Y2BaCuO5粒子在准单畴Y-Ba-Cu-O超导块材中的分布及其对超导性能的影响

采用顶部籽晶熔融织构法制备了Y-Ba-Cu-O(YBCO)准单畴超导块材,研究了Y2BaCuO5(Y211)粒子在块材中的分布及其对临界电流密度(Jc)和磁悬浮力性能的影响.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察发现,Y211颗粒在准单畴超导块材中的分布是不均匀的.实验结果表明,Y211平均粒径的大小与样品的磁悬浮力和临界电流密度成反比,Y211相粒子在母体中的分布越均匀,粒子平均粒径越小,越有利于提高临界电流密度和磁悬浮力.对于φ20mm的YBCO单畴块材,磁悬浮力可以达到33N(77K,0.55T),临界电流密度达到6.6×104 A/cm2.     

BaCuO2-δ含量对GdBaCuO超导块材结构和磁浮力性能的影响

采用Nd-Ba-Cu-Mg-O冷籽晶和熔融织构生长工艺,在空气气氛下制备出GdBaCuO单畴块材,并通过流通氧气气氛退火处理获得超导样品。研究了前驱粉末中不同BaCuO2-δ含量对GdBaCuO前驱粉末熔化温度、块材生长及超导磁浮力性能的影响。结果表明,GdBaCuO前驱粉末的熔点随着BaCuO2-δ添加量的增加而降低。前驱粉末中BaCuO2-δ的添加量为0～0.5mol时,GdBaCuO块材均能生长成表面没有宏观裂纹、尺寸为Ф17mm的单畴,而BaCuO2-δ添加量为0.2mol时,样品的磁浮力性能最高,最大磁浮力密度达到12N/cm2(77K)。     

顶部籽晶粉末熔化法制备的超导YBCO单晶畴性能研究

采用顶部籽晶粉末熔化法(TSPMP)制备了30mm×15mm的YBCO单畴样品.在77K、零场冷却条件下获得最大磁悬浮力值43N(NdFeB,0.5T).在2T的静态磁场中场冷充磁后,77K下获得最大的捕获磁通为380mT.金相分析显示211粒子的粒度分布在1～3μm,ac面上的211粒子的分布密度＞ab面上的分布密度.从磁通钉扎角度分析了211的粒度对磁悬浮力和捕获磁通的影响.     

Ar气氛退火对LRE-Ba-Cu-O单畴熔融织构样品超导性能的影响

采用顶部热籽晶技术和“二步冷却”生长工艺, 在空气中制备了Gd-Ba-Cu-O、(SmGd)-Ba-Cu-O和(SmEuGd)-Ba-Cu-O三种体系的单畴熔融织构样品, 并研究了Ar气氛退火(ArPA)对所制备的单畴样品超导性能的影响. 结果表明, 三种体系的单畴样品77K下的俘获场分布均呈中心对称的圆锥形, 其中SEG样品的冻结场达到0.34T(φ18mm), 与OCMG工艺制备的相同尺寸的样品处在同一水平. Ar气氛退火对三种体系单畴样品超导性能的影响不同: 对Gd-Ba-Cu-O体系, ArPA不能进一步提高单畴样品的临界电流密度; 而对(SmGd)-Ba-Cu-O和(SmEuGd)-Ba-Cu-O体系, 合适温度下的ArPA可以大幅度提高样品的超导性能.     

氩离子刻蚀对TFA-MOD法YBa2Cu3O7-x薄膜性能的影响研究

TFA-MOD工艺制备的YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x(YBCO)薄膜有独特的生长机制, 高温晶化后的YBCO薄膜表面存在一层由Ba-Cu-O异质相及a轴生长的YBCO晶粒组成的杂质层。为了满足零电阻超导焊接和超导带材钎焊搭接的研究需要, 在不破坏超导特性和晶体结构的前提下, 采用Ar离子对TFA-MOD工艺制备的YBCO薄膜进行刻蚀, 对薄膜进行纳米级的减薄, 实现对薄膜表面杂质的去除。利用拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射等方法对不同刻蚀时间下的薄膜状态进行表征。结果表明, 1.3 μm厚的YBCO薄膜表面杂质层厚度约为220 nm, 并且在过度刻蚀的情况下, YBCO薄膜仍然是c轴取向, 晶体结构没有被破坏。刻蚀后,薄膜内部氧空位缺陷的产生会造成超导转变及载流性能的降低, 但通过吸氧处理后薄膜性能可恢复。     

