高比容量酚醛树脂基介孔炭@NiCo2S4制备及电容性能

以甲醛和间苯二酚为碳前驱体,以尿素为氮源,制备出一种酚醛树脂基氮掺杂介孔炭微球(NMC)。然后在其上通过水热法合成NMC@NiCo₂S₄复合材料。采用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱、N₂吸附、X射线衍射及扫描电子显微镜对NMC@NiCo₂S₄的结构进行了研究。将其作为活性物质组装成三电极进行了电化学性能测试。结果显示,当电流密度为1 A/g时,该复合材料比电容高达1010.17 F/g。在1000次充放电循环后,电容保持率为113.28%。所得NMC@NiCo₂S₄可作为高性能超级电容器电极材料。     

NiTiO3/CdIn2S4复合催化剂的制备及其还原六价铬性能

近年来,利用光催化技术去除污水中的重金属离子被认为是一种有前景的绿色技术,设计和制备高效稳定光催化剂是关键。首先利用静电纺丝和高温煅烧法制备了钛酸镍纳米纤维,再通过水热法成功制备钛酸镍/硫铟镉(NiTiO₃/CdIn₂S₄)复合光催化剂。利用XRD、IR、XPS、EDS、SEM、DRS测试手段对复合材料的结构、组成、形貌和吸光能力进行了表征分析。利用PL、i-t测试研究了光生载流子的分离情况。以光催化还原重金属Cr(Ⅵ)溶液为反应模型,考察了催化剂含量、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度对还原效率的影响。光催化结果表明,在室温下,60 min内,20%NiTiO₃/CdIn₂S₄(20 mg)复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)(20 mL;160 mg/L)的还原效率达80.58%,分别为纯NiTiO₃和CdIn₂S₄的1.98和1.59倍。此外,通过还原Cr(Ⅵ)循环实验及测试反应前后样品的红外光谱,证明复合催化剂具有良好...     

NiCo2S4/g-C3N4柔性叉指型超级电容制备与电化学性能

近年来,随着柔性电子的快速发展,制造柔性、微型、大面积和低成本的储能器件得到了极大的关注。以六水硝酸镍/钴为原料、硫脲为硫化剂、引入热解g-C₃N₄,通过一步溶剂热制备Ni Co₂S₄/g-C₃N₄纳米复合材料。采用掩膜版将调配的Ni Co₂S₄/g-C₃N₄油墨印刷在柔性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基底形成叉指结构电极,继而涂覆凝胶电解质组装成柔性叉指型超级电容器。结构和电化学性能研究表明：Ni Co₂S₄纳米晶分布生长在g-C₃N₄纳米片层表面,引入的g-C₃N₄起到增强NiCo₂S₄充放电过程中的电荷传输及容纳其体积膨胀的作用,复合材料电极在10 m A/cm²的电流密度下面积...     

谷胱甘肽辅助水热合成NiCo2S4电极材料及其电化学性能

超级电容器作为一种新型储能器件，凭借其高功率密度和超长的使用寿命等优点，已被实际应用于多个领域。在超级电容器组成部件中，电极材料对器件性能优劣起着关键作用，因此制备电化学性能优异的电极材料具有重要意义。采用乙酸镍、乙酸钴为原料，还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)为形貌控制剂和硫源，通过水热法制备Ni Co₂S₄电极材料，并研究了水热反应时间对Ni Co₂S₄微观结构、形貌、电化学性能的影响。结果表明：在GSH作用下制备的Ni Co₂S₄材料呈现“蛋黄–蛋壳”结构；当电流密度为0.5 A/g时，比电容为1 552.7 F/g；在电流密度为10 A/g条件下可以保持61.3%的比电容；经过2 000次循环后，Ni Co₂S₄电极材料的比电容保持率可以维持在79.3%。分别以Ni Co₂S₄与活性炭为正负极组装一个混合型超级电容器，在功率密度为800 W/kg时可以提供33.9 W·h...     

