Functionality of Wheat Germ Protein in Comminuted Meat Products as Compared with Corn Germ and Soy Proteins

Wheat germ protein flour (WGPF), corn germ protein flour (CGPF), and soy flour (SF) were used as additives at a level of 3.5% in comminuted meat products (CMP). Frankfurters with protein additives showed increased water-holding capacity and batter stability and decreased cooking loss. Improved viscosity and adhesiveness were observed with protein additives when the level of added water was constant. Protein additives also influenced textural and sensory properties of frankfurters. WGPF at a level of 3.5% was found similar to effects of SF and CGPF. WGPF is a potential nonmeat protein additive that can be utilized as an extender in CMP such as frankfurters and bologna.     

Quality Characteristics of Frankfurters Containing Corn Germ Protein

A process for incorporating defatted corn germ protein (CGP) in comminuted meat products was developed and tested under commercial conditions. Advantages of using 3% defatted CGP in meat products were established: improvement of the quality characteristics and increase yield of the product. The following differences between experimental and control frankfurters were found: decreased batter viscosity, increased protein, decreased fat and moisture content, lowered firmness and shear force, lighter color, decreased meaty aroma and flavor and increased off-flavor. Storage for 30 days affected sensory properties of frankfurters.     

Large Deformation Properties of Gels and Model Comminuted Meat Products Containing Lupin Protein

ABSTRACT: The fracture properties of Lupin seed protein isolate (LSPI) gels prepared by heat-treatment of protein dispersions have been studied at large deformations, by a uniaxial compression test. Fracture parameter values depended both on the method used for isolate preparation and the presence of sodium chloride. The results are explained in terms of LSPI composition and protein solubility. Incorporation of lupin isolate to a model comminuted meat-product system, resulted in a significant increase in fracture stress value while textural parameter values of the heated system such as hardness, fracturability, gumminess, and chewiness were also affected.     

Aroma Characteristics of Corn Germ Protein Flours

Eight sensory attributes were established to differentiate aroma characteristics among four kinds of corn germ protein flours (CGPF) processed by treatments to improve flavor quality. The projections of sample and conceptual spaces on a two-dimensional scale reflected aroma differences among samples evaluated by panelists. Volatiles of samples were separated by gas chromatography, and peaks that elicited olfactory responses were recorded as instrumental data. The projections of sample and volatile compound spaces reflected changes of volatiles by treatments. Relationships between sensory and instrumental data were elucidated by superimposing the two spatial maps. In general, treated CGPF samples had less grainy, brown, corn-like and sweet notes than untreated CGPF samples. However, there were more green, musty and chemical notes in the treated CGPF samples.     

Effect of the Pretreatment of Corn Germ Protein on the Quality Characteristics of Frankfurters

The effects of methods of corn germ protein (CGP) pretreatment on the quality characteristics and storage stability of frankfurters were studied. CGP was incorporated in formulations of frankfurters as a powder, a stabilizer in a CGP-fat-water emulsion, and a stabilizer in preemulsified fatty tissue (PEFT). Incorporation of CGP and the method of CGP pretreatment did not affect meaty aroma, flavor and amino acid composition of frankfurters. Water-holding capacity and yield of experimental products increased. The PEFT products had higher shear force values than control. Chemical tests indicated that amino nitrogen and total volatile nitrogen increased with time of storage at the same rate as for the control.     

肉制品质量安全体系

<正>肉制品的质量不仅关系到畜牧产业的发展,还关系到人类的生命安全和社会进步。肉制品的安全问题产生于从"养殖场到餐桌"食物链的每一个环节,在肉制品生产过程中受有害物质污染致使肉制品质量下降的因素很多,大致有5个方面:(1)动物疫病。《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》规定管理的动物疫病分为三类:一类动物疫病17种,二类动物疫病77种,三类动物疫病63种;     

玉米胚芽蛋白的分离及物化特性研究

采用碱溶酸沉法提取玉米胚芽分离蛋白,利用氨基酸分析和电泳分析胚芽蛋白的氨基酸组成和有效亚基组成。凝胶层析分离玉米胚芽蛋白组分,并对各组分进行热变性温度及圆二色谱分析。氨基酸分析结果表明,玉米胚芽蛋白中谷氨酸和赖氨酸含量较高,其它氨基酸含量较均衡。还原的十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺电泳(SDS-PAGE)图主要有九条谱带,其分子量依次为87.988、76.320、69.650、53.649、48.546、38.164、34.337、32.294和24.483 kDa。凝胶层析分离获得两个蛋白组分。差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析表明分离所得两个组分的干粉变性温度分别为97.37℃和98.95℃,圆二色谱(CD)分析表明两个蛋白组分的二级结构主要为β-折叠和无规卷曲。     

水酶法提油工艺对玉米胚油质量的影响

研究了水酶法提取玉米油工艺中热处理工艺参数及酶解过程对玉米油酸价、过氧化值、色泽的影响,结果表明:缓冲液的pH、热处理温度、时间对玉米油的色泽没有影响,而对油的酸价、过氧化值影响较大;酶解过程对玉米油的酸价、过氧化值、色泽几乎没有影响。水酶法与压榨法制取的玉米油品质的各项指标及氧化稳定性的对比结果表明,采用水酶法制取的玉米油质量较高。     

