反应条件对石墨烯/银导电性能的影响研究

通过改进石墨烯/银制备过程中的制备温度、pH值以及不同还原剂的选择,研究了反应条件对石墨烯/银复合材料导电性能的影响。结果表明:在氧化石墨烯制备过程中,实验温度对石墨的剥落起到了关键作用,相对于一步法,多步法制备的氧化石墨烯层数更低、纯度更高、导电性能更好;复合过程中pH值的调节能够改变银在氧化石墨烯表面的沉降率,当pH值为12时,银的沉降密度最大,产物的电导率更高,达5.3×10~2 S/m;在进行氧化石墨烯材料的还原时,同等条件下,NaBH_4的还原效果要优于柠檬酸三钠和Vc的还原效果,经NaBH_4还原的r GO和rGO/Ag的电导率分别为0.46×10~4,7.32×10~4 S/m,且经NaBH_4还原的rGO/Ag制备的导电油墨,具有与商业导电银浆相媲美的电阻值。     

柠檬酸钠绿色还原制备石墨烯

采用环境友好型还原剂柠檬酸钠,成功实现了温和条件下氧化石墨(GO)的控制还原,制备得到了石墨烯材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)等对所得产物进行了分析表征,并研究比较了氧化石墨与氧化石墨烯还原产物(RGO)的电子输运性能.结果表明:柠檬酸钠可在温和条件F还原氰化石墨得到高质量的石墨烯.     

银/石墨烯复合导电填充材料的制备与表征

采用改进的Hummers法对天然鳞片石墨进行氧化处理制备氧化石墨;然后在水合肼(85%)作用下得到还原石墨烯(GR);最后在超声条件下,采用化学镀的方法制备银/石墨烯(Ag/GR)复合导电填充材料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等对Ag/GR进行了表征,并对其电性能进行了分析。结果表明:GR表面镀上了一层均匀紧凑的金属Ag,Ag层厚度为250nm左右,其质量分数为86.50%;Ag/GR的导电率为13.57S/cm,比GR的电导率有了明显提高。     

石墨烯/酚醛树脂复合材料的制备及电学性能研究

以石墨为原料,采用改进Hummers方法制备氧化石墨,在水中经超声分散得到氧化石墨烯分散液,经80%水合肼还原得到石墨烯。又以苯酚和甲醛为原料,草酸和盐酸作催化剂,制备热塑性酚醛树脂。得到的石墨烯与酚醛树脂由熔融共混法制备其复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、交流阻抗等分别对石墨烯以及石墨烯/酚醛树脂复合材料进行形貌和结构表征及电学性能测试。研究结果表明:采用改进Hummers方法制备的石墨烯有良好的片层状形貌,石墨烯均匀包覆着酚醛树脂,石墨烯/酚醛树脂复合材料有良好的导电性能。当石墨烯的添加量为2.0%时,复合材料的阻抗为140Ω,比未添加时阻抗减少25倍。     

高压釜热还原制备稳定分散的石墨烯溶液

以天然鳞片石墨为原料,用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨。超声分散制备氧化石墨烯溶液,通过加入不同量的水合肼调节溶液的pH值,再通过水热法热还原,制备了在水中稳定分散的石墨烯溶液。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HR-TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、zeta电位及光学显微镜对制备的样品进行了表征,研究了不同温度、pH值对石墨烯溶液稳定性的影响。     

聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯导电填料的制备及应用

将氧化石墨超声分散,在水合肼的作用下制备了在水相条件下稳定分散的还原氧化石墨烯(RGO);以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,RGO为掺杂剂,吡咯单体为原料,六水合三氯化铁(FeCl_3·6H_2O)为引发剂聚合制备聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯(PPy/RGO)导电复合材料。利用傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜等手段对复合材料的理化性质进行表征,结果表明线状PPy成功聚合在RGO表面;热重分析和电导率测试结果显示,复合材料相对于PPy具有更高的热稳定性和电导率,电导率可达14S/cm。将PPy/RGO复合材料水性聚氨酯乳液制成复合涂层,考察了涂层的抗静电性能,发现PPy/RGO复合材料具有更低的逾渗阈值。     

“核壳”结构石墨烯/天然石墨复合负极材料的制备与电化学性能

以天然石墨和氧化石墨烯为原料,采用碳热还原法制备具有"核壳"结构的石墨烯/天然石墨复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等检测技术对合成材料的结构、形貌进行了表征。石墨烯包覆有利于天然石墨表面SEI膜的形成,同时,石墨烯壳层与导电剂构建的三网立体导电网络,加快了天然石墨粒子与集流体之间的电子交换速率,大大提高了复合材料的电导率,改善了其电化学性能。电化学性能测试表明,相比于天然石墨,石墨烯/天然石墨复合材料具有较高的比容量、优良的大倍率性能和优良的循环稳定性。如在0.1C下首次可逆充电比容量为407.7mAh/g,效率达到了99.88%、1C循环100次后容量保持率为99.18%。     

