耐酸性土壤腐蚀接地网用钢研究

采用硅藻土模拟法研究了Q235,A1和A2钢在模拟酸性土壤中的腐蚀行为,对比分析了材料的腐蚀失重,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究了材料的腐蚀形貌及腐蚀产物。结果表明,在模拟酸性土壤中,Q235,A1和A2钢周期360h的腐蚀速率别为0.48,0.14和0.097mm/a。碳层分析表明,降低碳含量有助于减少钢中的微电池腐蚀;Cr的加入可以提高基体的自腐蚀电位;腐蚀后内锈层位置Cr的富集可以提高锈层的致密性,并改变点蚀的扩展方式;3种材料主要腐蚀产物均为α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH和Fe3O4,其中A1和A2钢内锈层腐蚀产物中α-FeOOH比例增大,其α/γ-FeOOH比值约为Q235的10倍,腐蚀产物保护性更优。     

输电杆塔材料在模拟海岸-工业复合环境中的大气腐蚀行为研究

研究了输电杆塔材料Q235、Q420、SQ420NH以及Q235镀锌钢在模拟海岸-工业环境中的大气腐蚀行为。四种材料的大气腐蚀速率由腐蚀失重法获得。利用XRD、SEM分析腐蚀锈层。结果表明:对于Q235、Q420和SQ420NH三种碳钢,前期腐蚀失重相差不大;腐蚀后期,SQ420NH开始表现出耐候性特点,耐蚀性优于Q235和Q420。三种碳钢的腐蚀产物主要为γ-FeOOH和α-FeOOH。随着腐蚀时间的延长(720 h),γ-FeOOH逐渐向α-FeOOH转变,锈层的致密度增加。腐蚀初期,Q235和Q420腐蚀产物形貌分别为棉花球状和片状,SQ420NH腐蚀产物形貌则为棉絮状。腐蚀后期,三种碳钢腐蚀产物演变为更多棉花球状。Q235镀锌钢腐蚀产物密实,孔洞、蚀坑数量较少,具有较好的保护性。     

碳钢在吐鲁番干热大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过现场暴晒实验研究碳钢在吐鲁番干热大气环境中的腐蚀行为和机理。Q235和Q450钢在吐鲁番干热大气环境中经过1 a暴露后,Q235钢的腐蚀速率大于Q450钢。结合扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段,研究了两种碳钢表面的腐蚀产物,两者的腐蚀产物主要为α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH和Fe3O4。Q235钢中γ-FeOOH与α-FeOOH含量的比值较高,其腐蚀产物疏松,耐蚀性较差。而Q450钢中γ-FeOOH与α-FeOOH含量的比值较低,其腐蚀产物相对致密,耐蚀性较好。去除腐蚀产物后,通过体视学显微镜观察发现,Q235钢的表面产生大量密集腐蚀坑,且腐蚀坑深度和体积都大于Q450钢表面腐蚀坑。     

碳钢和耐候钢在南沙海洋大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为

采用腐蚀失重法、宏观形貌观察法、SEM、XRD、白光干涉及拉伸实验等分析手段对碳钢Q235和耐候钢Q450NQR1在南沙大气环境下的初期腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明,Q235和Q450NQR1在南沙大气环境中的初期腐蚀比万宁及西沙等海洋大气环境中的腐蚀严重,2种钢的朝天面都比朝地面腐蚀严重,朝地面的锈层更容易脱落。暴晒2个月时,Q235和Q450NQR1的腐蚀失厚相近。暴晒5个月时,Q235的腐蚀失厚明显高于Q450NQR1的腐蚀失厚。2种钢在暴晒2个月时,朝天面和朝地面的腐蚀产物都主要为γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH和Fe_3O_4;而暴晒5个月时,朝天面产物中出现了β-FeOOH,而朝地面β-FeOOH极少。朝天面的产物中Fe_3O_4相对含量少于朝地面,γ-FeOOH的相对含量多于朝地面。     

船板钢耐海洋大气腐蚀性能研究

采用周浸加速腐蚀试验技术,结合电子探针以及XRD物相定量分析等手段对比研究了船板钢F690、F460和普通Q235B C-Mn钢在模拟海洋大气环境中(3.5wt%NaCl水溶液)的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,F690钢形成的锈层表面平整,除锈后未发现明显的点蚀坑存在,内外锈层分明,锈层较致密,且在内锈层中检测到Cr和Mo的明显富集,其年腐蚀速率也相对较低。F460钢锈层中也观测到少量的Cr元素的富集。Q235B的锈层疏松,内外锈层没有明显分界。船板钢锈层都是由α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH和Fe3O4组成的。F690钢中物相α-CrxFe1-xOOH含量较多,Mo分布于内锈层的裂纹处,使内锈层更加致密。     

