤维制作人工损伤,与标准容器试样比较爆破压力,并进行有限元分析、研究其破坏机理,对强度影响程度进行评估。结果表明：表面纤维损伤会造成压力容器在应力水平较低情况下局部发生层间剪切破坏,损伤容器爆破强度平均值降低22．4％,损伤修复后的容器爆破强度降低12．2％。     

复合材料层合板损伤容限敏感性参数研究

本文针对碳纤维增强复合材料层合板冲击下的损伤容限参数敏感性进行分析.对复合材料层合板损伤容限的影响参数、纤维角度、铺层顺序、层合板厚度、冲击速度和冲击角度等进行冲击损伤仿真,采用蔡-吴强度准则评价层合板冲击的剩余强度,并对各参数影响的敏感性排序,确定纤维角度和铺层顺序为复合材料层合板冲击下损伤容限的敏感参数.     

腰鼓型密炼机转子的混合特性及其对碳纤维残存长度的影响

针对碳纤维（CF）增强硅橡胶复合材料的特点,提出了一种新型腰鼓型转子,并运用数值模拟软件对其混合特性和对复合材料中CF长度的影响进行了表征,并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明,转子构型、转子转速、混合时间是影响纤维残存长度的主要因素;其中,DRI型转子对纤维的损伤较大,随着转速和混合时间增加,纤维损伤增加,残存长度减小。     

风电叶片复合材料在三点弯曲过程中的声发射研究

为研究风电叶片复合材料损伤破坏的声发射特性以及复合材料的力学性能,对含有纤维预断试件和无纤维预断的完好试件分别进行了三点弯曲力学性能试验,并在加载过程中采用声发射检测仪实时监测整个损伤破坏过程。对采集到的声发射信号处理分析,便可获得风电叶片复合材料的弯曲力学性能和损伤破坏的声发射特性。试验结果表明:玻璃纤维复合材料在弯曲载荷作用下出现典型的破坏特征包括纤维断裂、纤维/基体脱胶和纤维分层。纤维预断试件的声发射信号波形最高幅度达到2.5 V,频带分布在20~300 k Hz范围;无纤维预断试件的声发射信号波形最高幅度为0.07 V,频带分布在10~180 k Hz之间。     

青藏高原地区纤维混凝土抗冻耐久性试验与损伤模型研究

为研究青藏高原环境条件下不同纤维混凝土的抗冻耐久性及冻融损伤演化规律，本研究依托西藏那曲地区某混凝土道路工程，对普通纤维混凝土(NC)、冲磨纤维混凝土(CM)以及膨胀纤维混凝土(PZ)进行了冻融循环试验和相关力学测试，在试验研究的基础上，提出了适用于高原低气压环境下的冻融损伤模型。研究结果表明，从冻融循环试验结果来看，冲磨纤维混凝土(CM)抗冻耐久性最佳，三种纤维混凝土抗冻耐久性排序为CM>NC>PZ。针对本文建立的冻融损伤模型和基于该模型的抗折强度预测方程，采用青藏高原地区某高速工程项目的高寒引气混凝土测试数据进行了验证，冻融后的抗折强度试验值与预测值变化趋势相近且基本吻合。因此，本文建立的青藏高原抗折强度冻融损伤模型是合理且可行的。     

长纤维增强热塑性塑料加工和应用的最新进展

本文对长纤维增强热塑性塑料的性能特点,注塑成型用设备、影响纤维损伤的注塑工艺参数、浇口和喷嘴结构、主要应用领域及发展前景等进行了综述。     

FRP层合板低速冲击损伤特性研究现状与展望

纤维增强复合材料层合板(FRP)由于具有比强度高、比模量高、可设计性强等特性,在工程领域得到越来越广泛的应用。但是低速冲击造成的损伤对层合板力学性能的影响非常显著,导致其强度和刚度下降。本文针对近年来纤维增强复合材料层合板低速冲击作用下的损伤研究进行了综述和回顾,重点介绍了试验研究方法、模拟计算研究方法、FRP层合板损伤性能表征方法,并对有待于进一步研究的问题进行了展望。     