高速剪切辅助氧化还原法制备石墨烯

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨(GO),氧化石墨经高剪切分散乳化机高速剪切处理后进行超声波处理剥离得到氧化石墨烯,然后经水合肼还原得到石墨烯。利用激光粒度仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、激光拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和四探针测试仪等对氧化石墨和石墨烯的形貌及结构进行表征。将高剪切处理制备的石墨烯和未经高剪切处理制备的石墨烯进行对比,结果表明,高速剪切作用对氧化石墨的减薄和剥离有明显促进作用,有利于氧化石墨的还原,提高了石墨烯的制备效率和质量。     

不同还原方法对氧化还原法制备的功能化石墨烯的影响

利用改进的Hummer法制备氧化石墨,然后分别采用化学还原法和热还原法将氧化石墨还原制得功能化石墨烯。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外(FT-IR)和热重(TG)等表征手段对功能化石墨烯制备过程中的原料石墨、氧化石墨和石墨烯进行了表征。结果表明,化学还原法和热还原法都能还原氧化石墨制得功能化石墨烯,但还原程度不同。与化学还原法相比,热还原法制备的功能化石墨烯含有较少含氧基团,且工艺简单,耗时少,是一种高效制备大量功能化石墨烯的方法。     

超声辅助镍粉绿色还原制备石墨烯

提出一种室温下利用镍粉还原氧化石墨制备石墨烯的新方法。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对氧化石墨还原后的产物进行表征。结果表明:氧化石墨中含氧基团基本被去除,生成的石墨烯的ID/IG达到了1.34,当镍与氧化石墨质量比值为2时,还原效果较为理想。这种方法为低成本、高效、环保、大规模地制备高品质石墨烯提供可能性。     

Preparation of highly conductive graphene-coated glass fibers by sol-gel and dip-coating method

In order to fabricate highly-conductive glass fibers using graphene as multi-functional coatings, we reported the preparation of graphene-coated glass fibers with high electrical conductivity through sol-gel and dip-coating technique in a simple way. Graphene oxide (GO) was partially reduced to graphene hydrosol, and then glass fibers were dipped and coated with the reduced GO (rGO). After repeated sol-gel and dip-coating treatment, the glass fibers were fully covered with rGO coatings, and consequently exhibited increased hydrophobicity and high electrical conductivity. The graphene-coated fibers exhibited good electrical conductivity of 24.9 S/cm, being higher than that of other nanocarbon-coated fibers and commercial carbon fibers, which is mainly attributed to the high intrinsic electrical conductivity of rGO and full coverage of fiber surfaces. The wettability and electrical conductivity of the coated fibers strongly depended on the dip-coating times and coating thickness, which is closely associated with coverage degree and compact structure of the graphene coatings. By virtue of high conductivity and easy operation, the graphene-coated glass fibers have great potential to be used as flexible conductive wires, highly-sensitive sensors, and multi-functional fibers in many fields.     

Preparation and properties of polyamide 6 thermal conductive composites reinforced with fibers

The majority of inorganic particles-filled thermal conductive composites highlight thermal conductivity in detriment of mechanical properties. In this work, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), alumina (Al₂O₃) and flake graphite-filed polyamide 6 (PA6) composites prepared by twin-screw extruder, were reinforced with carbon and glass fibers separately. Effects of fiber type and content on thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of the PA6-based composites were investigated. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the composites improved with increasing carbon fiber content, while decreased slightly with glass fiber loading. Furthermore, strength, modulus and HDT of the PA6-based composites increased with the increase of fiber content. The reinforcing effects of the two fibers on the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were compared and interpreted in this paper. By incorporating simultaneously high thermal conductive fillers and high-strength fibers, the combined composites hold a good potential in heat dissipation applications.     

Mechanical and electrical properties of carbon fiber composites with incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets at the fiber–matrix interphase

In this study, carbon fibers (CFs) were coated with graphene nanoplatelets (GnP), using a robust and continuous coating process. CFs were directly immersed in a stable GnP suspension and the coating conditions were optimized in order to obtain a high density of homogeneously and well-dispersed GnP. GnP coated CFs/epoxy composites were manufactured by a prepreg and lay-up method, and the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the composites were assessed. The GnP coated CFs/epoxy composites showed 52%, 7%, and 19% of increase in comparison with non-coated CFs/epoxy composites, for 90° flexural strength, 0° flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength, respectively. Meanwhile, incorporating GnP in the CF/epoxy interphase significantly improved the electrical conductivity through the thickness direction by creating a conductive path between the fibers.     