Q235钢在西沙大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为

在西沙群岛典型的高温、高湿和高盐分大气环境下对Q235钢进行了 1个月短期暴晒实验,利用扫描电镜、电子探针、激光拉曼和X射线衍射仪等观察分析了暴晒后样品的表面形貌、腐蚀产物成分和锈层元素分布。结果表明：Q235钢形成的锈层疏松多孔,多裂纹,对基体没有保护作用。由于Cl^-的侵蚀作用,锈层和基体之间发生氧化还原反应,加速了基体的腐蚀。碳钢在西沙暴晒1个月后外表层的腐蚀产物主要有：Fe₈(O,OH)₁₆Cl_1.3,Υ-FeOOH, β-FeOOH及少量α-FeOOH等,锈层内部不同位置的产物基本相同,主要为Fe₃O₄,Υ-Fe₂O₃以及少量的Υ-FeOOH、β-FeOOH等。     

模拟流动海水腐蚀环境下含Cr钢与C钢的锈层研究

采用人工海水对含有相同基本成分的C钢和添加了0.95％Cr元素的Cr钢进行120h的流动冲刷腐蚀试验.利用SEM和XRD等方法研究了Cr元素对普碳钢锈层的形貌、物相构成及相对含量的影响.结果表明,经冲刷腐蚀以后,含Cr钢的腐蚀质量损失小于C钢的.对两种钢的锈层分析表明,两种实验钢的锈层均出现分层现象,普碳钢外锈层疏松多孔,而含Cr钢的外锈层呈块状,致密性明显优于碳钢,内锈层亦是如此.两种钢的外锈层均由Fe3O4、α-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH等物相构成;C钢的内锈层由Fe3O4构成,Cr元素在含Cr钢锈层中的富集没有改变外锈层的物相类型,但内锈层则由Fe3O4转变为β-FeOOH.     

Q235和Q450钢在吐鲁番干热大气环境中长周期暴晒时的腐蚀行为研究

在吐鲁番干热大气环境中对Q235和Q450钢进行4 a大气暴晒实验。结果表明,两种钢表面均有较为明显的锈层,Q450耐候钢4 a的平均腐蚀速率为12 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1),Q235钢平均腐蚀速率为14 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1),Q450钢腐蚀速率相对较低,腐蚀坑深度较浅。腐蚀产物主要由α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH和Fe_2O_3·H_2O组成,其中Q450钢腐蚀产物中α-FeOOH比例相对较高,腐蚀产物致密。电化学阻抗测试结果表明:Q450钢腐蚀产物电阻远大于Q235钢的,表面电荷转移电阻也大于Q235钢的,即Q450钢耐蚀性较好,腐蚀产物对基体保护作用相对较好。     

Q235钢在模拟海水全浸区腐蚀行为的研究

为了研究Q235钢在海水中的耐腐蚀性及腐蚀机理,采用静态浸泡试验方法,研究了Q235钢的腐蚀速率、局部腐蚀形貌、腐蚀断面形貌,并对腐蚀层成分进行分析。结果表明:Q235钢在模拟海水全浸区的腐蚀速率先降低,然后略有升高,再略微降低,最后趋于稳定,其抗腐蚀能力较好;腐蚀先出现点蚀,最后形成连续的腐蚀层;腐蚀层分为两层:内锈层是Fe3O4、α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、β-FeOOH的混合物,外锈层是γ-FeOOH。     

电力设备架构部件用Q235B钢和镀锌钢在工业高湿热环境中的腐蚀行为

通过中性盐雾试验,研究了Q235B钢和镀锌钢在NaHSO₃和NaCl混合溶液中的腐蚀行为,利用扫描电镜和电化学测试等方法,分析了两种材料的耐蚀性。结果表明：随着腐蚀时间的延长,Q235B钢表面腐蚀产物由片状γ-FeOOH转变为球状α-FeOOH,Q235B钢和镀锌钢表面的腐蚀产物层逐渐变得致密,镀锌钢的低频容抗弧半径和电荷转移电阻均呈先减小后增大的趋势;在盐雾腐蚀过程中,Q235B钢的腐蚀电流密度大于镀锌钢的,镀锌钢的电荷转移电阻大于Q235B钢的,表明镀锌钢的耐蚀性比Q235B钢的好。     

