NaCl胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

本实验以黑河恳九10号小麦种子为试验材料,用五种不同浓度（0mmol/L、20mmol/L、40mmol/L、60mmol/L、80mmol/L）的NaCl溶液处理小麦种子,以研究盐胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示：盐胁迫对小麦种子的萌及幼苗生长均表现抑制作用,且这种抑制作用随其浓度的升高而更加显著。     

盐胁迫对不同基因型紫苏种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特征的影响

对苏引1、紫野7和紫野10三个不同基因型紫苏在不同浓度（0,50,100,150,200,250mmol／L）盐胁迫下种子萌发、幼苗生长、根系活力、丙二醛及可溶性糖含量、过氧化物酶活性等进行了研究。结果表明：种子发芽率、发芽势、种子活力指数等发芽指标均随盐浓度增加而降低。不同盐浓度胁迫下幼苗培养3周后,随盐浓度增加,幼苗株高、幼苗活力指数、存活率、鲜重、干重和根系活力降低,MDA和可溶性糖增加,POD呈先增加后降低的趋势。三个紫苏品种在种子发芽、幼苗生长和生理变化上均表现出不同的耐盐能力,苏引1耐盐能力最强,紫野7居中,紫野10对盐胁迫最敏感。     

稀土溶液浸种对向日葵生长及生理活性的影响

利用盆栽法研究稀土溶液浸种对向日葵生长及生理活性的影响。试验结果表明，适宜浓度（０．３％）的稀土溶液能够促进向日葵的生长，增加株高，扩大叶面积，刺激根系发育，有利于干物质积累。同时，稀土对叶片中各种光合色素的含量和某些生理生化特性有提高和促进作用。     

盐胁迫下甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长特性研究

以新世纪、美浓1号、新密11号、青边皇后、莎白3号、新玉露6个甜瓜品种为考察对象,研究了0 mmol/L,50 mmol/L,100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L,200 mmol/L,250 mmol/L,300 mmol/L共7种不同浓度盐胁迫下甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长特性,结果显示:低浓度盐胁迫(≤50 mmol/L)可促进甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长发育;100~200 mmol/L盐浓度胁迫最能反映不同甜瓜品种萌发期和苗期耐盐性差异;盐胁迫抑制的只是种子发芽的过程,对最终发芽率影响不大;随着盐胁迫浓度增加,甜瓜种子的发芽速度、发芽指数、活力指数、幼芽伸长生长速度均显著下降,幼苗生长也明显受到抑制,株高显著降低,地上部干重积累和侧根数目显著减少;耐盐指数分析结果显示,6种甜瓜的耐盐能力从大到小依次为美浓1号、新蜜11号、莎白3号、青边皇后、新世纪和新玉露.     

盐胁迫对油菜幼苗离子吸收和分配的影响

以宝杂油1号和本课题组选育品系南盐油11号为材料,比较了100和200mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫10d对两个甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）品种（系）幼苗生长及其离子吸收和分配的效应。结果表明,盐胁迫明显抑制油菜幼苗的生长,其中南盐油11号的耐盐性明显高于宝杂油1号。盐胁迫导致植株盐分（Na＋、Cl-）含量上升,地上部Na＋、Cl-积累明显高于根系;植株体内K＋、Ca2＋含量明显降低。盐胁迫下,维持体内较高的K＋/Na＋、Ca2＋/Na＋比率,维持较高的SK,Na、SCa,Na（离子吸收和运输的K＋、Ca2＋、Na＋选择性比率）是南盐油11号耐盐性高于宝杂油1号的重要原因。     

温度和盐胁迫对油葵种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过测定不同温度和盐胁迫浓度对油葵种子发芽势、发芽率和幼苗生理生化特性指标的影响,发现相同温度条件下,随着盐浓度的升高,油葵种子的发芽势、发芽率呈降低趋势,发芽时间延迟,胚根的生长受到抑制,胚根长、子叶鲜重均呈现下降的趋势;油葵幼苗的叶片和根系的电解质相对外渗率,SOD、POD活性均呈现先升后降的趋势。相同浓度盐胁迫下,油葵种子的发芽势和发芽率随温度的升高而升高,表现出喜温的特性,说明油葵种子在萌发阶段,适宜的高温条件有利于其种子发芽,幼苗对盐胁迫也有较强的适应能力。     

向日葵花盘粉对生长肥育猪生长性能的影响试验

向日葵花盘含粗蛋白１５％左右，且含有多种维生素和矿物质。为了更好地开发利用猪用饲料资源，减少大量向日葵花盘的浪费及减少对周围环境的污染，探讨向日葵花盘对饲喂生长肥育猪的可行性，特作了这一试验。１材料和方法１１向日葵花盘来自农户当年冬初向日葵收获后的...     

