无铅压电陶瓷KNN常压烧结及其电学性能

用常压烧结法制备K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃陶瓷。研究烧结温度与陶瓷密度和电学性能的关系。研究表明在1065℃~1120℃范围内, 温度对陶瓷的密度有显著影响。当烧结温度为1100℃时, 密度达到4.35 g/cm³ (占理论密度的95%); 1100℃烧结的陶瓷表现出最好的电学性能, 压电常数最大118 pC/N, 相对介电常数最大达538, 介电损耗最小仅4.7%, 剩余极化强度为15.37 μC/cm², 矫顽场为13.16 kV/cm。陶瓷样品在206℃从正交结构转变到四方结构, 居里温度为410℃。     

0-3型压电陶瓷/硫铝酸盐水泥复合材料的介电频率特性和铁电特性

以硫铝酸盐水泥为基体, 铌锂锆钛酸铅[ 0. 08Pb (Li_1/4 Nb_3/4 ) O₃ ·0. 47PbTiO₃ ·0. 45PbZrO₃ ] (简称PLN)压电陶瓷颗粒为功能体制备了0-3 型水泥基压电复合材料。利用X 射线衍射(XRD) 和扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 对水泥基压电复合材料的相组成和显微结构进行了分析和观察, 重点研究了水泥基压电复合材料的介电频率特性和铁电特性。结果表明, 压电陶瓷颗粒与硫铝酸盐水泥的水化产物结合良好; 随着PLN 含量的增加, 复合材料的介电常数ε_r 、剩余极化强度Pr和矫顽电场强度Ec均增大; 在40～100 kHz 频率范围内, 水泥基压电复合材料的介电常数ε_r均随频率的增大而迅速降低, 这主要受复合材料中的界面极化所影响, 高频时, 介电常数变化较小, 表现出良好的高频介电稳定性; 复合材料的电滞回线发生畸变的原因主要是PLN 压电陶瓷破碎成颗粒后, 本身存在许多缺陷, 且与水泥复合后存在许多界面气孔。      

铌镁酸铋-钛酸铅压电陶瓷准同型相界附近的性能和相变温度研究

利用传统固相烧结法制备了Bi(Mg_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃-PbTiO₃(BMN-PT)压电陶瓷, 分析了不同PbTiO₃含量对BMN-PT压电陶瓷的晶体结构、介电、压电及铁电性能的影响. XRD结果表明: 合成的BMN-PT陶瓷具有纯钙钛矿结构, 并且在PbTiO₃含量为x=0.60时, 其组分的XRD图谱在衍射角2θ=45°出现明显的分峰, 说明该组分相结构中存在三方和四方相的共存. 压电铁电性能显示, BMN-0.60PT有最大的压电常数d₃₃(~170pC/N)和平面机电耦合系数k_p(0.35), 最小的矫顽场E_c(29.4 kV/cm)及最大的剩余极化P_r(31.4 μC/cm²). 确定了BMN-PT压电陶瓷的准同型相界(MPB)为PbTiO₃含量x=0.60的组分. 介电系数温谱表明介电系数峰值温度(Tm)随着PbTiO₃含量的增大而升高, MPB组分的Tm约为276℃.     

CaxSr1-xBi2Nb2O9无铅压电陶瓷制备及其高温稳定性研究

采用传统固相法制备了Ca_xSr_1-xBi₂Nb₂O₉ (x=0、0.10、0.25、0.40)无铅压电陶瓷, 研究了Ca²⁺掺杂量对其微观结构、电学性能及其高温稳定性的影响。掺入Ca²⁺并未改变SrBi₂Nb₂O₉陶瓷的晶体结构; 随着Ca²⁺掺杂量的增加, 陶瓷晶粒由片状向长条状转变; 陶瓷的矫顽场(E_c)下降, 剩余极化强度(P_r)先增大后减小; 陶瓷的居里温度由450℃升高到672℃。当x=0.10时, 陶瓷具有较好的综合性能: 2P_r=14.8 μC/cm², d₃₃=22 pC/N, T_c=488℃; 当退火温度达到400℃时, 压电常数d₃₃仍达到20 pC/N, 说明该材料具有较好的温度稳定性, 可以在400℃的高温环境中应用。     