Cu,P,Cr 和 Ni 对低碳钢耐蚀性的影响简

选择Cu-P-Cr-Ni钢、Cu-P-Cr钢和Q235碳钢,在0.01 mol/L的NaHSO3溶液中进行周期浸润、阻抗谱和极化曲线实验,研究了Cu-P-Cr-Ni系合金钢相比Q235碳钢在模拟工业大气(SO2)环境下的耐腐蚀性能;利用SEM,EPMA面扫描和XRD分析腐蚀锈层的形貌、组成及Cu,Cr和Ni的元素分布情况。结果表明:Cu-P-Cr-Ni系钢的腐蚀诱发敏感性最低,其次为Cu-P-Cr钢,腐蚀速率分别为Q235碳钢的59.5%和52.8%;锈层分为内、外两层,致密的内锈层明显发生Cu的颗粒状、Cr的团聚状富集,外锈层主要有Cr的富集,Ni富集不明显。Cu和Cr等的富集可形成致密的内锈层,提高低碳钢的耐蚀性。     

低合金钢在模拟酸性土壤中的耐蚀性研究

用硅藻土模拟酸性土壤,对两种接地网材料用的实验钢进行室内加速腐蚀实验。通过实验室埋片腐蚀实验、激光拉曼光谱和电化学方法研究其在模拟酸性土壤中的耐蚀性。结果表明,两者的腐蚀速率呈现先升后降的趋势;Q235钢的腐蚀失重明显大于低合金A钢的,且两者的腐蚀速率相差近一倍,腐蚀形貌由局部腐蚀逐渐发展为全面腐蚀;腐蚀产物均出现分层结构,外锈层成分大致相同,主要为α-FeOOH,Fe₃O₄,Fe₂O₃和γ-FeOOH,内锈层成分差别较大,低合金A钢中保护性锈层α-FeOOH所占比例大。Tafel极化曲线测试表明,低合金A钢的自腐蚀电位更正,腐蚀电流密度更小。     

Q235钢在海水淡化一级反渗透产水中的腐蚀行为

采用旋转挂片和SEM, EDS及IR分析研究Q235钢在海水淡化一级反渗透产水中(RO)的腐蚀速度和腐蚀产物变化规律,并利用动电位扫描、电化学阻抗法研究腐蚀过程及腐蚀反应控制步骤。结果表明,Q235钢在海水淡化一级反渗透产水中腐蚀速度在48 h内迅速增大至1.4 mm/a,其后保持稳定。锈层初期为γ-FeOOH薄层,随时间延长逐渐转为由Fe₃O₄构成的内锈层及由γ-FeOOH和α-FeOOH构成的外锈层。腐蚀过程受阴极控制,初期腐蚀阻力达到最大,其后由于大量γ-FeOOH在酸性条件下极易转化为对腐蚀反应没有阻滞作用的Fe₃O₄,腐蚀阻力迅速减小,腐蚀速度迅速增大,当Q235钢表面γ-FeOOH生成和转化达到平衡后,腐蚀阻力保持稳定,腐蚀速度也不再发生变化。     

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 通过周期性浸润腐蚀试验,研究了组织结构对贝氏体高强钢的耐腐蚀性能的影响。贝氏体高强钢和其退火试样的失重数据表明,贝氏体组织的耐腐蚀性能略优于铁素体和珠光体组织。运用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等分析测试手段对耐蚀机制进行了研究,发现两种试样均存在较致密的内锈层和疏松外锈层。两种试样的锈层成分主要是稳定的α-FeOOH和少量的γ-FeOOH组成。贝氏体组织的高强钢的锈层晶体更细小,均匀的组织结构有利于增强钢的耐腐蚀性能。     

Corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of high-copper-bearing steel in marine environments

Thus far, research on the corrosion resistance of copper-containing steel has been limited to Cu content of less than 1%, and the corrosion resistance of antibacterial Cu-containing steel with Cu content above 3% has not been reported. In this study, 0Cu3 carbon steel (CS), 0Cr15Cu3 stainless steel (SS), and Q345 CS were investigated. The corrosion resistance and corrosive behavior of high-copper (high-Cu)-bearing steel in a marine environment were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization. Coupon test results showed that the Cu in the 0Cr15Cu3 SS and 0Cu3 CS can promote the formation of stable α-FeOOH from γ-FeOOH in the outer rust layers, and make the rust layers more thick and dense. In the electrochemical experiment, the impedance loop diameters and R_ct values of the 0Cr15Cu3 SS and 0Cu3 CS were higher than those of Q345, while the I_corr was less than that of Q345, which indicates that the anticorrosion property of these two types of high-Cu-bearing steel was higher than that of Q345. The aim of this study was to define the properties of corrosion resistance and corrosive behavior in high-Cu-bearing steels to promote their application in marine engineering.     

