物体热发射率在线测试仪

为了满足航空工业发射率在线测量的迫切需求,提出了一种单罩比值的发射率测量方法.通过热网络法推导了测量原理,对半球罩探测器在测量过程遇到的热电堆冷端温度变化和半球罩背景辐射进行了补偿,得到被测表面实际的辐射信号,再通过若干标准样板对信号电压的比值进行标定得到发射率.实测结果表明,本方法测量发射率的误差低于±0.05,符合在线测量的要求.     

发射率在线检测系统的上位机软件实现

针对发射率在线检测系统,提出了基于Visual C＋＋6.0编程平台,实现计算机对发动机辐射率实时数据采集及处理平台的上位机软件设计,并通过试验验证了本上位机软件的功能。该上位机软件通过串口与多台单片机进行通信,能够实现整个系统的数据采集、曲线显示、数据保存、历史数据读取、发射率计算等功能。上位机界面友好,能够实时显示测量结果并保存测量数据至Access数据库中,实现了数据的开放性、传输能力和测量仪器的人机交互性。     

复合温度传感器有效发射率影响因素分析

为消除复合温度传感器所形成的在线黑体空腔"不等温性"和"非密闭性"对测量的影响,采用矩形区域近似法进行了不等温有效发射率的计算。在分析传感器几何特性、材料发射率、温度分布和环境温度对有效发射率影响的基础上,给出了传感器结构的优化参数。实验表明:优化后的传感器具有较高灵敏度和准确度。     

利用红外热像仪进行物体表面波段法向发射率测量

辐射测温法以其响应速度快、测温范围广的特点得到广泛应用,发射率是影响辐射测温精度的主要参数.实际条件中,不同物体、相同物体不同表面温度及表面状况其发射率是不同的.为获得实际物体的表面波段法向发射率,提高测温精度,采用红外热像仪对其进行测量.在介绍红外热像仪测温原理的基础上,通过分析得出红外热像仪测量发射率的方法.由于红外热像仪探测器、工作波段和测温范围的不同,发射率计算公式中n值也是不同的,对应用的红外热像仪在不同测温范围内的n值进行了计算.应用红外热像仪和比色测温仪对高温陶瓷表面波段法向发射率进行了测量,并对其进行了验证.实验结果表明该方法测得的表面波段法向发射率是可靠的,其修正后测温误差小于1%.     

一种新型光纤高温传感器及其测模的研究

提出的光纤高温传感器解决了辐射测过程中固体发射率的瞬态变化影响的问题并对测量系统的误差进行了分析，也给了实验结果。     

黑体光纤辐射测温及在线检测过程中准确度评价

通过对在线黑体腔积分发射率的计算,用积分发射率评价测温仪的在线测量精度。提出了黑体光纤辐射测温仪表精度计算公式,获得了在线准确的测温的现实方法。     

基于距离补偿的非接触红外测温系统的原理与设计

从红外测温的原理入手,分析了影响红外传感器精度的因素:发射率、环境温度、距离系数,其中距离系数对于测温结果的影响最为明显,并因此设计了一套基于距离补偿的红外测温系统。系统可以自动测量传感器与测温目标之间的距离,并根据补偿公式得到目标的实际温度。通过实验验证,测温系统的精确度得到大幅度的提高,使得传感器的应用范围得到一定的扩展。     

基于互相关的超声非介入测压方法

非介入测压对液压系统的故障诊断与检测具有关键作用,为了提高超声非介入式测压的测量精度,提出了一种基于互相关理论的超声延时计算方法,实验结果与客观实际较为相符,验证了基于互相关理论的超声非介入压力测量技术的可行性,为小管径液压系统的在线压力测量提供了一种新的方法.     

单量子比特系统状态的在线估计

针对具有退相干效应与测量反馈随机噪声的随机开放量子系统, 采用对状态影响较弱的连续弱测量在线获取一系列状态的部分信息, 实现量子状态的在线估计.由泡利矩阵构造初始测量算符, 并推导出在线的随时间变化的测量算符; 基于压缩传感理论来减少测量次数; 采用最小二乘优化算法对自由演化中的量子密度矩阵状态进行重构, 完整地给出了量子态在线估计的过程.所提出的在线量子态估计方案, 在一个量子位系统上进行了系统仿真实验.数值仿真实验结果表明, 在满足压缩传感理论的条件下, 仅需2次连续弱测量所得到的测量值之后, 就可以高精度地实现在线变化的单比特量子密度矩阵估计.     

船舶操纵性约束模测量系统设计与分析

为解决实验室船舶操纵性约束模实验中的测量及数据分析处理技术问题,开发组建实验测量系统,推导数据分析处理方法,以期实现约束模实验的测量与数据在线分析处理。根据前期研究经验,设计了较为完善的测量硬件系统方案;其中为实现约束模中精确的零相位整周期测量要求,采用光电开关利用数据采集卡的硬件触发启动功能来实现,并给出了整数周期测量的方案;利用最小二乘拟合及傅里叶分析等方法推导给出各船舶水动力导数数据处理方法。在此基础上,作为重点编写了完整的在线测量与数据在线分析程序,主要功能内部独立实现;该系统手工介入频度低,基本实现了测量的自动化,效率得到大幅提高。最后展开实际测量验证,数据的拟合结果与测量结果符合良好,验证了本文系统的可靠性;同时处理结果显示船舶附加质量导数Yv同船舶惯性质量很接近,而导数Yr'',Nv''数值很小近于零。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.