Gel/CS/PPy/Zn3In2S6凝胶对酸性品红的综合处理

氧化降解是治理有机废水的常用方法之一，但是降解过程中形成的小分子物质可能会对水体形成二次污染。鉴于此，将Zn₃In₂S₆包埋在明胶/壳聚糖/聚吡咯(Gel/CS/PPy)凝胶中制备出Gel/CS/PPy/Zn₃In₂S₆复合材料，实现凝胶吸附和光催化降解相耦合。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis-NIR)对材料的结构及性能进行表征。以酸性品红(AF)为处理对象，开发出吸附富集和原位降解相结合的综合处理方法。Gel/CS/PPy凝胶体系可将AF从污染水体中转移到凝胶内，实现AF的大容量吸附富集，吸附效率可以达到93.74%,凝胶中的Zn₃In₂S₆可以将吸附的AF氧化降解，并再生吸附位点。最终Gel/CS/PPy/Zn₃In₂S₆可重复利用至少6次以上，处理效率保持在90%以上。     

MOFs/PEI混合基质膜的制备及CO2分离性能研究

二氧化碳的分离和捕获对可持续发展具有重要意义。聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)具有优异的耐溶剂、耐高温、选择性高等优势，然而CO₂渗透性能低成为限制其进一步发展的关键瓶颈。通过引入2种三维MOFs颗粒[UIO-66和MIL-101(Cr)]及2种二维MOFs纳米片[CuBDC和Zn₂(bim)₄]制备了4种MOFs/PEI混合基质膜(MMMs),对膜的物理化学性质及CO₂分离性能展开深入研究。结果表明MOFs的引入大幅提高了PEI膜的CO₂扩散系数及分离性能，并改善了PEI膜的抗CO₂塑化性能。同时，相比三维MOFs颗粒，二维CuBDC纳米片与PEI表现出更高的相容性，其填料含量为20%时MMMs的CO₂渗透通量相比纯PEI膜提高了3.5倍，其CO₂/CH₄选择性提高了2.2倍。以二维MOFs纳米片为功能性填料制备混合基质膜用于CO₂分离是一种有效的策略。     

NiCo2S4/N,S-rGO纳米复合材料的制备和电化学储钠性能

NiCo₂S₄是一种极具发展前景的钠离子电池(SIBs)负极材料。采用简单的一步法(混合和热处理)原位合成了锚定在N、S共掺杂还原氧化石墨烯上的纳米颗粒自组装的NiCo₂S₄亚微米球(NiCo₂S₄/N,S-rGO)。XPS表明了NiCo₂S₄与N,S-rGO之间存在电子转移,证实了NiCo₂S₄与N,S-rGO之间强的协同作用。纳米粒子自组装的NiCo₂S₄亚微米球有效地促进了离子的扩散,N,S-rGO优异的电学和力学性能不仅提高了电极的导电性,而且有效地缓冲了充/放电过程中NiCo₂S₄/N,S-rGO的体积变化。NiCo₂S₄/N,S-rGO作为SIBs的负极材料呈现出高可逆容量,优越的倍率性能和长期稳定性(在电流密度为0.5 A/g时循环130次后仍保持了396.7 mA·h/g的高比容量。即使在电流密度为2 A/g时,经过1000次循环后比容量仍保持在283.3 mA·h/g)。研究结果为高效负极材料的设计和合成提供了新的思路。     

三维Ni3S2@NiCo-LDH纳米复合材料合成及其电氧化尿素制氢性能研究

为设计高效、廉价和耐用的催化裂解水制氢电催化剂,合成了Ni₃S₂纳米线@NiCo-LDH纳米复合材料(Ni₃S₂@NiCo-LDH)。结果表明,该复合材料具有大量的活性位点,表现出很好的电催化制氢性能。在含有尿素的KOH电解液中,Ni₃S₂@NiCo-LDH电极材料仅需1.373 V就能达到10 mA/cm²的电流密度。在双电极体系Ni₃S₂@NiCo-LDH//Pt中,电流密度为10 mA/cm²时电压仅为1.463 V。因此,Ni₃S₂@NiCo-LDH纳米复合材料是一种优良的新型催化水解产氢电催化剂。     

g-C3N4/TiO2复合材料制备及其处理罗丹明B研究

为高效去除有机染料，分别以g-C₃N₄和TiO₂为有机半导体和无机半导体原料，通过水热法合成一系列不同质量配比的g-C₃N₄/TiO₂复合材料，利用正交实验L₁₆(4⁵)探究g-C₃N₄/TiO₂复合材料处理罗丹明B模拟印染废水的最适宜工艺条件。结果表明，最适宜工艺条件为：光照时间为180 min、m(g-C3N4)∶m(TiO2)为20∶30、投加量为2.0 g/L、罗丹明B模拟印染废水质量浓度为20 mg/L、pH为6.50，此时罗丹明B去除率可达98.86%。而单一使用g-C₃N₄或TiO₂对比处理罗丹明B模拟印染废水的去除率分别为52.27%和89.71%，说明TiO₂掺杂g-C₃N₄后可以更好地发挥协同去除性...     