高温超导块材第二相掺杂的研究进展

高温超导块材REBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)(RE,稀土材料)的临界电流密度和捕获磁通强度性能是影响超导块材在工程应用中的重要因素。研究表明,适当的第二相粒子掺杂可以形成有效的钉扎中心,不仅可以提高超导块材的临界电流密度和捕获磁通强度,还能够改善超导块材的微观形貌,提高超导块材的力学性能等。本文综述了近几年来对REBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)高温超导块材进行第二项掺杂的研究进展,分析了由于掺杂而引起的超导块材性能改善的原因,为超导块材的实际应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

Nb掺杂YBCO薄膜钉扎机理的研究

通过低氟MOD法制备了Nb掺杂的YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x(YBCO)薄膜, 掺入的Nb以Ba₂YNbO₆(BYNO)相存在, 其尺寸大小在20~30 nm之间, 薄膜中BYNO纳米颗粒以外延和随机两种取向共存, 且以随机取向为主。BYNO纳米颗粒的周围出现堆垛层错, 并且BYNO周围的YBCO出现严重的晶格畸变, 这增加了YBCO薄膜内部的微观应变, 且随机BYNO颗粒含量越高, YBCO薄膜内部的微观应变就越大。微观应变增加了薄膜的磁通钉扎能力, 进而提高了薄膜在高磁场下的超导性能。     

温度控制织构金属基带上YBCO外延薄膜生长及缺陷研究

采用直流溅射法在Y₂O₃/YSZ/CeO₂(YYC)缓冲层的织构NiW基带上, 通过基片温度调制YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ(YBCO)外延薄膜生长。X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征显示, 基片温度强烈地影响YBCO薄膜的外延生长: 在较低的基片温度下薄膜趋于a轴取向生长, 随基片温度升高薄膜逐渐变为纯c轴取向生长。由于a轴晶粒引起的大角度晶界会阻碍超导电流在a-b面内的传输, 因此YBCO薄膜的微观结构和超导电性能随温度升高而得到改善, 但是随着基片温度继续升高, 基带的氧化程度加剧, YBCO与缓冲层间发生界面反应, 从而导致薄膜质量衰退。本     

不同粒径Gd2Ba4CuNbOy纳米粒子掺杂对GdBCO块材性能的影响

采用顶部籽晶熔融织构方法（TSMTG）成功制备出掺杂不同粒径Gd_2Ba_4CuNbO_（？）纳米粒子的单畴GdBCO超导块材,研究其对超导块材的生长形貌和磁悬浮力的影响,结果表明,在该条件下制备出的单畴GdBCO超导块材样品上表面十字花纹明显,且四个单畴扇区光滑平整;样品的磁悬浮力随着Gd_2Ba_4CuNbO_y粒径的增大有逐渐减小的趋势,当过筛目数n=360目时,样品的磁悬浮力最大,约25N;利用环境扫描电子显微镜技术（SEM）观察了样品的微观形貌,结果显示,随着掺杂粉体过筛目数的减小,样品中Gd_2Ba_4Cu NbO_y纳米粒子的分布越来越均匀且粒径逐渐增大。实验结果对进一步提高GdBCO超导块材的性能具有重要的借鉴作用     

熔融织构Y1-xNdxBa2Cu3O7-y的磁通钉扎

制备了Y1-xNdxBa2Cu3O7-Y熔融织构超导样品,X射线衍射分析表明,样品具有较高的织构度,样品中晶粒的取向为（001）方向, 钕均匀地替代了钇,并且对样品的晶体结构影响不大,样品的不可逆温度Tp随外场的变化说明,少量钕替代钇可以提高YBCO超导材料的磁通钉扎能力,在高温超导体中引入和样品本身结构的第二相可能是一种比较有效的增强高温超导材料磁通钉扎能力的方法。     

Processing and Properties of Bar-Shaped Single-Seeded and Multi-Seeded YBCO Bulk Superconductors by a Top-Seeded Melt Growth Technique

