液体甲壳质——化妆品新原料

液体甲壳质(Chitin liquid)是日本一公司开发的以蟹、虾等海产动物壳的组成成分甲壳质为基质的化妆品用新原料。该公司目前已付诸商品化。液体甲壳质系甲壳质的一种衍生物,是含有阳离子性高分子多糖体羧甲基甲壳质的     

人造纤维

20052042在缓和条件下甲壳质和脱乙酰甲壳质的溶解和再生Tokura Seiichi…;Advanecs in Chitin Science,2002,5,p.104(英)寻找甲壳质在各种溶剂系统中由氯化钙二水合物饱和甲醇溶液(钙-甲醇)所组成的缓和溶剂系统的溶解性能。较低分子量的甲壳质在室温下呈现出较高的溶解性,而在较高分子量下2%(W/V)就为最高的浓度。用无离子水或乙醇稀释的甲壳质溶液制备成甲壳质水凝胶,甲壳质非织造布的制备所用的甲壳质水凝胶多半不需要加粘合剂,因为水凝胶再生时会粘结。然而脱乙酰甲壳质在(钙-甲醇)溶剂中溶解困难,已开发氯化钙和乙醇溶液用作室温下…     

甲壳质及甲壳质纤维降解性能的研究

介绍了甲质的结构、生物合成、甲壳质及甲壳质纤维在医疗保健方面的产品开发和应用以及甲壳质及甲壳质纤维的降解性能。阐述了甲壳素／壳聚糖水解酶的研究现状和新进展。     

甲壳质与壳聚糖纤维

甲壳质是从虾、蟹及昆虫的外壳中提炼出来的一种天然生物高聚物．壳聚糖由甲壳质经脱乙酰基而得。本文介绍了甲壳质、壳聚糖纤维和伤口敷料研制的历史及发展趋势。文中描述了甲壳质、壳聚糖及其纤维的结构性质,制备方法和缝合线,伤口敷料的应用．     

甲壳质·几丁聚糖含量测定简易方法的研究

１前言甲壳质·几丁聚糖是从甲壳类动物、昆虫及其它无脊椎动物外壳中先提取出甲壳质（ＣＴ）,再经脱乙酰基而成。由于甲壳质氨基上的乙酰基并未全部脱去,从而形成甲壳质和几丁聚糖（ＣＴＳ）的聚合体。它是一种含有氨基的、具有阳离子性质的天然高分子动物性食物纤维,...     

人造纤维

20055036脱乙酰甲壳质/S-羧甲基角蛋白(SCMK)纤维的制备和特征Minkyunghys…;Advance in Chitin Science,2002,6,p.301(英)通过在凝固浴中添加S-羧甲基角蛋白(SCMK)纤维,脱乙酰甲壳质纤维的强度能够提高。有50厘泊脱乙酰甲壳质制成的纤维比未拉伸纤维呈现出优越的强度。随着拉伸比的增加,脱乙酰甲壳质和脱乙酰甲壳质/SCMK纤维,两者的纤度会下降,同时强度和伸长上升,这归结于较好的取向。脱乙酰甲壳质纤维呈现出66%~72%的细菌下降率,而脱乙酰甲壳质/SCMK纤维呈现出21%~25%的细菌下降率,这预示涂上SCMK后丧失了抗微生物的活性。(汪…     

人造纤维

20071030二丁酞甲壳质的敏感性和可再生甲壳质纤维在脂肪酶作用下的解酞化和解聚化MuzzarelliC一:Carbohydrate Polymers，2004，56(2)，P .1 37(英)通过对湿纺甲壳质纤维(OBC)以及甲壳质非织造布进行IR光谱和X射线衍射光谱的测试，发现二丁酸甲壳质是通过丁(酸)醉醋化获得的，     

甲壳质的应用研究现状

甲壳质无色、无毒、无味、耐晒、耐热、耐腐蚀,具有吸附性、吸收性、和亲和性等优良特性。文章主要综述了国内外甲壳质在农业、工业、医学上的开发和应用进展情况及甲壳质的应用前景。     

甲壳质的制备及其在医学上应用

本文主要介绍了甲壳质的性质,生产原理和生产方法,叙述了甲壳质在现代化医学上的应用。     

化纤应用及处理

TQ340.6520133243用于制备生物活性聚酯的甲壳质和载银甲壳质纳米颗粒的合成及其特性Ali S.Wazed…;Carbohydrate Polymers,2011,83(2),p.438(英)文章聚焦于甲壳质纳米颗粒(CSN)的合成,通过与三聚磷酸钠进行离子型凝胶反应,随后加载银离子,生产载银甲壳质纳米颗粒(Ag-CSN)。载银的目的是在纳米颗粒成形过程中强化甲壳质的抗菌性,这样,当其被应用于聚酯织物时可提高杀菌性。CSN和Ag-CSN的平均颗粒尺寸分别是115nm和165nm。     