Li补偿量对铌酸盐基无铅压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

采用传统固相烧结工艺, 在1000℃成功制备了致密度较高、微观形貌较好的Li_0.05+x(Na_0.535K_0.48)_0.95NbO₃ (L_xNKN)压电陶瓷. 考察了Li补偿量对L_xNKN陶瓷致密度、微观结构、相结构、居里温度及电学性能的影响. 结果发现: 添加过量Li不仅促进陶瓷的烧结, 而且降低陶瓷的烧结温度. XRD图谱分析和相应的晶格常数计算表明, 在x=0.010~0.015范围内出现了四方-正交两相共存的多形态相界(PPT). 由于PPT的出现, 在最佳补偿量x=0.015处, 陶瓷的压电常数d₃₃、机电耦合系数k_p、介电常数ε_r和剩余极化强度P_r分别达到各自的最大值282 pC/N、44%、942和27 μC/cm². 与化学计量比的LNKN陶瓷相比, L_xNKN陶瓷的居里温度随Li补偿量的增加变化很小, 这可能是由于Li主要是起助烧作用而进入主相晶格很少的缘故. 研究工作为低温制备高性能铌酸盐系压电陶瓷提供了一种新的思路.     

两步包裹法制备0.68PMN-0.32PT压电陶瓷及其性能研究

利用两步包裹法,在850℃低温合成出纯钙钛矿结构的0.68Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3(PMN)-0.32PbTiO3(PT)粉体材料.合成过程中通过TG-DSC分析了其反应过程,并利用XRD、SEM分析了粉体的相结构与陶瓷的微观形貌,指出经1170℃烧结的0.70PMN-0.30PT陶瓷显现出较好的性能,1kHz的室温介电常数达到3530,压电常数达到370pC/N,剩余极化强度为33.8μC/c㎡,矫顽场Ec=6.66kV/cm.烧结温度比常规方法低了约100℃,这种方法也可以推广应用到其它铅基弛豫铁电陶瓷的制备上.     

BaZrO3掺杂对(K0.49Na0.51)0.98Li0.02(Nb0.77Ta0.18Sb0.05)O3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与电性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备了(K_0.49Na_0.51)_0.98Li_0.02(Nb_0.77Ta_0.18Sb_0.05)O₃-xBaZrO₃ (NKNLST-xBZ, x = 0~0.020 mol)无铅压电陶瓷, 系统研究了BaZrO₃的掺杂量对陶瓷的压电、介电、机电和铁电性能的影响。结果表明: 随着BaZrO₃掺杂量x的增加, 陶瓷的晶体结构由正交相向四方相转变, 在x=0.005~0.008区间出现正交相与四方相两相共存的区域, 在此区域内陶瓷的晶粒变得细小且均匀, 介电损耗tanδ大幅降低, 压电常数d₃₃和平面机电耦合系数k_p增加。该体系陶瓷的介电常数ε T 33 /ε0则随着BaZrO₃的增加持续增加, 相变温度则向低温方向移动。当x=0.005时, 该组成陶瓷具有最佳的综合性能: 压电常数d33=372 pC/N, 平面机电耦合系数kp=47.2%, 介电损耗tanδ=3.1%, 以及较高的介电常数ε^T₃₃ /ε₀=1470和居里温度T_c=208℃。     

铌钽酸钠钾锂-铟酸铋铁电压电性能的研究

采用传统固相合成法制备了(1-x)(0.97Na_0.5K_0.5NbO₃+0.03LiTaO₃)+xBiInO₃[(1-x)(KNN+LT)+xBI]无铅压电陶瓷, 研究了该体系的晶体结构、压电、铁电与介电性能。结果表明: (1-x)(KNN+LT)+xBI陶瓷的晶体结构在室温下为正交相和四方相两相共存, 随着BI含量的增加, 四方相含量逐渐增多, 居里温度T_c降低, 但是正交四方相转变温度T_o-t呈现升高趋势, 晶格参数逐渐增大。随着BI含量的继续增加, Bi在高温下的挥发导致氧空位的增多, 从而使材料性能下降。在x=0.0015时得到组分的最佳性能, 其居里温度T_c、相转变温度T_o-t、压电常数d₃₃、剩余极化P_r、矫顽场E_c分别达到400℃、126℃、160 pC/N、19.26 μC/cm2和7.75 kV/cm。     

硬脂酸表面改性对PLZT压电陶瓷粉末注射成型性能的影响

以硬脂酸为粉末改性剂, 聚乙二醇/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/聚甲醛(PEG/PVB/POM)为粘结剂体系制备锆钛酸铅镧(PLZT)粉末注射成形喂料, 并通过先水脱脂后烧结的工艺制备了PLZT压电陶瓷。研究了硬脂酸用量对粉末特性、喂料黏度、水脱脂率以及坯体强度的影响, 并对烧结后陶瓷的微观形貌与电性能进行对比与分析。结果表明：硬脂酸通过湿法改性成功包覆于PLZT粉体表面, 硬脂酸改性打破了粉末间的团聚, 且当硬脂酸包覆量为2wt%时, 喂料具有较低的剪切黏度及较高的坯体弯曲强度。但过量改性反而使得喂料黏度上升, 坯体弯曲强度下降。改性后的粉体在坯体内分散均匀, 烧结后的陶瓷晶粒生长完善, 具有更大的烧结致密度。与未改性的PLZT陶瓷相比, 在2 kV/mm极化电压下, 2wt%硬脂酸改性的PLZT的压电常数d₃₃由638 pC/N提高为682 pC/N。     