The fabrication of (RE)-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors, where RE is a rare-earth element such as Y, Gd and Sm, is both time consuming and expensive due to the complexity of the melt process and the slow growth rate of large, single grains. In this study, different approaches to the fabrication of bar-shaped, bulk YBCO superconductors are investigated and compared using single- and multiple-seeding techniques via top-seeded melt growth (TSMG). Both the microstructural and superconducting properties of the bulk samples are investigated, including trapped field, critical current density, critical temperature and levitation force. The results of this study indicate that, in general, the superconducting properties of YBCO fabricated by a single-seeded process are significantly better than those of samples fabricated by a four-seeded process for non-bridge seeds. The differences between the samples are less pronounced in the levitation force measurements, however. In this paper, we attempt to explain the reasons for the similarities and differences observed between bulk samples fabricated by the different single- and multi-seeded processes.     

The Influence of Y2Ba4CuNbO x Nanoparticle Addition on the Superconducting Properties of Single Domain YBCO Bulks

Single-domain YBCO superconductors with different additions of nanometer Y ₂Ba ₄CuNbO _x (YNb2411), based on the solid phase of [(100-x)Y ₂BaCuO ₅(Y211) + x YNb2411] (x = 3, 5, 7, 10, 12) and liquid phase of (Y211 + 9BaCuO ₂ + 6CuO), were successfully fabricated by a modified top seeded infiltration and growth process (TSIG), the growth morphology, microstructure, levitation force and the trapped magnetic field were investigated in details. Results indicate that single-domain YBCO superconductors can be fabricated with x ≤ 7 wt % but random nucleation of YBCO crystal occurs near the edge of the sample and seriously reduced the size of the single domain grown from the NdBCO seed when x ≥ 10 wt %. The YNb2411 particles were successfully introduced into the YBCO matrix, and the size of the YNb2411 particles embedded in the YBCO matrix is about 300 nm. However, agglomeration usually occurs when the addition of YNb2411 ≥ 10 wt %. As a result, the levitation force increases firstly from 32 to 42.5 N and then reduces down to 7 N with the increasing of YNb2411 additions from 3 to 7 wt % and 12 wt %. The results are helpful to improve the properties of YBCO bulk superconductors.     

Ba源配比对MOCVD法制备YBCO薄膜性能的影响研究

采用单一液相混合源进液及闪蒸的MOCVD系统在LaAlO₃(001)单晶基片上制备YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x(YBCO)薄膜, 研究混合源中Ba含量对YBCO超导薄膜成分、结构及电流承载能力的影响。结果表明, 当Ba含量较小时, YBCO薄膜中易于形成尺寸较小的CuO颗粒; 随着Ba含量的增加, 薄膜中形成Ba₂CuO₃晶粒, 并且Ba₂CuO₃晶粒尺寸随Ba含量的增加而逐渐增大。杂质相的含量、尺寸以及与YBCO的晶格匹配程度对YBCO薄膜的双轴取向生长和电流承载能力具有重要影响。当原料摩尔配比Ba/Y=3.9时, 成功制备出了具有优异面内面外取向、结构致密的YBCO超导薄膜, 77 K下的300 nm厚度薄膜的临界电流密度达到4.0 MA/cm², 该研究结果对于第二代涂层导体的发展具有重要意义。     

苯胺或邻苯二胺/YBCO杂化材料的性能

采用高温固相法制备钇钡铜氧(YBCO),研磨后超声分散在无水乙醇中得纳米YBCO/乙醇溶胶,再分别掺入苯胺和邻苯二胺,浓缩后真空干燥得有机物/YBCO杂化材料。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了有机物对YBCO化学组成、物相、元素价态和磁性性能的影响。结果表明,掺入0.05%~5%(质量分数,下同)范围内的苯胺、邻苯二胺不影响YBCO的红外吸收,但显著提高了其XRD衍射峰的强度。两种杂化材料中N-Y之间的相互作用比N-Ba或N-Cu强烈,N元素含量对杂化材料中YBCO的超导转变温度T_c和磁化强度M有显著影响,N元素含量超过1%,T_c明显降低,M_min则相应提高。     

Progress in Processing of Thin Wall HTc Bulk Superconducting Cryomagnets

We report on our progress in the preparation of single domain of high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk YBCO and GdBCO cryomagnets with multiple holes. Three mains steps have been explored and discussed in this study:

1. Gd₂BaCuO₅ (Gd211) and Y₂BaCuO₅ (Y211) and thin wall preforms shaping by the extrusion technique.
2. GdBa₂Cu₃O₃ (Gd123) YBa₂Cu₃O₃ (Y123) single domain obtained from Y211 using the Seed Infiltration Growth (SIG) process.
3. Annealing under high oxygenation pressure in order to improve the superconducting properties.

