Transient coupling analysis using the singularity expansion method

The problem of electromagnetic coupling between objects has been extensively studied within the context of continuous-wave (CW) signals. The problem of coupling between objects for transient excitation has not received as much attention. This paper addresses the problem of transient coupling using the singularity expansion method (SEM). Specifically, the proper physical interpretation of the SEM modes of a system of objects is discussed within the context of observed transient surface currents and scattered fields. It is seen that the SEM modes of the system of objects are global quantities and hence have no clear physical interpretation prior to times when global modes can be established. It is also apparent that the early-time response of the system can be expressed using the SEM modes of the individual objects for some time periods. These observations are important for the effective use of target identification schemes based on natural resonance phenomena in multiple target situations as well as the proper use of SEM in EMC coupling analyses     

衍射高斯波束分析方法

毫米波与亚毫米波在军事、民用方面都有广泛的用途.反射面分析通常采用几何光学法和物理光学法.本文首先对这2种方法进行了简单的比较分析,然后特别介绍了基于几何光学的衍射高斯波束分析方法,并在此基础上将其改进为可以分析三维系统的分析方法.并将其高效性、精确性与基于物理光学的商用软件进行对比验证.可以看出,三维衍射高斯波束分析方法是一种高效准确的分析设计三维准光网络的方法.     

Corrugated horn radiation analysis using vectorial Gaussian beam expansion out of the balanced hybrid conditions

The beam mode expansion method is adapted to analyze the radiation of a corrugated conical horn without any restriction due to the balanced hybrid conditions, assuming an hybrid modal (HE₁₁)feed. The fields are first calculated on the horn’s aperture and then transformed in a modal expansion. The approximations are discussed and illustrated with computer simulations. Achieved results are finally presented to show the interest of this method.     

Extraction of network parameters in the electromagnetic analysis ofplanar structures using the method of moments

Integration of electromagnetic (EM) and circuit analyses for the modeling of spatially distributed microwave and millimeter-wave circuits requires the establishment of ports that are defined in both the circuit and EM realms. Four EM techniques are developed here and contrasted for the extraction of the port network parameters at circuit compatible ports. A full-wave method of-moments EM analysis directly yielding network parameters of a slot-stripline-slot structure is formulated     

高斯光束在光纤间的耦合

高斯光束在光纤之间的耦合方式有多种,常用的一种是准直聚焦的透镜耦合系统。为确定耦合系统的参数,首先分析单透镜对高斯光束的变换,从变换后束腰半径的表达式中看出它受到多个变量的影响,通过作图找到了束腰半径的变化规律。然后把这一规律应用于准直聚焦透镜组成的耦合系统中,得到了确定耦合系统参数的一般方法。最后给出了一个光纤间耦合的实例。     

Gaussian beam mode analysis of the coupling of power between horn antennas

Gaussian beam mode analysis can be applied in an elegant way to study the coupling of power between two horn antennas. Coupling efficiencies are evaluated for a number of horn combinations and the results presented in a straightforward form useful in the design of submillimetre-wave interferometers and astronomical receiver systems. We show that there is a marked variation in efficiency (up to 30%) depending on the coupling optics, even for beams with well matched profiles.     

A note on the coupling efficiency between an antenna and a Gaussian beam

In this communication a note on the coupling efficiency between an antenna and a Gaussian beam is presented. The calculations of the coupling efficiency from both methods, a nomorlized inner product between the antenna radiation pattern and the Gaussian-beam pattern or alternatively, between the electric field at the antenna aperture and a two-dimensional field representation of a Gaussian beam, are compared for different aperture size in wavelength. How a correct solution can be gotten is stated.     

Phase centers of horn antennas using Gaussian beam mode analysis

The power of Gaussian beam mode analysis to accurately describe the propagation of electromagnetic beams and the location of a horn antenna phase-center is illustrated. By way of example, the case of a compensated pyramidal horn fitted with fins to produce a less abruptly tapered E-plane field distribution is discussed, and the results obtained are compared with those from an alternative method published in the literature. Excellent agreement is found     

Dielectric lens analysis using vectorial multimodal gaussian beam expansion

A dielectric lens is analyzed using vectorial multi-modal Gaussian beams. The basic points are reminded and theoretical tools are developed to treat a complete lens. Results are finally presented which allow discussion about the multiple reflections and the radial truncation effect on the radiation pattern.     

Novel Gaussian beam method for the rapid analysis of largereflector antennas

A relatively fast and simple method utilizing Gaussian beams (GBs) is developed which requires only a few seconds on a workstation to compute the near/far fields of electrically large reflector antennas when they are illuminated by a feed with a known radiation pattern. This GB technique is fast, because it completely avoids any numerical integration on the large reflector surface which is required in the conventional physical optics (PO) analysis of such antennas and which could take several hours on a workstation. Specifically, the known feed radiation field is represented by a set of relatively few, rotationally symmetric GBs that are launched radially out from the feed plane and with almost identical interbeam angular spacing. These GBs strike the reflector surface from where they are reflected, and also diffracted by the reflector edge; the expressions for the fields reflected and diffracted by the reflector illuminated with a general astigmatic incident GB from an arbitrary direction (but not close to grazing on the reflector) have been developed in Chou and Pathak (1997) and utilized in this work. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the versatility, accuracy, and efficiency of this GB method when it is used for analyzing general offset parabolic reflectors with a single feed or an array feed, as well as for analyzing nonparabolic reflectors such as those described by ellipsoidal and even general shaped surfaces     

Optimum coupling of a Gaussian beam to a corner reflector with a four-wavelength antenna

The coupling of a Gaussian radiation beam to a corner reflector with a four-wavelength long wire antenna was studied theoretically and experimentally. The antenna configuration in conjunction with a Schottky barrier diode is recently used widely as a fast submillimeter wave detector. The optimum angle focusing the radiation to the antenna has been obtained and is 11° (half-width at the 8.7dB points).     