低温胁迫下铜对烤烟幼苗生长及抗冷性的影响

摘要:采用溶液培养法研究不同浓度铜对烤烟幼苗生长和POD、PPO活性及MDA、Pro、Chl含量的影响。结果表明: 低温胁迫下CuSO4低于0.08 g/L时,CuSO4施用量增加能促进烟草生长;而高于0.08 g/L时,其生长受到抑制,尤其是根系生长,其抑制程度随CuSO4浓度的增加而加剧。低温胁迫下,POD和PPO活性随CuSO4浓度增加而上升,低浓度时上升较小;MDA含量随CuSO4浓度增加先微下降后递增;Pro则与MDA变化趋势相反;Chl a、Chl b以及Chl总量随CuSO4浓度增加先微增加后递减。      

酸和盐胁迫对乳酸菌活性的影响

该研究以13株食品常见乳酸菌为研究对象,考察酸和盐胁迫对其活性的影响,探究这13株乳酸菌的最适酸、盐生长条件及耐酸、耐盐能力。结果表明,适当的低盐浓度（1%、2%）对部分乳酸菌的生长有促进作用,植物乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为1%,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为2%;盐浓度进一步增大,13株乳酸菌的生长受到抑制;盐浓度为10%时,除戊糖片球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、嗜热链球菌和乳酸片球菌外,其余9株菌的生长抑制率都＞95%。当pH值为5～7时,13株乳酸菌都生长良好,pH=6时,7株乳酸菌活性均最高;随着酸胁迫的增强,13株乳酸菌生长受抑制程度增大;pH为1～3时,13株乳酸菌的生长抑制率都＞90%,高盐及高酸对9株杆菌的抑制作用强于4株球菌。     

硅对盐胁迫下麻疯树种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

添加外源硅溶液后,研究盐胁迫下麻疯树种子萌发和幼苗生长,测定种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、丙二醛（MDA）含量和酶活性（包括SOD、POD和CAT）等指标,调查硅对盐胁迫下麻疯树的生理影响。结果表明,盐胁迫下外源硅处理可显著提高麻疯树种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数。水培营养液中施加外源硅可降低盐胁迫下幼苗叶片的MDA含量,显著提高了SOD和POD活性,部分提高CAT活性（但不显著）。外源硅缓解了盐胁迫的生长抑制作用。外源硅的缓解效应存在浓度差异,终浓度3mmol/L硅的生长缓解作用最好。     

影响向日葵菌核菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）生长和毒素产生的条件研究

为探讨向日葵菌核菌生长和毒素产生的营养和环境条件,研究了在不同培养液、培养时间、培养温度、pH值、碳源、氮源条件下菌核菌生长和毒素的产生情况。结果表明,向日葵菌核菌菌丝生长和产生毒素所需的营养和环境条件不同。有利于菌丝生长的最佳培养液有PD、马铃薯麦芽糖培养液和Richard,最适生长温度为20℃,最适pH为4．0—8．0,最佳碳源为淀粉,最佳氮源为NH4Cl。含有琥珀酸钠的培养液B最有利于菌核菌产生草酸毒素,草酸毒素积累的最适温度为25℃,最适pH为6．0～7．0,最佳碳源为乳糖,最佳氮源有天门冬酰胺和谷氨酸。菌核菌在最佳培养条件下培养10d后菌丝干重和草酸含量都达到最大值。     

Effect of salt stress on phenolic compounds,glucosinolates, myrosinase and antioxidant activity in radish sprouts

The germination, growth, total phenolics, glucosinolate, myrosinase and antioxidant activity of radish sprouts germinated under 0 (control), 10, 50 and 100 mM of NaCl were investigated. The glucoraphasatin (4-methylthio-3-butenyl-glucosinolate), total glucosinolate and total phenolic contents of 5- and 7-day-old sprouts treated with 10 and 50 mM of NaCl were significantly decreased. However, the antioxidant activity of sprouts treated with 10 and 50 mM of NaCl was not affected. The glucoraphasatin and total glucosinolate contents of 5- and 7-day-old sprouts, total phenolic contents of 3- and 5-day-old sprouts were significantly increased and myrosinase activities of 3- and 5-day-old sprouts were inhibited, although the germination was dramatically inhibited by 100 mM of NaCl treatment. These results indicated that salt stress (100 mM of NaCl treatment) could improve the nutritional value of radish sprouts, and germination of sprouts under adequate salt stress could be one useful way to enhance health-promoting compounds of plant food.     

