楔横轧件螺旋痕产生原因研究

楔横轧的工艺特点决定,在轧制过程中经常会在轧件已轧表面产生带倾斜角的螺旋状凹痕缺陷.为探讨楔横轧轧件表面螺旋痕的起因问题,利用数值模拟质点跟踪技术找出楔横轧轧件表面螺旋痕开始出现的位置是在变形接触区外;通过分析轧件变形区应力分布及金属流动,发现在与轧辊斜楔尖部接触的轧件外层受轴向压应力,螺旋痕处与相邻区域的径向压应力差...     

工艺参数对楔横轧接触区表面应力的影响分析

为深入探明楔横轧接触区变形规律，实现零件楔横轧近终成形，采用有限元数值方法模拟楔横轧轧制过程，获得稳定轧制过程中的接触区的面力和位移，进而求出轧制接触区表面应力。在此基础上，较详细地分析了展宽角、成形角和断面收缩率三个主要工艺参数对接触区表面应力的影响规律，并对所建立的有限元计算模型进行了实验验证。研究结果对合理选择楔横轧工艺参数以及实现零件的精确成形具有重要的现实意义和应用价值。     

楔横轧二次楔轧制大断面收缩率的应力应变场分析

利用有限元软件DEFORM-3D,基于三雏刚塑性的有限元理论,对大断面收缩率轴类零件成形过程成功地进行了楔横轧二次楔轧制成形的数值模拟,模拟所得的轧件形状与实际零件基本相同,给出了楔横轧二次楔轧制过程的应力应变分布等重要信息。模拟结果表明：二次楔轧制大断面收缩率轴类零件的心部发生了很大变形;二次楔轧制中间横截面受的横拉应力时间较长、值较大,所以轧件中心更容易产生内部缺陷。     

楔横轧多楔轧制光轴表面光滑程度规律研究

楔横轧多楔成形光轴类零件时,内外楔之间轧件的过渡段形状为由外楔楔入段轧制而成的斜台阶,通过有限元模拟和轧制实验,对不同过渡角下多楔轧制光轴表面光滑程度进行分析,得到过渡角对楔横轧多楔轧制光轴表面光滑程度影响规律。研究结果为楔横轧多楔精密成形长轴类零件提供了理论指导。     

工艺参数对多楔轧件接口质量的影响规律

楔横轧多楔成形工艺是生产长轴类零件的先进方法,但生产过程中模具工艺参数对轧件接口质量的影响比较复杂。根据楔横轧多楔模具的工艺特点,建立多楔轧制长轴类零件的三维有限元模型。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元模拟软件,在不同模具工艺参数下对多楔轧制过程进行了有限元模拟,得到模具工艺参数对轧件接口质量的影响规律。在与模拟工艺参数相同的条件下进行轧制试验,试验结果和模拟结果一致。通过对理论模拟和轧制试验获得结果的分析,得到工艺参数中过渡角对轧件的接口质量影响最大、展宽角对轧件接口质量影响最小的结论。综合考虑各工艺参数的影响,给出保证轧件接口质量良好的过渡角选择范围。研究结果为多楔成形长轴类零件的模具设计提供理论依据和参考。     

楔尖圆角对楔横轧4Cr9Si2气门成形影响分析

借助刚塑性有限元软件DEFORM-3D针对4Cr9Si2马氏体耐热钢楔横轧成形过程进行有限元数值模拟,得到楔横轧工艺参数——楔尖圆角对楔横轧4Cr9Si2马氏体耐热钢轧件对称中心的心部缺陷以及轧件表面的表面螺旋痕和对称中心横截面拉细的影响规律：随着楔尖圆角的增大,轧件表面径向力的数值得到减小,从而使横楔轧轧件表面螺旋痕将会明显减小;当楔尖圆角增大后,轧件心部横向应力σy和切应力τxy的持续时间将增加,同时,楔横轧轧件心部第一主应力σ1的方向将会发生改变,使轧件心部金属朝横向y方向流动,从而增加了楔横轧轧件心部缺陷产生的可能性;楔尖圆角增大,轧件轴向力Fz的数值将会减少,从而能够改善对称中心横截面拉细状况。进行4Cr9Si2马氏体钢的楔横轧轧制试验,验证有限元模拟结果的可靠性,并通过增大展宽角获得合格的轧件。     

楔横轧楔入段端面移动量规律

楔横轧多楔轧制是内楔和外楔同时对轧件进行径向压下、轴向延伸的塑性成形.随着交通运输业的飞速发展,火车轴、汽车半轴等长轴类零件的需求量与日俱增,采用楔横轧多楔工艺成形长轴类零件,具有显著节省辊面、减小设备体积、生产效率高、节材、降低成本等优点.为了充分发挥多楔显著节省辊面的优点,保持内外楔同时起楔,就必须要准确弄清楔入段移动量的变化规律.采用弹塑性有限形变有限元数值方法,根据实际工况模拟楔横轧轧制过程,分析楔入段移动量的变化规律,详细阐述各工艺参数对移动量的影响规律,并与试验测试结果进行比较,得到楔入段端面移动量的变化和影响规律.研究结果为楔横轧多楔同步轧制模具设计提供了重要的理论依据,进一步完善了楔横轧多楔轧制理论.     