Factors influencing the tensile properties of ramie

Many investigators have claimed that tensile breakage of native cellulose fibers occurs primarily by repture of covalent bonds in the cellulose molecules rather than by chain slippage resulting from repture of such interchain bonds as hydrogen bonds. This claim has been made partly on the basis of a comparison of tensile properties of ramie fiber and of the fully esterified counterpart. This comparison indicated that the breaking load of ramie was similar to that of the fully esterified fiber. In studying the tensile properties of ramie fiber and of fully acetylated ramie fiber, we found that the degree of polymerization of the fiber was lowered during the acetylation process. Also, it was evident that both degree of polymerization and degree of crystallinity are important factors to be considered when comparing the tensile strength of native cellulose fibers and their acetylated counterparts. Although the primary cause of tensile breakage of native cellulose fibers may be due to chain scission rather than to chain slippage, it is difficult to claim supporting evidence for this theory from studies made so for on the tensile properties of esterified ramie fibers.     

钢化玻璃自爆机理的新发现——单质硅微粒引裂

通过对6块玻璃自爆残片的电镜观察和成分分析,发现并证明了引起钢化玻璃自爆的主要原因不仅仅是传统认识中的硫化镍(NiS)微粒,很多情况是由单质硅微粒引起的.进一步对单质硅微粒引起自爆的力学机理进行了分析和有限元模拟.结果显示:由于单质硅微粒周边玻璃的切向应力过大从而引起局部拉伸破坏并导致整体破裂,降温过程可以使这种应力增加并加大破裂危险.     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯/羊毛混纺纱的拉伸性能

采用测试分析和三元件力学模型模拟,系统地探讨了聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)/羊毛混纺纱线的拉伸性能。与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)/羊毛混纺纱相比,PTT/羊毛混纺纱在整个拉伸过程中表现出较低的拉伸模量,纱线的断裂强力约为PET/羊毛混纺纱的2/3,断裂伸长率为PET/羊毛混纺纱的1.4倍。三元件力学模型能够很好地模拟PTT/羊毛和PET/羊毛混纺纱的拉伸曲线。     

The Effect of Cotton Yarn Properties on Yarn End Breakage

Abstract

In this work the effect of cotton yarn properties on yarn end breakage was investigated. The yarn nominal linear densities were 20, 25 and 36 tex and each of them, had three levels of twists. Following yarn properties were investigated: linear density, twists, tensile strength, elongation at break and irregularity. Standard methods were applied to determine these yarn properties and hronometric method for yarn end breakage was used. It was only the yarn linear density, among all yarn properties, that showed significant correlation with yarn end breakage (-0,75 to -0,96). It was shown that about 80% of all yarn end breakage are occurred in places with fineness lower than average cross section of the yarn that point out that the thin places of the yarn are inclined to breaking. Also, the mutuality effect of geometrical characteristics and physical-mechanical properties of the yarn on end breakage was investigated.     

内外片温差作用下真空玻璃应力与变形分析

内外片温差导致的真空玻璃应力和变形是真空玻璃破裂重要因素之一.基于理论和ANSYS热结构直接耦合数值模拟分析,计算了内外片温差作用下的真空玻璃应力和变形,分析了温差作用下影响真空玻璃破裂因素.结果表明,当真空玻璃内外片存在温差时,真空玻璃产生的球面弯曲曲率半径与玻璃基片的厚度成正比,与玻璃基片的线膨胀系数及内外片温差成反比,与真空玻璃的长、宽尺寸无关;温差作用下导致的真空玻璃球面弯曲挠度及边缘弯曲挠度与真空玻璃长、宽尺寸及弯曲半径成正比,最大边缘弯曲挠度发生在长边中点处;温差作用下真空玻璃的最大拉应力与真空玻璃的基片厚度及长宽尺寸均无关,说明无论真空玻璃尺寸大小如何,均有可能会因温差作用产生破裂;真空玻璃应用过程中,因装配约束作用,增大了温差作用下的真空玻璃边缘拉应力,且最大拉应力分布在边角部位,从而造成了真空玻璃在接近于边角处破裂.     

