Polarization Scattering Property of Cascaded Polarization Controllers

The relation between the allowed range of variation of polarization controller wave‐plates angles and the respective polarization scattering properties is investigated. It is demonstrated that a nearly uniform polarization scattering over the Poincaré sphere is obtained using a concatenation of three polarization controllers with angles randomly changed between ‐π/4 and π/4. It is also shown that an improvement of the scattering properties is obtained if the configuration angles are allowed to change between ‐π/2 and π/2.     

电控晶体偏振控制器分析与研究

介绍电控晶体偏振控制器（PC）的内部结构，理论分析了电控晶体PC对偏振态的控制作用，设计并进行了实验，并将理论结果与实验所得的轨迹进行对比和分析，得出了电控晶体PC的波片上所加电压与其对光波偏振态的控制的一些关系。     

变极化系统中目标散射矩阵算法研究与探讨

为了提高雷达性能,特别是提高雷达抗干扰能力,文章以Sinclair矩阵为基础,推导出一种极化散射矩阵的算法,并验证了该算法对于变极化技术在雷达抗干扰方面的应用有着积极的作用。同时,文章给出了散射矩阵在变极化系统抗干扰方面的一点应用,为以后的研究打下了基础。     

大气散射光偏振特性分析

介绍了在激光偏振成像研究中,激光在大气传输中的散射光偏振特性的基本表示方法,根据Rayleigh散射和Mie散射理论,通过传输Mueller矩阵求解,分别对大气分子散射和气溶胶散射的单次偏振特性建立理论模型,并通过数值计算模拟的方法研究大气分子和气溶胶对自然光、水平线偏振光和45°线偏振光的偏振特性影响,最后介绍了用矢量传输方程来解决大气散射光多次散射偏振问题.     

多粒子散射的偏振传输特性分析

针对多因素影响下偏振光在散射介质中的一般传输特性,系统分析了入射光波长、介质厚度、粒子参数和入射光偏振态等物理属性对偏振光子传输特性的影响。采用蒙特卡罗方法,追踪每个光子的偏振态变化,通过统计分析偏振度变化曲线得到光经过多次散射后的斯托克斯矢量和偏振信息,并对偏振光在散射介质中的传输规律进行分析。仿真实验表明相对于波长比较大的粒子对入射光的偏振态改变较小;线偏振光能较好地保持自身偏振态;圆偏振光能够在较短时间内重新恢复自身偏振状态,粒子半径越大恢复能力越强,并且在向前传输的过程中其旋转方向会发生改变。     

Fuzzy Controllers With Maximum Sensitivity for Servosystems

In this paper, new Takagi-Sugeno proportional-integral-fuzzy controllers (PI-FCs) to control a class of servosystems are proposed. The controlled plants in these control systems (CSs) are of integral type. In the first phase, there are designed linear PI controllers tuned in terms of the extended symmetrical optimum method to ensure the imposed overshoot and settling time with respect to the set point and to three possible types of load disturbance inputs. The connections between the two design parameters of the linear controllers and the desired maximum sensitivity and complementary sensitivity considering one of the disturbance inputs are derived. Then, accepting the approximate equivalence between the fuzzy controllers and the linear ones in certain conditions and using the modal equivalence principle, an attractive design method for the PI-FCs is proposed. With this respect, the design method guarantees maximum imposed sensitivity and complementary sensitivity for the CSs and, therefore, good responses with respect to modifications of the set point and of the disturbance inputs, and robustness with respect to model uncertainties. An application in speed control of a nonlinear servosystem with variable load, accompanied by experimental results, is provided to validate the new results, the fuzzy controllers, and a design method     

激光海水气泡幕偏振特性分析

针对不同环境条件下海水中的气泡幕对后向散射光强以及偏振度的影响规律问题,基于矢量Monte Carlo方法对整个模型进行仿真。在仿真过程中,充分考虑光子在气泡幕中的运动过程,对比分析了圆偏振光入射不同气泡半径、不同气泡密度和不同气泡幕宽度以及线偏光不同角度入射下,回波信号在强度和偏振度特性上的差异性;同时验证了激光海水气泡幕偏振探测法用于激光通信探测领域的可行性。     

雷达目标极化散射矩阵的瞬时测量方法

目标极化特性的瞬时测量是极化雷达探测与目标识别等领域非常关心的基础性问题.本文针对频移脉冲波形,研究了互易条件下目标极化特性瞬时测量问题.建立了瞬时极化测量雷达的目标回波模型,在深入分析了目标回波极化特性的基础上,提出了一种基于离散时间傅立叶变换的完整极化散射矩阵频域估计算法,证明其为无偏估计,给出了估计精度的理论公式和实验结果.     

典型抛面天线的空域极化特性及散射矩阵测量方法

单极化雷达天线的极化特性在空域中并非一成不变,而是按一定规律变化的.本文研究了抛面反射天线的空域极化特性,通过数值计算验证了天线极化状态在不同空域指向上分布的规律.并以此为基础,讨论了立足于现有的单极化雷达,仅需一个极化通道对天线接收到雷达回波电压进行处理,完成雷达目标极化散射矩阵估计的方法.该法将可以大幅度的降低生产成本和设备复杂度,具有一定的理论参考价值和应用前景.     