传递矩阵法研究高斯光束经逆抛物型梯度折射率纤维的准直特性

本文采用传递矩阵法研究了高斯光束在一种逆抛物型梯度折射率纤维中的传播规律,得出光斑半径、波面曲率半径与矩阵元之间的关系式。基于此,讨论了这种逆抛物型梯度折射率激光准直元件的原理。     

基于高斯光束耦合模型的FFP性能分析

反衬度、反射率、自由光谱带宽是FFP干涉仪的重要性能指标,而FFP腔光波几何衰减因子、端面反射率及腔长3个参数又是影响这些指标的主要因素。针对以均匀光束耦合模型为基础的FFP几何衰减因子的不足,提出了以高斯光束耦合为基础的衰减因子模型,得到了与实际值接近的衰减因子公式;分析了FFP腔长和两端面反射率对反射谱反衬度及反射率的影响;根据以上分析设计了光纤光栅FFP波长解调器。     

An analysis of millimeter wave quasi-optical gaussian beam radiation-perturbational expansion method

In this paper perturbational expansion of wave equation is used to analyse the Gaussian beam radiation efficiency and the near field distribution of aperture antenna. The analysis is also suitable at large angles from boresight because the Gaussian beam used here is corrected to satisfy wave equation. An approach of minimum deviation of aperture field is used to calculate the Gaussian beam radiation efficiency, and calculation results is compared with that of Wydle's[1].     

Gaussian beam diffraction by a quasi-optical grating for coupling to lower-hybrid plasma waves

This paper is dedicated to the theoretical approach to the problem of modelling quasi-optical launchers of plasma waves in the lower-hybrid range of frequencies, when a gaussian beam is the incident field. Numerical results are presented and discussed comparing the cases of a gaussian beam and a plane wave as an incident field [1].     

改进的分形海面电磁散射的矩量法研究

采用改进的一维分形模型模拟实际的粗糙海面,运用矩量法研究了锥形波入射一维改进的分形海面电磁散射特性。通过数值计算得到了散射系数随散射角的变化曲线,讨论了海面风速、分维数、入射波频率对散射系数的影响,得到了一维改进的分形海面散射系数与粗糙面参数、入射波频率之间的依赖关系。结果表明海面风速、入射波频率对散射系数的影响较大,而分维数对散射系数的影响较小。     

Accuracy of a Gaussian beam

The accuracy of a multimode Gaussian beam is discussed. Novel modifications are given to the conventional Gaussian beam formulation derived using the paraxial approximation. With the modifications, the field can be calculated accurately with the Gaussian beam. Modified multimode Gaussian beam techniques are used for calculation of the beam of a corrugated horn antenna. Phase and amplitude patterns given by this method are compared with measurements and other theoretical methods, namely Huygen's principle and the modal matching technique. The meaning of the phase and phase center is also discussed     

利用伽利略扩束系统实现激光束空间整形

为实现高功率激光束空间整形,需要设计一套伽利略型整形扩束系统,根据P.W.Rhodes等人基于几何光学原理导出的系统理论模型,采用龙贝格数值积分算法得到40组描述非球面的数据,非线性最小二乘法拟合数据,获得两个非球面矢高解析式,并用光学软件对束腰8mm的入射基模高斯光束进行了空间整形仿真模拟,结果表明可以获得直径25mm的平顶光束输出。利用该镜头对不同束腰高斯光束进行整形仿真,结果表明当束腰大于8mm时,光束整形效果尚可;但当束腰小于8mm时,整形效果随束腰减小而变差。     

Full-wave simulation of electromagnetic coupling effects in RF and mixed-signal ICs using a time-domain finite-element method

This paper describes the computer simulation and modeling of distributed electromagnetic coupling effects in analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits. Distributed electromagnetic coupling effects include magnetic coupling of adjacent interconnects and/or planar spiral inductors, substrate coupling due to stray electric currents in a conductive substrate, and full-wave electromagnetic radiation. These coupling mechanisms are inclusively simulated by solving the full-wave Maxwell's equations using a three-dimensional (3-D) time-domain finite-element method. This simulation approach is quite general and can be used for circuit layouts that include isolation wells, guard rings, and 3-D metallic structures. A state-variable behavioral modeling procedure is used to construct simple linear models that mimic the distributed electromagnetic effects. These state-variable models can easily be incorporated into a VHDL-AMS simulation providing a means to include distributed electromagnetic effects into a circuit simulation.