硼酸钙对铜渣中夹杂铜沉降效果的影响

考察了添加剂CaB2O3对转炉铜渣中夹杂铜沉降效果的影响，并结合铜渣的粘度测试及红外光谱表征，研究其影响机理，采用FactSage软件计算了添加剂对铜渣液相线温度的影响。结果表明，随添加剂含量增大，铜渣中夹杂铜的沉降效果逐渐增强，添加剂含量由0增至6wt%时，底部渣含铜量由4.10wt%增至6.85wt%，这是由于添加剂可有效降低铜渣粘度。随添加剂含量增大，渣粘度降低，但降低效果随温度增大而趋于平缓。随添加剂含量增大，铜渣的硅酸盐结构趋于简化，添加剂通过破坏铜渣复杂的硅酸盐结构降低铜渣粘度。铜渣的液相线温度随添加剂含量增大而减小，添加剂通过减少渣中固体颗粒的方式降低铜渣粘度。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Charakterisierung von Suspensionen nanoskaliger Partikel mittels Ultraschallspektroskopie und elektroakustischer Methoden

Technical control over dispersions with particles in the nanometer size realm should bring about a boost in innovations for some parts of industry. Requirements for the development of these new products is the accurate characterization of the various materials systems. A characterization should always include a determination of the particle size distribution, since it is coupled to the specific effects of these systems. Ultrasound measurement techniques and electroacoustics are two if the available techniques that allow determination of the size distribution and zeta potential of particles with dimensions up to 10 nanometers. A further fundamental advantage of the method is the possibility of carrying out measurements in high‐concentration materials systems. This report describes ultrasound spectroscopy for the measurement of fine‐ and very‐fine‐dispersion particles, and the known theoretical concepts for the interpretation of spectra. In addition, experiences in the use of currently available measurement techniques are presented.     

Trapping the western pine beetle at and near a source of synthetic attractive pheromone Effects of trap size and position

Western pine beetles were caught on unbaited sticky traps placed near a source ofexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Size of trap, distance and direction from the source of attractant, and height from the ground were varied. Significant differences in trap catch were observed in relation to each of the variables. Traps close to the source of attractant caught more beetles than traps farther from the source. Traps downwind of the source of attractant caught more beetles than did upwind traps. More males than females were trapped close to the source of attractant.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the senior author to the University of California, Berkeley, California, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in entomology, December 1976. These studies were supported by the U.S. Forest Service and in part by the Rockefeller Foundation and a joint grant (NSF GB-34718/BMS 75-04223) from the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to the University of California. The findings, opinions, and recommendations are not necessarily those of the University of California or the funding agencies.Trade names and commercial enterprises or products are mentioned solely for information and do not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or University of California.     

Mechanical Means of Enhancing Drying Rates: Effect on Drying Kinetics and Quality

The effect of various pretreatments on drying kinetics as well as quality parameters of selected vegetables and fruits was studied experimentally in a convective dryer. The pretreatments tested include application of pinholes and drilled holes of different diameters and densities, blanching and freezing. Potato, cassava, dragon fruit and red chilli were used as the sample drying materials. As expected, increase of the diameter and density of the holes under fixed drying conditions increased the drying rate. Samples with drilled holes showed better drying performance than those with pinholes. The improvement of the drying rate was found to be dependent on the physical properties and the initial moisture content of the material. Results show that the drying performance of the products that possess a skin of low moisture diffusivity, such as chilli, can be improved significantly by blanching and making perforations in the skin. Overall changes of color and volume shrinkage during drying of the samples with and without holes were similar. The effect of different modes of heat input, such as convection, conduction and radiation, on the drying performance of the treated samples was also experimentally investigated. On-off type controllers were used to regulate the power of the heaters and maintain the product temperature within a range of pre-set values. Convection combined with radiation displayed the highest drying rate.     

