基于相位调制器的光载OFDM信号产生和传输系统

光正交频分复用（OOFDM）是目前宽带通信领域的研究热点,它和光纤无线通信（ROF）系统相结合可以更好地克服色散,提高ROF系统的性能。提出一种基于相位调制器的光载OFDM信号产生和传输系统。在中心站采用相位调制器结合光滤波器产生载波抑制-双边带（DSB-SC）光载毫米波,将OFDM信号调制到一个边带上进行传输。建立了光载OFDM信号的产生模型,分析了光纤色散导致的相位影响,并通过仿真实验验证了系统的可行性。结果表明,经95km光纤传输后,系统的眼图仍清晰张开。     

全光纤干涉振动信号测试系统的硬件解调系统的研究

本文介绍了一种应用于全光纤干涉振动传感系统的硬件信号相位解调系统。文中对全光纤干涉振动传感系统的信号解调原理进行了介绍和分析,对光电转换和放大过程中所造成的信号被消除直流分量进行了自动计算和补偿;设计并实现了解调光纤传感信号的硬件系统,经过测试硬件信号相位还原系统可以准确有效地还原出设计带宽内的信号,有效地消除了软件还原方法中由于引入量化噪声等导致对信号还原精度的影响。     

基于相位生成载波的全光纤传感器定位研究

分布式光纤传感系统可应用于长距离、强电磁干扰环境下的监测.提出了一种用相位调制器进行外调制来提高分布式光纤传感器定位精度的方法.构造基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的全光纤振动传感器系统,并在反射端加相位调制器进行调制,使经过反射端反射的光干涉后的信号处于高频段,而未经反射端反射的光干涉后的信号处于低频段.通过高通滤波和相位解调,获得与外界扰动呈正比的信号,用这一信号进行定位,可以消除因为光纤中的瑞利散射等产生的回光干涉信号的频谱叠加,提高定位精度.该方法结构简单,易实现,通过理论分析和实验证明:采用该方法可以有效提高系统的定位精度.     

用于监测阀门泄漏的超高动态范围全光纤超声传感系统

本文提出了一种超高动态范围的全光纤超声传感系统,针对阀门发生泄漏时伴随产生的声发射现象,利用光纤的光弹效应,将声发射现象产生的超声信号转换为光纤中传输的光信号的相位变化,由光路干涉结构将光信号的相位改变量转换为两路干涉输出信号的幅度量,通过相位解调还原算法和功率谱分析,实现对超声信号的探测和提取。经过阀门泄漏实地测试验证了全光纤超声传感系统的实用性和可行性,并在实验室条件下对系统的动态范围进行了具体的测试分析。     

一种双向同源相参微波光纤稳相传输系

在电子对抗系统、雷达系统、卫星导航和深空探测等多个领域中,微波信号经激光器调制后加载到光信号上经过光纤传输后其相位受外界环境的影响,无法实现稳相传输。首次提出了一种双向同源相参微波光纤稳相传输系统,可实现微波信号在光纤中稳相传输。该系统利用恒温晶振产生相位稳定的多路同参基准信号,一路信号用做光纤传输的相位变化识别信号,经激光器调制成光信号,然后由光分路器分出多路光参考信号与需稳相的信号进行同光纤传输;其它同参信号作为基准信号与经过光纤传输的相位识别信号进行鉴相,其中基准信号与参考信号相参,构建2种信号相参的机理,实现以相位变化为参量的鉴相系统,利用参考信号的相位变化完成对传输的宽带射频微波信号相位变化的识别。在鉴相实现过程中,采用双平衡混频器完成对参考信号相位变化实时鉴相,由单片机对参考信号相位的实时变化进行采样,实时控制可调电动延时线(VODL)进行光传输链路光程差的跟踪补偿,完成对需稳相信号和参考信号的相位主动补偿,实现宽带射频微波信号光纤稳相传输。     

基于压电陶瓷相位调制器的外调制相位生成载波法研究

对基于压电换能器PZT(Piezoelectric Transducer)的外调制相位生成载波PGC(Phase-Generated Carrier)法进行了深入的理论分析和实验研究.PZT光纤相位调制器利用电致伸缩效应来改变缠绕在其上面的光纤的长度,进而实现对光纤中光相位的周期性调制.在马赫曾德尔光纤干涉仪MZI(Mach-Zehnder Interferometer)的参考臂中加入该光纤相位调制器便可以将载波信号调制到光纤干涉仪的输出信号当中.计算机仿真分析了调制参数对PGC解调结果的影响.并通过实验验证了这种调制解调方案的可行性.利用美国国家仪器公司的数据采集系统及Labview编写的解调算法,在臂长为200 m的MZI中成功实现了相位解调,恢复出MZI传感臂中的原始相位信息,解调信号与原始信号的相关系数在0.99以上.     

光纤应变传感系统消噪技术的研究

本文分析干涉式光纤应变传感系统中噪声对系统分辩率的影响,提出消除光源幅度、相位噪声和环境噪声的措施。     

数字闭环光纤电流互感器死区形成机理分析

死区是闭环反馈控制系统中常见非线性现象之一,其产生原因是由于增量型非比例反馈通道干扰的存在.在干涉型数字闭环光纤电流互感器系统中,死区将引致系统零偏、零漂等非线性现象.通过系统模型的建立与分析发现,除正常相位补偿机制需要的比例反馈通道外,相位调制信号与光电探测器输出间的交叉电信号耦合、相位调制信号控制误差与相位调制器性能漂移,将在闭环光纤电流互感器中形成了另外一条非比例的干扰反馈通道;干扰通道与干扰信号的相关参数,不仅决定着死区的产生条件,也为抑制死区现象提供有效的解决途径;实验表明,死区现象的非比例反馈通道解释,不仅具有理论上的合理性,而且得到实验结果的支持.     

小波去噪在拉曼单模光纤传感系统中的应用

现有的拉曼光纤温度传感系统大多为多模系统,由于单模光纤传输损耗较小,采用单模光纤可以使测量范围轻易扩展。但由于单模光纤中产生的自发拉曼散射信号特别微弱,完全被淹没在噪声中,影响了系统的测温精度。针对存在的噪声信号问题,提出采用现有的累加平均算法与小波变换相结合的信号处理方法对拉曼散射信号进行处理。采用db5小波函数,分解层数为5层。通过matlab上进行仿真,结果表明信号处理方法可以有效地消除信号中的噪声,同时又能很好地保留有用信号,缩短了系统的测量时间,改善了系统的性能指标。     

光纤生物传感器系统中光纤连接器的性能分析与优化设计

在已构建的全光纤结构生物传感器的基础上,对系统中关键器件--光纤连接器中的信号收集效率和噪声进行了理论分析.针对荧光信号传输的特点,采用光纤端面光强均匀分布的模型,运用重叠面积积分的方法推导出计算信号耦合效率的公式,计算了各种连接器结构下的信号耦合率,以求达到最好的接收效果.并分析了主要噪声的影响,通过建立的模型,给出了抑制噪声的方法和结构参数.最后根据实验得到的结果,分析了现有系统的连接器,并提出了改进方法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.