(NH4)2S2O8/AC氧化改性电极材料的制备及性能表征

以煤质活性炭(AC)为研究对象,通过(NH₄)₂S₂O₈氧化改性提高其电吸附性能。将活性炭材料制备成电极并在电容去离子技术(EST)下进行实验,对改性前后活性炭的表面形貌、表面官能团、孔结构变化进行对比分析。结果表明,活性炭经过1.5 mol/L的(NH₄)₂S₂O₈改性后比电容最大;改性后的活性炭电极比电容增大,改性后相比改性前孔容、平均孔径均下降;改性后的材料表面光滑、杂质较少、孔隙结构发达、含氧官能团增多;利用单因素和Box-Behnken响应面法得到改性后材料制备的最佳工艺为：1.59 g的AC在54.22℃下氧化改性4.93 h,电极比电容为259.850 F/g,改性后电极的CV曲线证明由于其含有赝电容从而使电化学性能得到提高。     

氧化石墨烯-TiO2复合材料对三种染料的吸附动力学及光催化性能

通过在氧化石墨烯分散溶液中水解钛酸丁酯成功制备氧化石墨烯-TiO₂复合材料（GO-TiO₂）,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、全自动比表面及孔径分析仪（BET）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）等对样品进行了表征。研究了GO10-TiO₂对亚甲基蓝（MB）、甲基橙（MO）和罗丹明B（RhB）3种染料的吸附动力学和光催化性能。结果表明：TiO₂颗粒均匀地附着在GO片层表面;GO10-TiO₂对3种染料的吸附过程为多层吸附,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型;在25℃条件下GO10-TiO₂对废水中MB、MO和Rh B的吸附因共轭结构、极性等的差异而呈现选择性吸附,吸附容量分别为9.2mg/g、5.4mg/g和23.0mg/g。对3种染料废水的光催化降解效果与吸附性能相关联,吸附容量越大降解效率越高,光催化反应60min时,MB、MO和Rh B降解率分别为89%、75%和98%。     

Preparation and characterization of poly(glycerol sebacate)/cellulose nanocrystals elastomeric composites

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is one of the new elastomers used for soft tissue engineering, while improving its limited mechanical strength is the biggest challenge. In this work, a novel biodegradable elastomer composite PGS/cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was prepared by solution‐casting method and the mechanical properties, sol–gel contents, crosslink density, and hydrophilic performance were characterized. The thermal and degradation properties of composites were also investigated. Results show that the addition of CNCs into PGS resulted a significant improvement in tensile strength and modulus, as well as the crosslink density and the hydrophilicity of PGS. When the CNCs loading reached 4 wt %, the tensile strength and modulus of the composite reached 1.5 MPa and 1.9 MPa, respectively, resulting 204% and 158% increase compared to the pure PGS. Prolonging the curing time also improved the strength of both the neat PGS and PGS/CNCs composites according to the association and shift of hydroxy peaks around 3480 cm^?1. DSC results indicate that the addition of CNCs improved both the crystallization capacity and moving capability of PGS molecular chain. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42196.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of plasticized poly(L‐lactide) nanocomposites with organo‐modified montmorillonites