水酶法提油工艺对玉米胚芽油质量的影响

研究了水酶法提取玉米胚芽油工艺中热处理工艺参数及酶解过程对玉米胚芽油酸值、过氧化值、色泽的影响。结果表明：缓冲液的pH、热处理温度、时间对玉米胚芽油的色泽没有影响，而对酸值、过氧化值影响较大；酶解过程对玉米胚芽油的酸值、过氮化值、色泽几乎没有影响。水酶法与压榨法制取的玉米胚芽油各项指标及氧化稳定性的对比结果表明，采用水酶法制取的玉米胚芽油质量较高。     

玉米胚芽蛋白提取工艺研究

在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面分析方法研究料液比、温度、pH值和时间4个因素对玉米胚芽蛋白提取率的影响。通过中心组合试验设计,建立玉米胚芽蛋白提取数学模型。结果表明,影响玉米胚芽蛋白提取的主要因素依次是pH值、料液比、温度、时间;得到优化组合条件为:料液比1:10、温度55℃、pH10、时间120min。在此工艺条件下,玉米胚芽蛋白最高提取率为34.28%。     

Water Retention and Solubility of Soy Proteins and Corn Germ Proteins in a Model System

Response surface methodology was used to study water retention and protein solubility of soy flour (SF), concentrate (SC), and isolate (SI), and corn germ protein flour (CGPF). Water retention increased with pH (6 to 8) and incubation temperature (10–70°C), but not with increasing incubation time (10–30 min). SC had highest water retention per gTam, followed by CGPF, SF, and SI. Water retention in relation to protein content was higher in CGPF than in the three soy products. Protein solubility was significantly affected by pH and temperature of incubation. Protein solubility increased when pH (6 to 8) and incubation temperature increased (30–70°C) in all samples. SI had highest protein solubility, and CGPF had the lowest.     

Use of Defatted Corn Germ Flour in Pasta Products

Macaroni was produced from commercial durum semolina blended with 10, 20, and 30% defatted corn germ meal. The effect of germ supplementation on chemical composition, physical properties of dough, cooking characteristics, mechanical properties, and panel acceptability of macaroni were studied. Addition of corn germ meal resulted in longer mixing time of the dough, higher farinograph water absorption, higher protein content of the products and improvement of amino acids pattern. Optimum cooking time and percent increase in weight of cooked macaroni decreased with increasing levels of wheat substitution. Enrichment with germ flour had no effect on flavor and texture of conventional macaroni evaluated by taste panels; it greatly affected physical measurements of cooked product texture causing an increase of firmness.     

玉米胚芽蛋白酶解物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

用胰蛋白酶水解玉米胚芽蛋白,研究了玉米胚芽蛋白酶解物对小鼠体内的免疫调节作用。研究结果表明,玉米胚芽蛋白酶解物能显著提高正常小鼠的免疫脏器指数、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率、吞噬指数和淋巴细胞的转化功能活性,促进溶血素的形成。结果提示:玉米胚芽蛋白酶解物能提高机体的免疫功能,是一种很好的非特异性免疫激活剂。     

冻藏肉及其制品中蛋白氧化的研究进展

冻藏是肉及其制品最重要的贮藏方式,可有效抑制微生物生长繁殖及酶促反应,从而延长其货架期.然而,肉及其制品在长期冻藏过程中不可避免地发生品质下降.除冰晶、嗜冷微生物、干耗、脂肪氧化等因素外,蛋白氧化在品质劣化中所发挥的作用受到关注.本文综述肉及其制品中蛋白氧化的发生机制、氧化结果以及检测方法;冻藏过程中影响蛋白氧化的因素...     

肉制品的食用品质及其评价

肉类及其制品是膳食中不可缺少的优质蛋白质来源,肉类食用品质尤其是感官品质是消费者选择肉和肉制品的重要衡量指标.目前,肉制品的品质评定缺乏客观的评价方法.本文针对肉制品的系水力、多汁性、质地等食用品质及其评价方法的研究进展进行综述,为促进肉制品品质评定方法的客观化、建立肉制品的食用品质评定标准和体系提供参考.     

微生物外源酶对发酵肉制品品质的影响

发酵肉制品的品质特性和微生物外源酶的作用息息相关,蛋白酶、脂肪酶降解蛋白质和脂肪,产生对品质有积极影响的小分子物质,而谷氨酰胺转胺酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸盐还原酶也对品质的形成起到了协助作用。文中针对微生物源酶与发酵肉制品中蛋白质及脂肪等降解的关系进行了综述。     

植物蛋白在肉制品中的应用研究

该文详细综述植物蛋白(大豆蛋白、花生蛋白与豌豆蛋白)的持水性、乳化性、凝胶性、吸油性等功能特性,重点综述它们在肉制品加工中所需要的功能特性及应用方法,并展望植物蛋白在肉制品加工中的应用前景.     

大豆蛋白在肉制品加工中的应用

<正>大豆蛋白是优质的植物蛋白,除了其营养价值的特性外,大豆蛋白还有许多优良的功能特性,因此它们广泛应用于多种食品体系,其中用量最     

大豆蛋白在肉制品中的应用

本文详细阐述了大豆蛋白的营养价值和功能特性, 指出了它在肉制品中的添加方法和应用要点。