AXUV探测器标定及受辐照响应衰减研究

在EAST和HT-7装置上,具有宽能谱响应的AXUV光电二极管探测器主要用于辐射功率的绝对测量。探测器在经历多轮等离子体放电中的累积辐照效应后,观察到其表面发生变化。为了解探测器响应衰减程度,设计了相对标定实验,分别采用标准可见光光源和软X射线管作为标定光源,对EAST和HT-7实验中经历过不同放电次数的5个探测器进行了标定。标定结果表明,AXUV探测器在经历了EAST上约25 000次的等离子体放电累积辐照后,其在软X射线能段的响应下降约15%。而探测器在可见光能段的辐照损伤效应主要表现为同一个探测器不同通道之间对可见光响应的不一致性加剧。结合探测器在等离子体放电辐射场中的几何参数,对探测器受到的累积辐照剂量进行了估算。     

大体积CsI-SiPINγ计数探测器系统的研制

2008年度完成了探测器制备工艺的改进,研制了50、100mm。全耗尽SiPIN光电二极管样品。从漏电流测量结果看,探测器在全耗尽电压100V时,漏电流为8．9nA,可满足要求。对新研制的100衄n2全耗尽SiPIN光电二极管与不同形状的CsI晶体进行了光学耦合。对封装好的CsI—SiPINγ探测器进行了对137Cs661keVγ射线的能谱响应测量,同时测量了本底噪声谱,得到了能量下限为170keV。     

硅光电二极管标定新技术

设计了-个以钝化层厚度和耗尽层厚度为参数的简单模型,描述硅光电二极管的工作原理.在137Cs-661kev的均匀高能γ场中,对AXUV-100G型硅光电二极管进行标定.并且将试验标定曲线与国外标定曲线进行对比,分析后发现用这种方法标定的探测器精度与国外标定精度接近.同时推导出利用这种半导体探测器测量低能X射线光子注量的计算公式.     

微通道板在软X射线能区的绝对标定

在北京同步辐射装置(Beijing synchrotron radiation facility,BSRF)的3W1B软X射线光束线上利用Si光电二极管传输标准探测器对微通道板(Microchannel plate,MCP)探测器进行了能量响应效率的绝对标定.给出了能量范围在50-250eV的能量响应的标定结果,并给出了标定的不确定度.利用标定后的MCP对同步辐射光束线能谱及偏振特性进行了测量,得到了理想的结果.     

PIN硅光电二极管用于γ射线探测的试验研究

在X、γ射线的剂量或剂量率测量场合,常用到PIN硅光电二极管.比起传统的电离室等,它有体积小、灵敏度高、成本低、不需要高压等优点;与计数管、闪烁探测器相比,其电流输出的特性可以避免脉冲场下的死时间问题.但大剂量照射造成的辐射损伤是影响其性能的最大因素.以XRB100s-CB380为例,通过试验研究了PIN硅光电二极管的特性,包括灵敏度、偏压影响、温度补偿、辐射损伤及退火等,并简单介绍了实际应用中对输出电流信号的处理方法.     

基于同步辐射光源的光电导探测器标定系统

将门控积分方法运用到光电导探测器的灵敏度标定中,发展了一套在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)上对光电导探测器进行定时测量的方法,给出了利用这套标定系统在BSRF软X光站上对光电导探测器的测量结果。     

国产锗酸铋(BGO)闪烁体荧光的硅光二极管读出方法的研究

研究了硅光二极管的一般特性,用宇宙线μ子作为检验粒子,用硅光二极管测量了国产BGO闪烁体的光电子产额,对探测器的能量分辨、噪声和硅光二极管的带电粒子效应也进行了测量。     

适用于辐射加工的谷氨酰胺晶溶发光剂量计及其BPLL型测量装置

本文介绍了我们实验室研制的BPLL型晶溶发光剂量计的测量装置。本装置采用直流电流积分法。选用GDB-52型光电倍增管做光探测器,使用NWF-02A型微电流放大器和电压—频率转换器。装置的灵敏度可进行调节,对于剂量测量,八小时的稳定性是令人满意的。48个测量数据的平均值的标准偏差为±0.4％。在此装置上对适用于辐射加工的谷氨酰胺晶溶发光剂量计的剂量学特性进行了研究。谷氨酰胶的剂量响应线性范围为10~2～10~4Gy。论述了溶剂的温度、样品的质量对光产额的影响以及射线照射后的存贮效应。     

一种新型荧光XAFS探测器的研究

劳埃(Laue)型荧光X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)探测器是一种新型的探测器,它具有能量分辨好、计数率高和接收面积较大等优点,对于高光通量场合的痕量元素XAFS实验具有很高的灵敏度,有很好的应用前景。本文介绍了该探测器的原理和结构,将Laue型荧光分析器与PIN型光电二极管组合成荧光XAFS探测器,在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的IWIB-XAFS实验站上研究了这种探测器的位置敏感性,并将其应用于浓度400μg/gZnO(混合ZrO2)／蔗糖的Zn的K边XAS测试,在Zn的K边XANES(0—50eV)处,与Lytle探测器相比,显示出好的信噪比和能量分辨率,为该探测器在生命科学、环境科学的应用提供基础。     

0.4mm像素X射线阵列探测器的设计

描述了一种像素大小为0.4mm的X射线阵列探测器系统的设计,探测器以闪烁陶瓷材料Gd2 O2S:Tb耦合光电二极管阵列构成,可应用于几十到100keV的X射线数字辐射成像系统,可作为无损检测技术研究平台中的探测器系统.介绍了探测器的信号处理方法,给出了用该系统获取的实际图像.     