楔横轧轧件滚动半径变化规律的试验研究

楔横轧轧制成形过程中轧件的滚动半径是楔横轧模具设计和进行工艺分析的基本参数之一,它反映了轧辊与轧件的相对运动关系,对非圆截面轴类零件如发动机凸轮轴等模具辊形曲线设计具有重要影响.通过轧制试验,得到楔横轧轧制过程中轧件滚动半径的变化规律和各种工艺参数的影响规律.结果表明:楔入段轧件滚动半径要大于原始坯料尺寸且随着轧制进行逐渐减小;到展宽段保持稳定;进入轧齐后,随着模具楔面抬高,其值逐渐减小,精整段约等于轧件轧后尺寸.展宽角和成形角越大,轧件滚动半径越大;断面收缩率影响规律比较复杂,当断面收缩率小于一定值时,随断面收缩率增大而增大,当断面收缩率大于一定值时,随断面收缩率增大而减小;坯料直径表现为辊径比越大,轧件滚动半径越靠近原始坯料尺寸内侧;轧制温度对轧件滚动半径的影响较小,而模具楔面刻痕状态影响较大.     

楔横轧多楔成形汽车半轴工艺可行性分析

分析多楔成形长轴类零件时内/外楔对接段的各种形状及其优缺点,建立了楔横轧多楔成形汽车半轴的三维有限元模型.通过选取合理的轧制工艺,模拟楔横轧多楔轧制汽车半轴的过程,获得了内/外楔之间过渡光滑的汽车半轴.结果表明:楔横轧多楔成形汽车半轴工艺是可行的,该研究为多楔成形半轴的模具设计提供了理论依据.     

轧辊直径对楔横轧大型轴类件应力应变影响分析

合理选择轧辊直径是楔横轧成形大型轴类件的重要技术指标,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件,对楔横轧轧制大型轴类件进行模拟,分析轧辊直径对楔横轧大型轴类件应力应变影响规律,阐明轧辊直径对于楔横轧大型轴类件轧件质量的影响程度,研究结果为实现大型轴类件楔横轧经济化生产提供理论依据.     

Photoelastic study of the influence of oil film on contact stresses

The paper describes some experiments, the object of which was to determine the stress distribution at a contact surface or below of it. Plastic and glass cylinders were rolled on the inner surface of a hardened steel ring under dry and lubricated conditions. The ring and the cylinder were driven by separate motors to enable rolling and sliding contact.     

预滚压对含缺陷轮轨材料滚动接触疲劳性能的影响

对含缺陷的未预滚压和预滚压车轮钢试样分别进行滚动接触疲劳试验,观察表面缺陷的形貌变化过程,分析预滚压和缺陷尺寸对轮轨材料滚动接触疲劳性能的影响。通过有限元方法分析缺陷附近材料的应力状态,通过多轴疲劳模型分析缺陷尺寸对滚动接触疲劳裂纹萌生规律的影响。试验结果表明:由于表层材料的塑性变形,未滚压车轮试样的缺陷尺寸随滚动周次的增加而减小;超过一定周次后,由于塑性变形不再累积,缺陷尺寸基本保持不变;预滚压处理通过减小表层材料的塑性变形,可抑制缺陷尺寸的减小,从而降低车轮试样的疲劳寿命;缺陷尺寸的增加会进一步降低预滚压试样的疲劳寿命;在油润滑条件下,预滚压和表面缺陷对车轮材料摩擦磨损性能没有显著影响。仿真结果表明,当缺陷尺寸从200μm增加至400μm,最大剪应力幅值从缺陷底部转移至缺陷中部,疲劳裂纹萌生位置也随之改变。     

模具曲面加工后置处理程序的开发

针对模具工业广泛应用的FANUC数控系统,开发了基于Ⅰ-DEAS软件的后置处理程序,实现了模具曲面的自动编程.文中主要介绍了后置处理程序的编写思路.     

Research and industrialization of near-net rolling technology used in shaft parts

Shaft part rolling is an efficient and green nearnet shaping technology offering many advantages, including high production efficiency, high material utilization rate, high product quality, and excellent production environment. In this paper, the features of shaft part rolling are introduced along with the working principles of two main shaft part rolling technologies, namely, cross wedge rolling (CWR) and skew rolling (SR). In relation to this technology, some R&D achievements gained by the University of Science and Technology Beijing are summarized. Finally, the latest developments in shaft part rolling are presented, including SR steel balls, precise forming of camshaft blank by CWR, SR phosphorous copper balls at room temperature, and CWR hollow axle sleeve. Although the shaft part rolling technology has been widely used in China, it only accounts for about 15% of applicable parts at present. Nevertheless, this technology has broad application prospects.     