表面改性离子交换化学镀制备表面覆镍聚酰亚胺纤维

以高强度的聚酰亚胺（PI）纤维为基纤,采用表面改性离子交换和化学镀相结合的方法,成功制备了高强度、高导电性和热稳定性好的聚酰亚胺-Ni （PI-Ni）复合导电纤维,采用SEM观察纤维的微观形貌,通过XRD和EDS表征了镀层组成及相态结构,测试了纤维的力学性能、导电性、界面黏结性能及热性能。结果表明,PI-Ni纤维表面平整光滑,完整致密,镀层为非晶态Ni-P合金。PI-Ni束丝拉伸强度约为1.2 GPa,电阻率为1.76×10^-4 Ω·cm,5%热失重温度为611℃,耐热性能优异,是一种高性能的有机导电纤维。     

水环境对聚酰亚胺纤维分散及纸基材料性能的影响

通过改变水环境的电导率、pH值、温度及纤维浓度并以正交试验加以优化,对聚酰亚胺短切纤维悬浮液的分散效果进行研究。采用纤维沉降度、吸光度、Zeta电位表征了不同水环境条件下聚酰亚胺纤维悬浮液的分散性能,确定了实验条件下最佳水环境的相关参数,优选出最适宜的纤维浓度,并对最佳水环境条件下分散后的纤维所成型的聚酰亚胺纤维纸基材料性能进行了探讨。结果表明,在实验条件下,当水体的pH值为6.0,水温为40℃,纤维浓度为4‰且水溶液电导率较低时,聚酰亚胺短切纤维的分散性能更好,成纸孔径分布更加均匀,在此分散工艺下成形的纸基材料的拉伸强度指数为35.9 N/mg,撕裂指数为40.1 mN·m 2/g。     

导电玻璃纤维及其功能复合材料研究进展

玻璃纤维增强聚合物基复合材料因其成本低、力学性能好等优点被广泛应用,而导电玻璃纤维增强复合材料将进一步拓展玻璃纤维复合材料的应用领域,也是其未来发展的重要方向。本文综述了国内外导电玻璃纤维的种类、构建结构及特征性能等,同时介绍了不同导电玻璃纤维对玻璃纤维功能复合材料的性能影响;最后,结合目前导电玻璃纤维及其复合材料的应用和限制,阐述了聚合物基导电玻璃纤维功能复合材料的发展趋势。      

Carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon-coated conductive Kevlar fibers

Conductive carbon material-coated Kevlar fibers were fabricated through layer-by-layer spray coating. Polyurethane was used as the interlayer between the Kevlar fiber and carbon materials to bind the carbon materials to the Kevlar fiber. Strongly adhering single-walled carbon nanotube coatings yielded a durable conductivity of 65 S/cm without significant mechanical degradation. In addition, the properties remained stable after bending or water washing cycles. The coated fibers were analyzed using scanning electron microcopy and a knot test. The as-produced fiber had a knot efficiency of 23%, which is more than four times higher than that of carbon fibers. The spray-coating of graphene nanoribbons onto Kevlar fibers was also investigated. These flexible coated-Kevlar fibers have the potential to be used for conductive wires in wearable electronics and battery-heated armors.     

球状纳米二氧化钛/石墨烯复合材料的合成及导电性能

采用改进的水热法制备二氧化钛/石墨烯(TiO2/G)复合导电材料,并研究水热温度以及石墨烯用量对TiO2/G复合材料导电性的影响。利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和电化学阻抗谱等测试手段对复合材料的结构,微观形貌以及导电性能进行表征,并确定最佳的水热温度以及石墨烯的最佳添加量。结果表明:石墨烯添加量为5%(质量分数),水热温度为160℃,TiO2/G复合材料的导电性最佳,其电阻率为13.46Ω·cm。复合材料中TiO2纳米颗粒为球状的锐钛矿相,直径为100~200nm左右,且均匀生长在石墨烯片层表面。其中,TiO2纳米颗粒生长于石墨烯片层上,有效地阻止石墨烯片层的聚集,有利于石墨烯片层间形成导电网络,提高电子迁移效率,赋予二氧化钛复合材料优异的导电性能。     

Oxide Fiber Reinforced Glass: a Challenge to New Composites

The brittle nature and low fracture resistance of glass and ceramic materials limit their use in engineering applications. To achieve a tougher glass material, oxide fiber reinforced glass composites were synthesized by slurry infiltration and hot‐pressing. Significant increases in bending strength and work‐of‐fracture have been noticed for fiber reinforced glass matrix composites with carbon coated fibers. These effects are related to the low bonding between fiber and matrix, caused by the fiber coating.     

多元碳纳米材料协同改性玻璃微珠/环氧树脂复合材料

采用静电自组装法制备了还原氧化石墨烯表面修饰中空玻璃微珠（rGO@HGB）,与导电炭黑（CB）、石墨烯纳米片（GNPs）一起与环氧树脂（EP）共混,制备了CB-GNPs-rGO@HGB/EP复合材料,并系统研究了复合材料的微观结构、导电性能和介电性能。结果表明,rGO@HGB的加入能够显著提高rGO@HGB/EP复合材料的导电性能和介电常数,进一步引入CB和GNPs后,形成了被rGO@HGB隔离的导电逾渗网络,rGO、CB和GNPs三者对提高CB-GNPs-rGO@HGB/EP复合材料性能具有协同作用。在CB与GNPs的总含量固定为0.2vol%,且二者的体积比为10:1时,CB-GNPs-rGO@HGB/EP复合材料的导电与介电性能最优,对应的体积电阻率为1.88×104 Ωcm,在1 kHz下的介电常数高达454.5,分别比CB-rGO@HGB/EP和GNPs-rGO@HGB/EP复合材料提高了11.3%和10.7%,而其介电损耗仅为0.065。