Study of the effect of regrinding on the cumulative damage to the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced nylon 66

An experimental study of the tensile strength of nylon 66 regrind, with and without short-fiber reinforcement, is reported. For nylon 66 without reinforcement, a uniform increase in tensile strength has been observed with increasing number of moldings. This is due to a further condensation reaction which occurs during molding. For short fiber-reinforced nylon 66 composite, the tensile strength decreases with increasing number of moldings, which is attributed to the cumulative breakage of fiber length through mechanical working. A model based on fiber length analysis is proposed, and the semiempirical equation can be used to predict experimental results and balance cost–end use properties.     

Characterization of the weak link of wool fibers

The variance of fiber morphology along a fiber and the natural and artificial flaws in the fiber structure represent the primary reasons for the weak link of fibers. Accordingly, the fiber weak link can be divided into two types, that is, the geometrical thinnest part and the structural weak point. Scanning electron microscopic observation was used to characterize the morphological features of the fiber weak points whose forms are the normal thin sections, natural flaws, and artificial damage. Both the fiber profile morphology and the tensile behavior of wool fibers have been measured using a single‐fiber analyzer (SIFAN) and an optical microscope with a CCD camera plus an XQ‐1 fiber tensile tester (OM + XQ). The results from the SIFAN and OM+XQ methods indicate that the fibers breaking at their minimum diameters represent only one part of the broken fibers. The percentage of this kind of breakage is in the range of 40–60%. A new approach is presented to identify the weak‐point breakage relying on the fiber tensile behavior. The experimental results show that the probabilities of weak‐point, normal, and thinnest‐part breakage evaluated by these methods approximate 40, 60, and slightly more than 80%, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1206–1212, 2003     

高密度聚乙烯熔纺纤维的拉伸工艺

相对分子质量为１４万的高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）通过螺杆挤出机熔纺成形,然后经过高温超拉伸可制成强度为９．７ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ的中强聚乙烯纤维。讨论了拉伸温度、拉伸比对纤维力学性能的影响,并通过声速取向、热分析（ＤＳＣ）、广角Ｘ射线衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）和纤维力学性能的测试研究了拉伸过程中聚乙烯纤维结构与性能的变化。结果表明：拉伸温度对纤维稳定拉伸影响较大,最佳温度为１０５～１１５℃;且初生纤维的纤度越小,高倍拉伸纤维强度越大,随拉伸倍数的提高,纤维的强度和声速取向都显著提高并改善了纤维的热性能和力学性能,但断裂伸长却呈下降趋势。     

均苯四甲酸酐固化聚丁二烯环氧树脂胶粘剂的研究

采用均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)固化聚丁二烯环氧树脂(ELPB),制备了ELPB/PMDA耐高温胶粘剂,并使用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、拉力机和数码显微镜对固化产物的性能进行了表征。实验结果表明,在200℃固化2h的条件下,PMDA可以对ELPB成功地固化;固化后的胶粘剂具有良好的耐热性能,其失重3%时的分解温度为300℃;该胶粘剂对铝/铝合金的粘接强度达到15MPa;剪切破坏是以内聚破坏为主的混合破坏,表明该胶粘剂对金属有较好的粘接性能。     

Experimental study on critical breakage stress of float glass with different thicknesses under conditions with temperatures of 25 and 200°C

The objective of this study is to directly measure the critical breakage stress for glass through mechanical tensile experiments based on MTS 810 apparatus. Two series of experiments were, respectively, conducted under the condition with a room temperature (25°C) and a hot environment (200°C) for float glass. The results show that the critical breakage stresses of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm float glass are, respectively, 74, 127, 158 and 198% larger than that of 4 mm float glass under the condition with a room temperature (25°C). Similarly, the critical breakage stresses of 6, 10 and 12 mm float glass are, respectively, 29, 72 and 93% larger than 4 mm glass in the hot environment (200°C). In addition, through the comparison between the two series of experiments, it suggests that the critical breakage stresses of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm thick float glass in a hot environment are, respectively, 7, 48, 16 and 19% smaller than that in a room temperature. It is suggested that the measured critical breakage stress of float glass here is relatively smaller than those in the previous measurements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.