The thin wall samples with larger specific areas offer some advantages as better thermal exchange, shorter oxygen diffusion paths, possibility to reinforce the material to overcome the mechanically stresses during magnetization. The process and the microstructural features at various stages of processing, with particular emphasis on the characteristics of Gd211 and Y211 inclusions are discussed. Properties like the magnetic trapped field at different temperatures, the superconducting transition temperatures, and critical current densities of the resulting composites are presented and compared with their values in samples processed by other variants of the melt textured growth process.     

The effect of Ag and Y-24W1 addition on the microstructure and superconducting properties of single grain Y–Ba–Cu–O

We have reported recently the fabrication of high performance, nano-composite Y–Ba–Cu–O (YBCO) bulk superconductors containing nano-sized Y₂Ba₄CuMO (Y-2411, where M is typically a transition metal element) phase inclusions that contribute effectively to flux pinning. However, these studies have revealed that the field trapping capability of YBCO bulk superconductors containing the Y-2411 phase is limited due to the presence of micro- and macro-cracks in the bulk sample microstructure. Here, we report the fabrication of nano-composite YBCO bulk superconductors containing Ag and W-based Y-2411 (i.e. Y₂Ba₄CuWO_y) secondary phase inclusions (SPI's) in an attempt to investigate the influence of Ag content on the formation and propagation of a/b and c- axis micro- and/or macro-cracks in the Y-123 matrix. The crack density for samples containing Ag is observed to be significantly lower than for samples fabricated without Ag. A detailed study of the microstructures and superconducting properties of Ag-doped, nano-composite bulk YBCO is presented.     

无氟MOD法制备YBCO超导薄膜工艺中物相的演变过程

第二代高温超导带材在电力系统和磁体领域拥有良好的应用前景, 无氟金属有机盐沉积技术(FF-MOD)以其设备成本低、晶体生长速率快、环境友好等特点, 成为研究热点。本研究通过FF-MOD技术, 在铝酸镧单晶和CeO₂/IBAD-MgO/Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃/Hastelloy C276人工基板上制备得到钇钡铜氧(YBCO)薄膜, 并对不同制备温度下的样品进行淬火, 随后对淬火样品进行了X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和衰减全反射红外光谱的表征, 系统地研究了高温成相过程中BaCO₃和YBCO的相演变过程。实验结果表明, 在YBCO成相过程中, BaCO₃不会与Y、Cu元素的氧化物反应直接生成YBCO晶体, 并生成的YBCO相晶体先呈随机取向, 然后在热处理的过程中(800℃左右)逐渐转化为具有双轴织构的YBCO晶体。     

Melt Processing of YBCO Thick Films Fabricated by Sol Gel Route Powder on YSZ

It is evident that the microstructure and superconducting properties of YBa₂Cu₃O_7−σ (YBCO) thick films are highly dependent upon the route of the precursor. The precursor which was used in the preparation of YBCO thick films was produced using sol gel route technique. The screen printing technique was used in the fabrication of YBCO superconducting thick films on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. The effect of slow cooling rate and slow cooling window on texturing, microstructure and superconducting properties of the melt processed films was carried out. Optimizing the melt processing program was effective in increasing the molten viscosity, keeping the liquid and hence relatively large grain size that has been obtained. Moreover, grain morphologies like which was found in YBCO bulk materials was observed.     

YBCO Melt-processing development by numerical simulation

Numerical simulations provide a suitable tool to investigate and support the upscaling of melt growth especially of high T_c superconductors. On the macroscopic scale calculations of thermal fields in the YBCO bulk during melt growth were performed. Mesoscopic simulations of the evolution of the microstructure have been made using the phase field method. These results are discussed in relation to experimental results obtained from the real YBCO system. Implications for a possible enhancement of production rates for YBCO bulk material and for tapes are outlined.