Effect of late-gestation maternal heat stress on growth and immune function of dairy calves

Heat stress during the dry period affects the cow’s mammary gland development, metabolism, and immunity during the transition period. However, the effect of late-gestation heat stress on calf performance and immune status is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of heat stress during the final ∼45 d of gestation on growth and immune function of calves. Calves (17/treatment) were born to cows that were exposed to cooling (CL) or heat stress (HT) during the dry period. Only heifer calves (CL, n = 12; HT, n = 9) were used in measurements of growth and immune status after birth. Heifer calves were managed under identical conditions. All were fed 3.78 L of colostrum from their respective dams within 4 h of birth and were weaned at 2 mo of age (MOA). Body weight (BW) was obtained at weaning and then monthly until 7 MOA. Withers height (WH) was measured monthly from 3 to 7 MOA. Hematocrit and plasma total protein were assessed at birth, 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 21, 25, and 28 d of age. Total serum IgG was evaluated at 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 21, 25, and 28 d of age, and apparent efficiency of absorption was calculated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at 7, 28, 42, and 56 d of age, and proliferation rate was measured by ³H-thymidine incorporation in vitro. Blood cortisol concentration was measured in the dams during the dry period and in calves in the preweaning period. Gestation length was 4 d shorter for HT cows compared with CL cows. Calves from CL cows had greater BW than calves from HT cows at birth (42.5 vs. 36.5 kg). Compared with CL heifers, HT heifers had decreased weaning BW (78.5 vs. 65.9 kg) but similar BW (154.6 vs. 146.4 kg) and WH (104.8 vs. 103.4 cm) from 3 to 7 MOA. Compared with CL, heifers from HT cows had less total plasma protein (6.3 vs. 5.9 g/dL), total serum IgG (1,577.3 vs. 1,057.8 mg/dL), and apparent efficiency of absorption (33.6 vs. 19.2%), and tended to have decreased hematocrit (33 vs. 30%). Additionally, CL heifers had greater peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation relative to HT heifers (23.8 vs. 14.1 fold). Compared with CL, late-gestation HT did not affect the blood cortisol concentration of dams during the dry period or that of the calves in the preweaning period, but CL calves tended to have increased circulating cortisol at birth (7.6 vs. 5.7 µg/dL). We conclude that heat stress of the dam during the dry period compromises the fetal growth and immune function of offspring from birth through weaning.     

苎麻生长期对纤维结构及品质的影响

在不同生长期收割苎麻,然后分别对其纤维结构及品质进行了研究。结果发现,适当地提前收割,苎麻纤维结晶度、取向度减小,木质化程度降低,可改善苎麻织物的刺痒感、柔软性,而且在以后的生产过程中纤维不易脆裂,提高了纤维的导湿、传热等服用性能,并且苎麻纤维的细度大大提高。不仅提高了苎麻原麻的品质,能开发针织产品,而且保持了天然纤维产品的原有特色。     

氮、磷源及海盐对微茫藻细胞生长和油脂积累的影响

为研究营养成分对一株淡水富油微茫藻(Micractinium reisseri)细胞生长和油脂积累的影响。以BG11为基础培养基,分别考察了氮源、磷浓度及海盐浓度的影响。实验结果表明,氯化铵为微茫藻细胞生长和油脂积累的最适氮源,以其为氮源时,微茫藻的油脂产量是原培养基中以硝酸钠为氮源时的1.6倍,缺氮培养条件下,微茫藻细胞油脂含量最高,但生物量较低;培养基中的磷浓度为80mg/L时,微茫藻总脂产量达到最高,为原培养基中磷浓度(40mg/L)时的1.4倍;添加适量海盐能够促进微茫藻的生长,同时该株微茫藻可以耐受比较高的海盐浓度(20g/L),其最适生长和油脂积累的海盐浓度为10g/L,在此浓度下,其总脂产量最高,是未添加海盐时的2.5倍。