Nanocomposites of poly(lactide) (PLA) and the PLA plasticized with diglycerine tetraacetate (PL‐710) and ethylene glycol oligomer containing organo‐modified montmorillonites (ODA‐M and PGS‐M) by the protonated ammonium cations of octadecylamine and poly(ethylene glycol) stearylamine were prepared by melt intercalation method. In the X‐ray diffraction analysis, the PLA/ODA‐M and plasticized PLA/ODA‐M composites showed a clear enlargement of the difference of interlayer spacing between the composite and clay itself, indicating the formation of intercalated nanocomposite. However, a little enlargement of the interlayer spacing was observed for the PLA/PGS‐M and plasticized PLA/PGS‐M composites. From morphological studies using transmission electron microscopy, a finer dispersion of clay was observed for PLA/ODA‐M composite than PLA/PGS‐M composite and all the composites using the plasticized PLA. The PLA and PLA/PL‐710 composites containing ODA‐M showed a higher tensile strength and modulus than the corresponding composites with PGS‐M. The PLA/PL‐710 (10 wt %) composite containing ODA‐M showed considerably higher elongation at break than the pristine plasticized PLA, and had a comparable tensile modulus to pure PLA. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of the composites decreased with increasing plasticizer. The addition of the clays did not cause a significant increase of T_g. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

坡缕石/Al掺杂CdS复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B

采用溶剂热法制备了坡缕石/Al掺杂CdS复合材料(PGS/CdS-Al),运用XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis DRS及PL对材料的结构、形貌以及光学性能进行了表征.结果表明,Al元素成功掺杂到CdS中,CdS的晶体结构没有改变,但其禁带宽带变宽.可见光照射下,该复合材料对孔雀石绿、亚甲基蓝、甲基橙、结晶紫、罗丹明B有机染料均有光催化降解活性,且对罗丹明B的光催化降解效果最好.光照40 min,质量浓度为0.67 g/L 15％PGS/CdS-Al(15％为PGS的负载量,以生成的CdS质量计)对30 mL质量浓度为20 mg/L罗丹明B的降解率为98.7％,反应主要活性基团是h+.该降解反应符合一级动力学,反应速率常数为0.067 min–1.     

Poly ionic liquid cryogel of polyethyleneimine: Synthesis,characterization, and testing in absorption studies

Here, we report the synthesis of polyethyleneimine (PEI) cryogels for the first time via cryopolymerization technique. The crosslinking of amine groups on the branched PEI chains is accomplished with epoxy groups of glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) based on epoxy–amine reactions in excess water at ?18 °C in about 16 h. Superporous PEI cryogels with pore sizes >100 μm were shown to have very fast equilibrium swelling behavior, e.g., 10 s to reach maximum swelling in DI water. Furthermore, the synthesized PEI cryogels were exposed to anion exchange reaction after protonation by HCl treatments to generate PEI ionic liquid cryogels containing hexafluorophosphate, thiocyanate, dicyanamide, and tetrafluoroborate. It was also demonstrated that PEI cryogels modified with [PF₆]^? absorbed 47.8 ± 5.7 mg/g of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Moreover, PEI cryogels were shown to be very useful as simple filtration filling materials for the direct removal of organic dyes such as methyl orange (MO) and eosin Y (EY) from their corresponding aqueous solutions with 98.5 and 98.6% yields, respectively. The separation of methylene blue (MB) from MO and EY mixture by using PEI cryogels as column filler materials was also demonstrated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43478.     

Eco-friendly natural rubber–silver (NR–Ag) composites for photo-assisted degradation of methyl orange dye

An environmental friendly, low cost composite for the photo-assisted degradation of methyl orange (MO) is proposed. Here, natural rubber–silver (NR–Ag) composites are formed through soft thermal reduction. The characteristics of the NR–Ag composites were investigated using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The deposition of Ag on the surface of natural rubber was proven by the XRD diffraction peaks, attributed to metallic Ag and the appearance of the surface plasmon resonance of Ag, at ~ 420–460 nm in the UV–vis spectrum. The degradation of MO dye by NR–Ag composite under UV light source showed positive results for the degradation of dye even with minute amounts of Ag content. The degradation mechanism of MO involved the generation of hydroxyl radicals from the UV-irradiated NR–Ag composite by the formation of superoxide species as the important radical intermediate. Several parameters such as the Ag salt concentration and pH of the MO dye were investigated. Complete degradation of MO was achieved when the composites containing 2 × 10^?3 wt% of Ag (NR–Ag₄) were employed at pH 3. Under this condition, complete degradation occurred within 30 min. Kinetic studies were conducted to understand the degradation phenomenon.     