钙钛矿型低铅压电陶瓷的制备与性能研究

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了钙钛矿型低铅压电陶瓷xPbTi0.4716Zr0.4834（Mn1/3Sb2/3）0.0450O3-（1-x）（K0.485Na0.485Li0.03）NbO3[xPMS-（1-x）KNLN],研究了该陶瓷体系的结构和介电、压电与铁电性能以及这些结构和性能与工艺条件的关系。XRD分析表明,随着烧结温度的升高,陶瓷晶相由焦绿石相与赝立方钙钛矿相共存转变为单一的四方钙钛矿相;SEM分析表明,在烧结过程中产生了以（K0.485Na0.485Li0.03）NbO3组分为主的液相,并在烧结温度提高的过程中产生孔洞出现-孔洞消失的现象;电学测试表明,xPMS-（1-x）KNLN陶瓷具有良好的性能,在x=0.75、烧结温度为1250℃时,陶瓷的性能参数为压电常数d33=182pC/N,机电耦合系数kp=34.5%,居里温度TC=165℃,剩余极化强度Pr=21.2μC/cm2,矫顽场强Ec=1.47kV/mm,介电常数εr=1879,介电损耗tanδ=0.92%。     

铌酸钠钾基压电陶瓷的结构与性能研究

采用传统的固相反应合成法制备了结构较为致密的0.9(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.1LiSbO3(KNN-LS)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了其相结构、压电、介电、损耗以及铁电性质.常温下的压电陶瓷具备四方钙钛矿结构,具有较高的压电系数d33=131pC/N和低的介电损耗tanδ=0.09(10kHz)等优点.另外,常温下的KNN-LS陶瓷存在着较为饱满的电滞回线,其剩余极化率Pr为16.1μC/cm2,矫顽场为EC=14.8kV/cm.性能较KNN压电陶瓷有了较大的提高.     

Microstructure,dielectric and ferroelectric properties of barium zirconate titanate ceramics prepared by microwave sintering

Barium zirconate titanate ceramics were fabricated by microwave sintering. Effects of microwave sintering time on microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of barium zirconate titanate ceramics have been investigated. The result shows that the ceramic samples sintered at 2.5 kW for 15–30 min are single phase perovskite structure and there is no secondary phase observed. As the microwave sintering time extends, barium zirconate titanate ceramics become more uniform and the grain size increases. The data of dielectric properties indicate that the samples prepared by microwave sintering for 15–30 min are the ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transition and the diffuseness of phase transition weakens with the extending of microwave sintering time. As microwave sintering time increases, the remnant polarization increases initially and then decreases. Moreover, the remnant polarization and the coercive field of the samples sintered for 15 and 20 min decrease as measuring frequency increases, but the measuring frequency has little effect on ferroelectricity of the sample sintered for 30 min. The temperature dependences of hysteresis loops further prove that the samples are ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transition.     

Microstructure and electrical properties of K<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Na<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>NbO<Subscript>3</Subscript> lead-free piezoelectric ceramics sintered in low pO<Subscript>2</Subscript> atmosphere

Pure K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics without any dopants/additives were sintered at various temperatures (950–1125 °C) in low pO₂ atmosphere (pO₂?~?10^?6 atm). All ceramics exhibit high relative densities (>?94%) and low weight loss (<?0.6%). Compared to the ceramics sintered in air, the ceramics sintered in low pO₂ exhibit improved electrical properties. The piezoelectric constant d₃₃ and converse piezoelectric constant d₃₃* are 112 pC/N and 119 pm/V, respectively. The ceramics show typical ferroelectric behavior with the remnant polarization of 21.6 µC/cm² and coercive field of 15.5 kV/cm under measurement electric field of 70 kV/cm. The good electrical properties of the present samples are related to the suppression of volatility of the alkali cations during the sintering process in low pO₂ atmosphere.     

