FBG位移传感器的标定与不确定度分析

为了提高光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)位移传感器标定精度和实现自动标定,设计一种量程为18 cm的FBG位移传感器校准装置对FBG位移传感器进行在线校准.通过对FBG解调仪测量的波长量和计算得出的位移量进行最小二乘法拟合得到FBG传感器的静态标定系数,并对标定装置和传感器进行不确定度评定.实验结果表明:FBG位移传感器标定平台标定得到FBG位移传感器的灵敏度为0.0145 nm/mm,线性度为99.87％,重复性误差为0.082％,校准装置的测量不确定度为0.11 mm.     

FBG应变传感器标定过程中的不确定度研究

为实现光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)应变传感器静态的性能测试和试验分析,设计了一种量程为700×10-6的FBG应变传感器标定装置对其进行校准实验.通过运用最小二乘法对解调仪中的中心波长和计算得出的应变量进行拟合,得到FBG应变传感器的静态标定系数,并分析标定装置的不确定度大小.结果表明:该FBG应变传感器标定装置合成不确定度是2.55×10-6,标定得出的FBG应变传感器的灵敏度1.37 ×10-3nm/10-6,线性度为99.72％,满足FBG应变传感器的标定要求,该传感器能够运用于工程实际中.     

一种非径向三梁结构六维腕力传感器弹性体及其优化设计

本文介绍了一种新型非径向三梁结构的六维机器人腕力传感器弹性体及其优化设计方法.三梁结构弹性体可提高应变式腕力传感器灵敏度和标定精度,改善径向效应,有利于传感器坐标设置.运用本文介绍的复合形优化设计方法,可使弹性体应梁截面尺寸达到最小,在确保负载能力和分辨率两项主要性能指标的前提下,减小弹性体的自重.它为应变式多维力传感器的设计和研究提供了一种有效的方法.     

安全阀阀瓣膜传感器标定的理论与实验研究

通过对安全阀阀瓣膜传感器进行ANSYS数值模拟和相关实验研究,从理论和实验两方面探索了对阀瓣膜传感器进行标定问题,经过实验验证后,提出了一种准确可行的标定方案.首先,采用ANSYS软件模拟了阀瓣膜传感器承受不同载荷下的应变与压力的关系;同时也设计了一套阀瓣膜传感器的标定实验装置,利用该实验装置对阀瓣膜传感器进行了标定实验.标定实验结果分析表明,阀瓣在承受不同载荷的情况下,应变与压力呈良好的线性关系,线性度达到99.9%,并与相同载荷情况下ANSYS分析结果完全吻合,从而验证了这一标定实验方案的可靠性;通过对阀瓣膜传感器的灵敏度、线性度、重复性、滞后性等指标进行分析,结果显示其参数满足一般传感器的标准,验证了该传感器的可行性.     

航姿参考系统中磁航向传感器误差标定与补偿

对于航姿参考系统中磁航向传感器的输出精度来说,误差环境对其精确度的影响起着很大的作用.为了校正磁航向传感器的误差,提出了一种基于改进最小二乘法的椭球拟合法,对三轴磁传感器误差做快速标定补偿.首先,对磁航向传感器的误差产生机理进行有效分析,然后,针对分析结果建立误差椭球模型,推导出误差系数的解算公式,利用改进的椭球拟合方法对磁航向传感器进行标定和补偿.实验结果表明,改进的椭球拟合方法能够正确快速的标定补偿磁航向传感器的零偏误差、非正交误差、灵敏度误差,在解决当前磁传感器标定补偿计算量大、操作时间长、标定设备要求高等问题上达到了预期的效果,具有补偿效果显著,简单易行等特点.     

用比对测量仪调整称重传感器的灵敏度

描述了目前普遍采用的称重传感器灵敏度的调整方法,介绍了一种用比对方法调整称重传感器灵敏度的比对测量仪,阐述了它的工作原理,给出了它的结构及测试结果。采用此种方法可以调整称重传感器的灵敏度到期望值,并缩短传感器在标定机上的标定时间,降低传感器的标定成本。     

差动式杠杆增敏结构FBG倾角传感器

研制了一种差动式杠杆增敏结构光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)倾角传感器,轻质杆通过杠杆增敏加压原理把质量球的倾斜量转化为悬臂梁的挠度变化,最终引起FBG波长的变化.推导了其数学模型,根据理论计算的数据加工传感器,并对该传感器进行了倾角标定实验和重复性实验.实验结果表明:FBG倾角传感器量程范围-40°～40°,倾角传感器的灵敏度为28.6 pm/(°),拟合度R2为0.997,重复性为0.92％.     

一种磁性目标定位跟踪系统的标定方法

文章磁目标跟踪系统选用霍尼韦尔HMC1043磁传感器阵列来采集永磁体的磁场信息,并实现定位。由于磁场传感器阵列的各传感器位置、方向和灵敏度直接影响系统定位的精确度,所以要求对这些磁传感器参数进行准确的标定。文章针对磁传感器阵列的标定问题提出了目标误差函数和优化计算方法。通过对所有参数的迭代计算和优化更新使目标误差函数达到最小,完成对磁传感器的位置、方向和灵敏度等参数的标定。文章方法已对实际传感器系统实施应用。在MATLAB环境下,PC机采集目标磁体的磁场信号,通过算法计算确定所有磁传感器的位置、方向和灵敏度,完成标定。通过文章方法的标定,系统定位精度有明显的提高,本方法的可行性和合理性也因此得到验证。     

土体微位移精准监测研究

基于光纤光栅传感器制备了一种测量土体内部微变形的位移传感器,该传感器主要包括光纤光栅、PVC(Polyvinyl chloride)管和光纤锚固板.标定试验发现,微位移传感器的最小分辨率为0.0083 mm,灵敏度为0.12 nm/mm,可测量的最大位移为7.58 mm.通过边坡模型试验与有限元模拟计算对比研究发现,有限元计算与光纤光栅传感器的结果吻合较好,3个微位移传感器与有限元计算结果分析所得平均误差仅为0.033 mm,平均误差约为6.7％.本研究制备的微位移传感器具有灵敏度高、制备工艺方便、制备流程快捷、使用方法简单的特点,为土体内部微位移的监测提供了一种新型的测量方式.     

基于Matlab和Origin实现测力传感器的静态标定

为了对用于摩擦磨损试验机的测力传感器进行静态标定,对其进行加载、卸载试验,根据最小二乘原理,分别采用Matlab和Origin 2种功能强大的数据分析软件对试验数据进行线性回归运算得到测力传感器输入一输出数学模型和灵敏度、非线性误差等静态标定指标.结果表明:2种软件标定结果十分接近,且具有各自的特点.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。