丹参发酵液的体外抗氧化和美白功效评价

利用水提法和微生物发酵法制备丹参水提液和丹参发酵液,在生化水平、细胞水平、转录水平上探究二者抗氧化和美白能力。实验结果表明二者对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基均有良好的清除能力,丹参水提液清除率达到50%时的体积分数(IC50)为10.3%,丹参发酵液IC50值为2.9%,在相同体积分数下,丹参发酵液清除能力更佳。在细胞水平上,二者均表现出对过氧化氢诱导损伤细胞的保护作用,相对于损伤模型,细胞总抗氧化能力提高、丙二醛(MDA)含量和活性氧(ROS)含量降低、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力提高。在转录水平上,相对于损伤模型,二者作用于细胞后CAT表达量均提高。在黑色素合成和酪氨酸酶活力抑制作用实验中,丹参水提液和丹参发酵液相对于空白对照均表现出良好的美白作用。总体而言,相对于丹参水提液,丹参发酵液在抗氧化功效和美白功效方面均表现更佳。     

竹叶发酵液的美白、增强皮肤屏障和抗炎护肤功效研究

为研究竹叶发酵液(FBL)的护肤功效，选取角质形成细胞(HaCaT)和黑色素瘤细胞(B16)作为细胞模型，利用细胞计数试剂(CCK-8)评估竹叶发酵液的细胞毒性；并通过检测黑色素含量、十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)损伤模型下丝聚蛋白和炎症因子的基因表达，分别考察FBL的美白、增强皮肤屏障和抗炎的护肤功效。结果表明，FBL对上述细胞均没有毒性，同时能够显著降低B16细胞内黑色素的含量(显著性p<0.001)，并能促进丝聚蛋白的基因表达(p<0.001)、抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)的基因表达(p<0.001,p<0.01)。因此，FBL具有潜在的护肤功效。     

望春花（M.biondi）花提取物缓解UVB导致皮肤损伤的作用研究

富含木兰脂素的望春花（M. biondi）花提取物（MB）被用来研究其缓解紫外线导致的皮肤损伤作用。在中波紫外线（UVB）诱导的人永生化表皮细胞（HaCaT）和以UVB诱导的HaCaT细胞培养上清液作为刺激物诱导的血管内皮细胞（HUVEC）上，通过免疫荧光染色、酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞损伤下的不同关键指标的变化。结果显示，HaCaT细胞经UVB照射后16～72 h，环丁烷嘧啶二聚体（CPD）产生量显著升高，高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)表达上升，且逐步从细胞核迁移至细胞质，热休克家族蛋白27(Hsp27)表达量也上升，同时白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)、前列腺素E2(PGE-2)的表达量显著增加。而HaCaT细胞培养上清液刺激HUVEC细胞24 h后，内皮素-1(ET-1)、细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)表达量均显著升高。0.1%～0.5%的MB同步处理下，可显著抑制HaCaT细胞中CPD的产生量、HMGB1的表达量，减少HMGB1的核转移，促进Hsp27的表达，降低细胞因子的表达量，同时可显著减少HUVEC细胞中的ET-1,ICAM-1表达量。因此，MB可通过降低DN...     

橄榄苦苷对皮肤的生物活性研究进展

橄榄苦苷是油橄榄叶提取物中主要的多酚成分之一，具有优异的抗炎、抗氧化活性以及其他治疗功效。本文从抑制细胞中NF-κB的核易位，抑制一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS）、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)的表达，减少促炎细胞因子和趋化因子等方面总结了橄榄苦苷抗炎的作用通路，并进一步综述了其抗氧化、抗菌、美白以及抗衰的作用机理，旨在为橄榄苦苷在化妆品中的开发和应用提供理论参考。     

云南白药发酵液的抗衰老及美白功效探究

采用黄酒酵母对云南白药进行发酵,获得云南白药发酵液并进行了成分分析。从生化水平以及细胞水平对其抗衰老和美白功效进行评价,并对其皮肤安全性进行确认。结果表明,云南白药发酵液中多酚和多糖含量高于水提液,具有较强的清除自由基功效,同时能够促进成纤维细胞增殖以及胶原蛋白-Ⅰ(Col-Ⅰ)合成、降低基质金属蛋白酶-Ⅰ(MMP-Ⅰ)的表达。此外,该发酵液能够抑制B16细胞生长并降低体外以及B16细胞内的酪氨酸酶活性,同时在减少黑色素合成上有一定的功效。斑贴试验显示该发酵液未引起皮肤不良反应。上述结果说明云南白药发酵液具有皮肤安全性,并具有一定的抗衰老和美白功效。     