海水飞溅区Ni-Cu-P钢的锈层和耐点蚀性能研究

在海水飞溅区对实验室冶炼的Ni-Cu-P钢、含Cu低合金钢和碳钢进行660 d的挂片实验,评价Ni-Cu-P钢的耐蚀性能;采用Fourier变换红外(FTIR)光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、电子探针(EPMA)、SEM和EDAX等技术,分析3种钢表面的锈层特征.结果表明,Ni-Cu-P钢表现出比...     

The Suppression of transformation of γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH accelerating the steel corrosion in simulated industrial atmospheric environment with a DC electric field interference

ABSTRACT

The initial corrosion of steels exposed to the simulated industrial atmospheric environment with a direct current (DC) electric field for 30 days was investigated using weight loss, electrochemical and characterisation methods. The results show that the steel weight loss increased with the increase in DC electric field intensity. The steels exposed to the DC electric field interference exhibited a higher corrosion rate than the blank samples during the exposure. The microstructural studies reveal that the existence of the DC electric field favours the growth of the γ-FeOOH, while suppresses the transformation of γ-FeOOH into α-FeOOH during the 30 days’ exposure, as a result of decreasing the protective ability and stable property of the rust layer. The amount of porous γ-FeOOH enhances the transmission of oxygen and conductivity of the whole rust layer. All these induce an accelerated effect of DC electric field on the initial steel corrosion in simulated industrial environment.     

Zr-1Nb-xGe 合金在 400 ℃过热蒸汽中耐腐蚀性能的研究

利用高压釜腐蚀实验研究了Zr-1Nb-xGe (x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2,质量分数,%) 合金在400 ℃,10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能;利用SEM和TEM分别观察了合金和氧化膜的显微组织。结果表明：添加Ge可以改善Zr-1Nb合金的耐腐蚀性能,当Ge含量为0.05%时效果最佳。在Zr-1Nb-xGe合金中存在4种第二相,分别是β-Nb,Zr(Nb,Fe,Cr)₂,Zr(Nb,Fe,Cr,Ge)₂和尺寸较大的Zr₃Ge。Ge在Zr-1Nb合金α-Zr基体中的最大固溶含量在0.05%~0.1%之间,固溶的Ge可以有效延缓氧化膜中显微组织的演化,从而改善合金的耐腐蚀性能;当Ge含量超过合金的固溶含量时,会形成Zr(Nb,Fe,Cr,Ge)₂以及尺寸较大的Zr₃Ge第二相,Zr₃Ge会使耐腐蚀性能降低。     

Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of low-alloy steels under atmospheric conditions

The corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of four newly developed low-alloy steels (LAS) were compared with a carbon steel (SS400) and a weathering steel (Acr-Ten A) using a laboratory-accelerated test that involved cyclic wet/dry conditions in a chloride environment (5 wt.% NaCl). The new LAS were designated 1605A, 1605B, 1604A, and 1604B. After 72 cycles of cyclic corrosion tests, the susceptibility of the steels to corrosion could be listed in the following order based on their weight loss (from high to low): SS400 > Acr-Ten A > 1604B ? 1604A > 1605B ? 1605A. The change in mechanical properties by corrosion was the least for SS400, Acr-Ten A was second, and effects of corrosion on the mechanical properties of the other four low-alloy steels were similar. Finally, the characteristics of the rust layers on each LAS sample were observed by SEM, and analyzed by FTIR and EPMA. The results indicated that most of the rust layers on the test steels were composed of a loose outer rust layer and a dense inner rust layer. The outer rust layer of each steel was composed of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, magnetite (Fe₃O₄), H₂O, and amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide (FeO_x(OH)_3−2x, x=0-1), while the inner rust layer was composed mainly of Fe₃O₄ with a little α-FeOOH. In addition, it was apparent that the copper and chromium alloying additions were enriched, respectively, at the rust-layer/substrate interface and in the rust layers. Finally, combining the results of the accelerated tests and the rust layer analysis showed that low-alloy steels, such as 1605A and 1605B, have better weathering steel properties than Acr-Ten A for use in the humid and salty weather.