Enhanced electrical properties of textured NBBT ceramics derived from the screen printing technique

(001)(pc)-oriented (Na(0.5)Bi(0.5))(0.94)Ba(0.06)TiO(3) (NBBT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were fabricated by the screen printing technique using Na(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3) (NBT) templates. The plate-like NBT template particles were synthesized from bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric Bi(4)Ti(3)O(12) (BiT) precursors by the topochemical method. The screen printed NBBT ceramics with 20 wt% NBT templates contained a large fraction of grains aligned with their c-axis normal to the sample surface, giving a Lotgering factor of 0.486. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of textured NBBT ceramics were anisotropic. Compared with the non-textured NBBT ceramics, the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the textured NBBT ceramics were improved, giving a dielectric constant ?(T)(33)/?(0) of 910, a remnant polarization P(r) of 29.2 μC/cm(2), a coercive field E(c) of 23.5 kV/cm, a piezoelectric coefficient d(33) of 180 pC/N, and a thickness-mode electromechanical coupling coefficient k(t) of 0.485.     

Processing and electromechanical properties of lanthanum-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O<Subscript>3</Subscript> extruded piezoelectric fibres

This article describes the processing and characterisation of lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT)-based ferroelectric fibres for composite transducer applications. X-ray diffraction of the extruded and sintered fibres indicated some lead loss during sintering; however, the fibres exhibited low porosity (1.54%), high maximum piezoelectric strain (4041 ppm) and relatively low coercive field (0.77 kV/mm). The low coercive field of the lanthanum-doped fibres may be advantageous in terms of facilitating polarization of the fibres in composite architectures.     

纳米铌酸钾钠陶瓷的制备及性能

以新型溶胶-凝胶法制备的平均晶粒尺寸为30 nm的铌酸钾钠粉体为原料, 采用放电等离子体烧结工艺, 在烧结温度为900℃, 压力30 MPa, 烧结时间1 min的条件下, 制备得到纯正交相, 相对密度高达99%以上, 平均晶粒尺寸为40 nm的纳米铌酸钾钠陶瓷, 并对该陶瓷的相结构、微观形貌、介电性能和铁电性能进行了研究。结果表明, 与普通微米晶陶瓷不同, 纳米铌酸钾钠陶瓷的室温介电常数仅为341, 并且随温度变化不明显, 表现出明显的介电弛豫现象, 弥散因子γ为1.60, 并具有明显的电滞回线, 矫顽场强度为13.5 kV/cm, 剩余极化为1.5 μC/cm²。尺寸降低所引起的纳米铌酸钾钠陶瓷中晶界相所占的比例增大是其性能变化的主要原因, 并且可以推断, 如果铌酸钾钠陶瓷具有“临界尺寸”, 那么其值应该在40 nm以下。     

Micromachined high frequency ferroelectric sonar transducers

Millimeter-sized ferroelectric monomorph sonar transducers have been built using sol-gel PZT on micromachined silicon wafers. First generation transducer arrays with diaphragms varying in size from 0.2 to 2 mm were tested. Second generation 8×8 arrays have also been built and tested in water in the frequency range of 0.3 to 2 MHz. Improvements to the sol-gel process have yielded high-quality, crack-free PZT films up to 12 μm in thickness, which leads directly to higher sensitivity and figure of merit for acoustic transducers. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ is 140 to 240 pC/N, measured through a double beam laser interferometer. Remanent polarization of 28 μC/cm², a coercive field of 30 kV/cm, and dielectric constant of 1400 were measured on 4-μm thick films. Test results are presented, including frequency response, beam patterns, and sensitivity. High-resolution acoustic images have been generated using these transducers and a four-element underwater acoustic lens. Potential applications for these transducers include high-frequency imaging sonars, medical ultrasound, ultrasonic communication links, and flaw detection (NDT)     

Greatly reduced leakage current and defect mechanism in atmosphere sintered BiFeO3–BaTiO3 high temperature piezoceramics

In current work, the effect of sintering atmospheres (N₂, air and O₂) on the structure, electrical properties, and defect mechanism of 0.8BiFeO₃–0.2BaTiO₃ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics has been investigated. X-ray diffractometer results indicated all the samples crystallized into the rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure which was independent on the sintering atmospheres. Bi-containing impurity phases were observed in N₂ sintered samples while not appearing in other atmospheres. X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis indicated more Fe²⁺ ions, which can result in high leakage current, were involved in N₂ sintered ceramics than that in O₂- and air sintered compositions. However, greatly reduced leakage currents were obtained in N₂ sintered ceramics which should be ascribed to the formation of secondary phases. The largest polarization and lowest leakage current were obtained in the sample sintered in N₂ (2 h), which owned the optimal ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties with piezoelectric constant d ₃₃ = 98 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling factors k _p = 26.1 %, remnant polarization P _r = 25.7 µC/cm², coercive field E _c = 74.6 kV/cm, and a high Curie temperature T _c = 632 °C, respectively.