木蝴蝶提取物护肤相关活性研究

研究中药材木蝴蝶提取物的护肤相关功效，采用60%乙醇水加热回流提取结合D101大孔树脂精制得到木蝴蝶提取物，通过DPPH自由基清除实验、B16F10细胞黑色素生成实验、Raw264.7细胞抗炎实验、HaCat细胞UVB光保护实验研究木蝴蝶提取物的相关活性。体外实验结果表明，木蝴蝶提取物具有清除DPPH自由基的能力，IC₅₀为38μg/mL，可以显著降低B16F10细胞黑色素的产生，降低LPS诱导的NO、IL-6和TNF-α分泌水平，减少UVB辐照对HaCat角质形成细胞的损伤。木蝴蝶提取物具有作为天然护肤品功效原料的潜力，在抗衰、美白、舒缓、防晒等方面均有产业化开发价值。     

补骨脂酚的生物活性及其应用

补骨脂酚已通过国家药品监督管理局备案，在国内化妆品中应用研究日益增多。重点综述了补骨脂酚的抗氧化、抗炎、美白和抗衰生物活性，如清除自由基，抑制细胞炎症因子表达，降低氧化应激，减少黑色素生成和促进多种胶原蛋白表达等，并进一步探讨了其临床应用，为更好开发功效化妆品提供更多的技术思路和价值参考。     

八种花卉水提液美白和抗氧化效果的研究

为了研究花卉提取物美白和抗氧化效果，采集新鲜的八种花卉(山茶花、白玉兰、迎春花、碧桃、西府海棠、紫荆花、桃花和樱花),分别制得其水提液。以L-酪氨酸为底物，双孢蘑菇中提取的酪氨酸酶作为酶催化剂，研究八种花卉水提液的美白和抗氧化效果。结果表明，八种花卉水提液对酪氨酸酶活性均有抑制作用，抑制率依次为西府海棠<樱花<山茶花<碧桃<桃花<白玉兰<迎春花<紫荆花；采用DPPH自由基清除法来比较八种花卉水提液的抗氧化能力，抗氧化能力为西府海棠<迎春花<白玉兰<桃花<碧桃<樱花<紫荆花<山茶花。综合分析表明对山茶花、紫荆花、樱花、碧桃、桃花、白玉兰提取物可进行抗氧化类化妆品的开发；紫荆花、迎春花、白玉兰提取物可用于美白类化妆品的开发；紫荆花、白玉兰可作为美白抗氧化化妆品的开发研究。这一研究结果为八种花卉在美白化妆品、抗氧化保健品、药物的应用上提供了理论支持。     

副干酪乳杆菌的发酵条件优化及其发酵液功效评价

为开发副干酪乳杆菌发酵产物在化妆品领域的应用,对副干酪乳杆菌的培养条件运用单因素实验进行优化并测定副干酪乳杆菌发酵液中多肽和总糖的含量。对副干酪乳杆菌发酵液进行DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率实验和ABTS·+抗氧化能力测定。用HaCat细胞建立UV损伤细胞模型,采用Cusabio人白介素10(IL-10)和人组织蛋白酶B(CTSB)酶联免疫试剂盒进行检测。并测定副干酪乳杆菌发酵液对HaCat细胞溶酶体活性的影响。抗氧化实验数据结果表明副干酪乳杆菌发酵液具有DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和ABTS·~+抗氧化能力。5%的副干酪乳杆菌发酵液能使IL-10表达量较模型组下降18?pg/mL,说明副干酪乳杆菌发酵液具有抗UV引起的免疫抑制的功效。10%的副干酪乳杆菌发酵液对CTSB表达的抑制作用与阳性对照组(乙酰水杨酸)相当,说明10%的副干酪乳杆菌发酵液抗炎效果与5?mmol/L乙酰水杨酸相当。在5%副干酪乳杆菌发酵液作用下,溶酶体活性较模型组提高23%,进一步说明副干酪乳杆菌发酵液具有良好的抗炎效果。     

蚕丝丝肽嗜热栖热菌发酵液对皮肤抗炎抗衰功效的增效作用

为研究嗜热栖热菌发酵的蚕丝丝肽在皮肤抗炎抗衰功效上的增效作用，以脂多糖(LPS)诱导的角质形成细胞(HaCaT细胞)和双氧水(H₂O₂)诱导的成纤维细胞(HDF细胞)为研究模型，通过比色法、酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)等方法检测蚕丝丝肽、嗜热栖热菌发酵液和蚕丝丝肽发酵液对细胞活力、炎症因子白介素1β(IL-1β)和白介素6(IL-6)的含量、屏障保湿相关蛋白水通道蛋白3 (AQP3)和丝聚蛋白(FLG)的含量、衰老相关标志物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)和人1型胶原蛋白(Col-1)的含量变化的影响。结果表明，蚕丝丝肽发酵液能够显著降低IL-1β,IL-6,AGEs含量，显著促进FLG,AQP3,SOD和Col-1表达，且相较于蚕丝丝肽能更显著抑制IL-6和AGEs表达，更显著促进HDF细胞迁移和SOD合成，而相较于嗜热栖热菌发酵液能更显著降低IL-1β,IL-6和AGEs表达，更显著促进AQP3表达、HDF细胞迁移和SOD的合成，即认为蚕丝丝肽发酵液相较于单一的蚕丝丝肽和嗜热栖热菌发酵液具备抗炎、屏障保湿及抗衰功效的增...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。