Measurement of Radiated Power Loss on EAST

A type of silicon detector known as AXUV （absolute extreme ultraviolet） photodiodes is successfully used to measure the radiated power in EAST. The detector is ...     

“Water window” compact, table-top laser plasma soft X-ray sources based on a gas puff target

We have developed compact, high repetition, table-top soft-X-ray sources, based on a gas puff target, emitting in “water window” spectral range at λ = 2.88 nm from nitrogen gas target or, in 2-4 nm range of wavelengths, from argon gas target. Double stream gas puff target was pumped optically by commercial Nd:YAG laser, energy 0.74 J, pulse time duration 4 ns. Spatial distribution of laser-produced plasma was imaged using a pinhole camera. Using transmission grating spectrometer, argon and nitrogen emission spectra were obtained, showing strong emission in the “water window” spectral range. Using AXUV100 detector the flux measurements of the soft-X-ray pulses were carried out and are presented.These debris free sources are table-top alternative for free electron lasers and synchrotron installations. They can be successfully employed in microscopy, spectroscopy and metrology experiments among others.     

用于电致冷Si-PIN探测器的掌上型电源系统的研制

介绍一套用于电致冷Si-PIN半导体探测器的掌上型电源系统的设计.系统采用集成电路方案与表面贴装元件(SMD)制作,具有体积小、重量轻、效率高、稳定性高、纹波噪声小和成本低等特点.内置可充电电池能维持一台XR-100CR型探测器工作7h以上,适合在各种基于Si-PIN探测器的现场X荧光分析系统中推广应用.提出了一种温控致冷电源的理论设计与实现方法,并对无变压器式、高稳定度、低纹波高压偏置电源的制作技术进行了讨论.     

RIBLL终端LASCAR阵列探测器PMT高压控制系统的研制

介绍了RIBLL终端LASCAR上PMT阵列电源高压控制系统。该系统以当今工程控制中常用的微型计算机作为核心器件,采用合适的外围电路达到了对PMT阵列稳定、可靠的控制,在现场测试中取得了良好的效果。     

Performance Characteristics of BGO Detectors for a Low Cost Preclinical PET Scanner

PETbox is a low-cost benchtop PET scanner dedicated to high throughput preclinical imaging that is currently under development at our institute. This paper presents the design and characterization of the detectors that are used in the PETbox system. In this work, bismuth germanate scintillator was used for the detector, taking advantage of its high stopping power, high photoelectric event fraction, lack of intrinsic background radiation and low cost. The detector block was segmented into a pixelated array consisting of 20 × 44 elements, with a crystal pitch of 2.2 mm and a crystal cross section of 2 mm × 2 mm. The effective area of the array was 44 mm × 96.8 mm. The array was coupled to two Hamamatsu H8500 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes, forming a flat-panel type detector head with a sensitive area large enough to cover the whole body of a typical laboratory mouse. Two such detector heads were constructed and their performance was characterized. For one detector head, the energy resolution ranged from 16.1% to 38.5% full width at half maximum (FWHM), with a mean of 20.1%; for the other detector head, the energy resolution ranged from 15.5% to 42.7% FWHM, with a mean of 19.6%. The intrinsic spatial resolution was measured to range from 1.55 mm to 2.39 mm FWHM along the detector short axis and from 1.48 mm to 2.33 mm FWHM along the detector long axis, with an average of 1.78 mm. Coincidence timing resolution for the detector pair was measured to be 4.1 ns FWHM. These measurement results show that the detectors are suitable for our specific application.     

One Dimensional Scintillation Cameras for Positron Ect Ring Detectors

A one-dimensional scintillation camera configured as a continuous ring with coincidence-mode collimation avoids many of the problems associated with rings formed from an array of discrete detector elements. With the goal of achieving a stationary detector exhibiting high spatial resolution and sensitivity, several detector configurations have been designed. Both analytic and Monte-Carlo simulation techniques have been used to evaluate these designs. Results of the calculations and comparative measurements on the various detector designs are discussed.     

First results from the Lund NMP particle detector system

The design and first results from a Double Sided Silicon Strip Detector (DSSSD) recently installed at the Lund Nuclear Microprobe facility (NMP) are presented. The detector has 64 sector strips and 32 ring strips, which in combination give more than 2000 detector cells, each with characteristics comparable with a standard surface barrier detector (SBD).The detector has been tested both with radioactive sources and with different ion beams and energies. The most striking features are the high rate virtually pile-up free operation and also the possibility of detailed measurement of angular distributions.     

基于RS-485总线的双G-M计数管γ剂量率探测器研制

根据放射性场所工作人员辐射防护需求,设计了γ剂量率探测器。介绍了探测器硬件电路及软件设计,利用双G-M计数管覆盖高低量程范围,采用RS-485通信接口,可连接最多128个节点,具有远程传输能力,适用于多点分布式实时监测。探测器结构紧凑,功耗低,抗干扰能力强,工作稳定可靠。     

一种新型气体探测器的研制

加速器质谱(accelerator mass spectrometry,AMS)技术因探测对象不同,探测器也应根据需要进行选择。为建立低能量重离子加速器质谱测量技术,本文设计制作一台新型气体探测器并调试应用。该探测器采用厚度50 nm,膜面积8 mm×8 mm的氮化硅膜作为入射窗。采用5.48 MeV的241Am源的α粒子对探测器进行调试,调试后将该探测器安装于中国原子能科学研究院的300 kV小型AMS系统上进行129I粒子测量。经模拟计算以及对探测器的调试、应用,证明该探测器具有较高的能量分辨率,可以很好的实现不同粒子的鉴别,同时测量灵敏度可达到10^-13国际水平,满足低能量重离子的测量要求。