An upper bound method for analysis of three-dimensional deformation in the flat rolling of bars

A new upper bound method for the analysis of three-dimensional deformation in the flat rolling of bars is proposed. In the conventional upper bound method, stress distribution is not calculated. Hence, a new method of calculating stress distribution is proposed in which the hydrostatic stress in each element and the contact stress on the contact surface between material and roll in each element are calculated. In the conventional upper bound method, the structure of the computer program also depends highly on the kinematically admissible velocity fields assumed. Hence, a new method of analysis in which the structure of the computer program depends minimally on the kinematically admissible velocity fields assumed is proposed. In the analysis of strip rolling, the calculated roll force and roll torque agree with the roll force and roll torque calculated from Sims’ slab method. In the analysis of the flat rolling of bars, the calculated width spread agrees with the width spread obtained by experiments reported in the literature. The effects of a reduction in thickness, roll radius, material width-to-height ratio, front tension, back tension, and front and back tensions on the width spread, forward slip, roll force and roll torque are demonstrated. Hence, the validity of the new upper bound method is confirmed.     

平面型非金属阀瓣截止阀的密封性能

应用有限元分析软件建立平面型非金属阀瓣截止阀密封副的简化模型,对变操作工况下密封副的接触应力分布和变形情况进行分析。对比相同工况下不同结构阀瓣的接触应力分布和位移变化的差异,比较其性能,并采用试验进行验证。结果表明:密封接触面上应力分布关于密封面中径呈对称分布,在接触面内外径处应力最大,并从两端向密封面中径方向减小。阀瓣结构中,密封垫径向有约束的阀瓣较密封垫径向无约束的阀瓣密封性能好。     

Different degree of reduction and sliding phenomenon study for three-dimensional hot rolling with sandwich flat strip

Symmetric rolling of 3D sandwich flat strips with thermal-elastic–plastic coupled model was studied under the assumption of an elastic roller and the condideration of heat transfer. Aluminum–copper sandwich flat strips were used in this study.The numerical model of symmetric rolling for 3D sandwich flat strip with thermal-elastic–plastic coupled model was developed based on the large deformation–large strain theory, the update Lagrangian formulation and the incremental principle. Besides, flow stress was considered as the function of strain, strain rate and temperature. The theoretical model of finite element method containing the two-order strain rate formulation acted as the basis for determining the convergence of simulation results.The contact surface between the aluminum and copper for the sandwich flat strip was also discussed. First of all, the contact face between the aluminum and copper was assumed that it would be fixed without sliding. Symmetric hot rolling of the aluminum and copper sandwich flat strip was analyzed. A slide criterion was then introduced to study the shear stress states of the contact face between aluminum and copper of sandwich strip, which was used to compare the relation between the maximum shear stress and the yielding shear stress on the contact face. If the maximum shear stress of aluminum or copper is smaller than the yielding stress of aluminum or copper respectively, sliding does not occur on the contact face. On the contrary, the sliding may occur on the contact face between aluminum and copper.Three different degrees of reduction were simulated in this study to analyze the states of shear stress on the upper aluminum strip and lower copper strip close to the contact face. Finally, it finds that the sliding on the contact face between aluminum and copper may occur around certain degree of reduction. The average rolling force of the simulation result was compared with experimental data [8] to verify the simulation results.     

基于虚拟技术的弧面分度凸轮机构研究

通过对弧面分度凸轮机构中各个坐标系的建立，利用齐次坐标变换推导出弧面分度凸轮的曲面方程，并基于MATLAB对凸轮曲面进行了数值计算，再将得到的曲面数据导入三维建模软件中进行建模，并根据空间啮合理论，利用ADAMS对凸轮机构进行了动力学分析，最后应用有限元软件MARC对分度盘与凸轮啮合处进行了应力分析，得到所设计的弧面分度凸轮机构的全面分析结果，为机构优化和制造提供了重要依据。     

复杂曲面模具加工系统综合刚度场建模与分析*

在加工汽车覆盖件模具复杂曲面时,机床-刀具刚度、刀具位姿变化、模具型面变化都会影响加工系统综合刚度,进而影响模具加工精度。以四轴数控加工中心为例,针对模具曲面特征设置相应采样点,依据多体小变形理论,通过点传递矩阵、雅可比矩阵等完成该采样点的加工系统综合刚度建模,并引入了力椭球。在刀具不同的空间姿态下,通过力椭球分析了机床横梁、刀柄、刀具、模具曲面特征等对加工系统综合刚度性能的影响,揭示了曲面模具加工系统综合刚度的分布规律。最后通过试验证明,该理论模型可以有效地优化复杂型面模具加工工艺,减小模具的加工误差。