氮气幕对瓦斯爆炸进行阻爆实验

为阻断瓦斯爆炸在管道方向上的传播，保护管道后方区域，本文采用氮气幕来进行阻爆，所设计的实验装置在爆炸发生后能自动喷出氮气。主要研究了氮气的喷气压力和喷气时刻对阻爆功能的影响。结果表明，在喷气压力为0.1MPa时，氮气幕仅起到抑制作用，爆炸火焰能穿过整个实验管道。在喷气压力为0.2MPa时，仅部分实验能够阻爆，氮气幕产生不稳定的阻爆效果。在喷气压力为0.3MPa时，阻爆位置均稳定在左喷头和右喷头之间区域，氮气幕产生稳定地阻爆效果。喷气压力超过0.4MPa后，阻爆位置稳定在右喷头附近。在较低氮气压力0.2MPa下，喷气时刻对阻爆效果产生显著影响。随着喷气时刻延迟，氮气喷出量减小，氮气幕由不稳定阻爆变为不阻爆。喷气时刻延迟到198ms后，氮气幕便丧失阻爆功能。在喷气压力超过0.3MPa后，氮气幕阻爆效果便不受喷气时刻的影响，喷气压力对能否阻爆起决定作用。     

水平及竖直基底上微小固着液滴的蒸发特性分析

为揭示非水平表面上微小蒸发液滴的传热传质特性,本文在准稳态模型的假设下构造三维液滴模型,综合考虑了蒸气扩散、蒸发冷却以及气相域中的自然对流这3种传输机理,对水平以及竖直基底上液滴的蒸发过程进行数值研究。通过分析气液界面上温度分布、蒸发通量分布及总蒸发率的变化,重点探究了基底过热度以及重力的改变对液滴蒸发特性的影响。结果表明：与水平基底上温度的对称分布不同,竖直基底上气液界面温度分布表现出明显的非对称性,且非对称性随基底过热度的升高而增强,最低温度点不再位于液滴顶点,而向一侧偏移。此外,水平基底上气液界面局部蒸发通量呈对称分布,各截面分布相似,而竖直基底上局部蒸发通量分布则呈现出显著的非对称性以及各截面异性,非对称性随着基底过热度的升高而增强,这是重力改变后气相域自然对流发生改变的结果。与水平基底相比,竖直基底上蒸发率更高,总蒸发时间更少。最后,基底由水平变为竖直时,液滴内部流场由对称双涡转变为非对称单涡,单涡流速显著大于双涡流速,液滴内流速随基底过热度的上升而增大,单涡环流造成了气液界面温度分布的改变以及最低温度点的偏移。     

Kinetics of base-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides from Pongamia oil

The kinetics of transesterification of Pongamia oil using methanol at 60°C were studied. The forward as well as the reverse rate constants of all three steps involved in the transesterification of Pongamia oil are reported for the first time. Among the forward rate constants, the one governing the conversion of TG to DG was the highest and the one for DG to MG was the lowest. A distinct feature of the present work is the direct estimation of the equilibrium constants of all three steps by measuring the concentrations of TG, DG, and MG at very long reaction times. This reduced the number of parameters to be, determined from the kinetic data by one-half, thereby leading to more accurate estimation of the rate constants. The equilibrium constant of the final step involving the conversion of MG to methyl ester and glycerol was at least an order of magnitude greater than that of the first two reaction steps. A detailed comparison was made with kinetic parameters reported in literature. The trend in the relative magnitudes of the rate constants appears to be unique to Pongamia oil.     

Breakage patterns of agglomerates

The experimental information available in the literature regarding the patterns of breakage of agglomerate materials is scarce, particularly in dynamic loading. The primary objective of this paper is to present our findings on the breakage patterns of the agglomerates and the interparticle bond. A high-speed digital video imaging technique is used here to gain an insight into the impact behaviour of individual agglomerates against a target plate. Several breakage patterns are observed. Agglomerates may suffer localised damage only, with the disintegration of the damaged zone into very fine debris, or localised damage combined with fracture. The frequency of occurrence of these patterns depends on the impact velocity and agglomerate structure. The pattern of breakage affects significantly the size distribution of the impact product. An investigation of the breakage of individual interparticle bonds is also presented. Two forms of failure are observed, internal (cohesive) and interfacial (adhesive) failure. The morphology of the fractured surface depends greatly on the type of breakage. Internal breakage shows irregular surfaces due to crack jumping, whereas interfacial failure produces clean, smooth fracture surfaces. These observations should provide the necessary foundation for the development of a fundamental model of agglomerate breakage.     

Functional properties of proteins in foods

The measurement of functionality of protein food ingredients has developed somewhat haphazardly, probably due to the wide range of proteins used as ingredients and the diversity of foods. Studies of the physiochemical properties of proteins should enable prediction of a proteins response to process environments and prove more fruitful than many of the empirical measurements of functionality. The effects of pH, salt type and concentration on the phase behaviour of the oilseed globulin and arachin, demonstrates the complexity of protein solubility and the inadequacies of simple tests that have arisen. Studies of the effects of salts and conditioning on meat fibres, coupled with measurement of the location of water in pellets from water holding tests enable the latter to be applied with increased confidence. Comparison of the endothermic transitions observed on heating with the development of storage and loss moduli allow the contributions of domains of skeletal muscle myosin to gel structure to be investigated.