Properties of polyetherimide/graphite composites prepared using ultrasonic twin‐screw extrusion

The dispersion of various graphites in polymers is a challenging problem limiting their potential use. To solve this problem, an ultrasound assisted twin‐screw extruder was developed and utilized to compound polyetherimide (PEI) with untreated nature graphite (UG), modified graphite (MG) and expanded graphite (EG) at concentrations up to 10 wt %. The effect of ultrasonic amplitude on rheological, mechanical and electrical properties of the PEI composites was investigated. Ultrasonic treatment of PEI/UG composites showed little effect on these properties. In contrast, ultrasonic treatment of PEI/MG and PEI/EG composites led to an increase of the storage (G′), loss (G″) moduli and complex viscosity and to a decrease of the damping characteristics. In particular, the PEI/5 wt %EG composite ultrasonically treated at an amplitude of 10 μm showed a 45% higher complex viscosity than the untreated composite at a frequency of 0.5 rad/s. Also, the PEI/5 wt % EG composite treated at an amplitude of 10 μm showed a reduction in the electrical volume resistivity by almost three orders of magnitude leading to a lower percolation threshold. The untreated and treated PEI/UG and PEI/MG composites did not show any percolation within all graphite concentrations studied, due to large size of particles of UG and MG and their strong agglomeration. The ultrasonic treatment showed slight effect on mechanical properties of all these composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41397.     

Nondestructive Modification of Catechol/Polyethyleneimine onto Polyester Fabrics by Mussel‐Inspiration for Improving Interfacial Performance

Co‐deposition of catechol and polyethyleneimine onto polyethylene phthalate (PET) fiber by mussel‐inspiration is conducted and subsequently utilized to prepare polyethyleneimine/catechol modified PET fiber reinforced composites (polyethyleneimine (PEI)/CCh‐m‐PET FRCs). The surface polarity is characterized through the dynamic contact angle. The mechanical performances including tensile, flexural, and short beam shear strength are evaluated. Additionally, the single‐bundle pull‐out tests are carried out with the double‐end method. The analysis reveals that compared to the untreated PET reinforced composite, there are 33.49% and 34.35% increase of the critical load and peak load for PEI‐modified specimens, respectively, meanwhile the critical debonding energy and pull‐out energy calculated increase by 28.46% and 24.47%, respectively. The interlaminar shear strength and interfacial shear strength of modified PET can reach the values of 145.89 and 20.88 MPa, which are significantly improved by 58.01% and 70.94%.     

Friction and wear studies of polyetherimide composites under oscillating sliding condition against steel cylinder

Tribological properties of neat polyetherimide (PEI), glass, carbon fiber, and solid lubricants filled PEI composites are presented in this article. The aim of this study was to investigate the friction and wear properties of these composites under dry oscillating sliding condition at room temperature (RT) as well as at elevated temperature (120°C). The polymer specimens were made to oscillate against steel cylinder as a counterpart. The friction and wear properties of PEI and composites were strongly influenced by the temperature. Incorporation of carbon fiber in the PEI matrix has increased the wear rate at RT, while at elevated temperature this trend was opposite. Abrasive action of carbon fibers has severely damaged the counterpart and resulted in accelerated wear of the composite at RT. Solid lubricants filled (PTFE, MoS₂, graphite) along with glass fiber is beneficial in improving the friction and wear performance of the PEI composite at RT, whereas at elevated temperature wear performance was deteriorated. Tribological performance of neat PEI and glass fiber composite was similar with each other at RT. Scanning electron micrographs and optical micrographs of the worn polymer specimens and the steel cylinders was used to study the possible wear mechanisms. The present test results were also compared with data available on the reciprocating wear of PEI and composites in the literature and trends have been reported. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:48–60, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Co负载TiO2/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料的水热法合成及光催化性能

首先采用改进的Hummers法制得氧化石墨烯(GO)，再利用氧化石墨烯为基体，硫酸钛和氯化钴为前驱体，并通过修饰石墨烯的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为交联剂，采用一步水热法成功合成了三维柱状自组装的钴负载TiO2/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料(Co@/TiO2/PEI/RGO)。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱法、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对复合材料的结构和光电性能进行了表征。在紫外和可见光照条件下，研究了复合材料的光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的性能。结果表明钴负载TiO2/RGO纳米复合材料具有较高的光催化活性，在60min内降解率为99%，可循环至少10次。