光纤偏振控制器的原理、结构及特点分析

光纤偏振器具有抗干扰能力强，插入损耗小，易与光纤系统连接等优点，在光纤相干通信系统．以及光纤相干传感系统中受到重视。文中系统地讨论了电磁挤压型、可旋转光纤线圈型、可旋转光纤曲柄型、法拉第旋转器型、线性双折射光纤型，以及改进型和保偏光纤伸展型等光纤偏振器的工作原理和结构，分析了它们的特点，为新型光纤偏振控制器的设计提供了参考。     

目标极化散射特性对极化分集雷达检测性能的影响

针对全极化、混合极化和单极化3种典型体制的极化分集雷达(PDR)系统,该文分析了目标极化散射特性对系统检测性能的影响。基于目标极化散射统计模型和雷达接收电压方程,分别推导了3种体制下的目标回波向量的统计特性。在高斯背景下,设计了奈曼-皮尔逊准则下的最优极化分集多通道融合检测算法,并推导了虚警概率和检测概率的闭式表达式。仿真结果表明,当系统信噪比(SNR)一定时,目标极化散射分量间的相关性是影响系统检测性能的主要因素,特别是匹配极化散射分量和交叉极化散射分量间的相关性。此外,全极化体制和单极化体制的检测性能比混合极化体制稳健。      

均光波导多层存储器的原理和实验

介绍了均光波导多层存储器的基本结构和原理。波导多层存储器通过收集波导侧面信息符发出的散射光来读取数据,而均光波导多层存储器的设计主要是为了解决波导多层存储器侧面散射光强不均匀的问题。有一种方法就是通过改变信息符深度来实现均光。理论推导表明信息层表面的信息符深度沿着传导光传播方向逐渐增加时可以实现波导侧面散射光强的均匀分布,而且波导各个不同位置处信息符的深度值也可以通过拟合和计算得到。为了证明理论的正确性,设计了原理性实验,完成了原理性实验器件的研制。实验对均光波导多层存储器的结构、原理以及均光方法的可行性进行了验证。实验还将均光波导多层存储器的性能与一般的波导多层存储器作了对比,实验效果良好。     

气溶胶单粒子的偏振散射特性研究

建立了气溶胶单粒子的偏振散射实验装置,采用T-matrix方法模拟球形粒子和长形粒子的光散射计算, 讨论了偏振强度因子(Pf)和穆勒矩阵元素(Z11、Z12)随粒径、形状的变化关系,结果表明,球形粒子和杆状粒子的Pf和Z12随着粒径的增大存在明显差异。通过对单分散的气溶胶颗粒物样品的实验测量,得到不同样品的Pf值和Z12。实验结果表明,以油酸粒子的Z12为基准, 差值△Z12=12可以作为球形的油酸粒子和长形的核黄素以及石棉纤维的区分阈值, △Z12 介于12~41主要为核黄素粒子, △Z12达到59时粒子可被认为是长形的石棉纤维粒子, 而立方形的NaCl气溶胶粒子的△Z12与油酸粒子非常接近,难以区分。初步实验表明,穆勒矩阵元素Z12可以用于识别长形粒子,该研究为颗粒物形态的偏振测量提供依据。     

Measuring the Polarization Parameters of Rain by Inverse Scattering

The theory is presented for one method of determining the effective polarization parameters of the rain medium in the problem of polarization information processing of detecting target. The determination of the effective polarization parameters of the propagation medium is from the data of propagation measurements over a line-of-sight link. The polarization parameters ? the effective average value, σ the effective standard deviation and F the effective shape parameter of the propagation medium are obtained by means of the method of inverse scattering, showing a good agreement with the data from direct measurements.     

Photon Polarization in Photonic Crystal Fibers under Compton Scattering

Using the quantum invariant theory and unitary transformation means, we study the influences of multi-photon nonlinear Compton scattering on the photon polarization in photonic crystal fibers（PCF）. The results show that the photon polarization of the incident photon changes a lot due to scattered optical, and its general geometric phase factor, Hamiton number and evolution operator are definited both by the incident and scattered optical.     

宽带雷达目标的瞬态极化时频分布表征

从雷达目标本身的电磁散射特性的表征出发,提出了描述雷达目标的瞬态极化的时频分布的思路,导出了雷达目标的瞬态极化Wigner-Ville分布的定义和性质,并给出了雷达目标瞬态极化的一般类时频分布,为进一步的检测和识别提供了理论基础。     

Chiral Se Nanobrooms with Wavelength and Polarization Sensitive Scattering

High-index dielectric nanostructures offer strong magnetic and electric resonances in the visible range and low optical losses, stimulating research interest in their use for light manipulation technologies. Lithographic fabrication of dielectric nanostructures, while providing precise control over the pattern dimensions, limits the scalability of this approach for practical applications due to an inefficient fabrication process and limited production quantity. Here, the colloidal synthesis of high-index chiral dielectric nanostructures with a broom-like geometry made from trigonal Se is demonstrated. The anisotropic morphology and crystal structure of Se nanobrooms enable both linearly and circularly polarized scattering, as well as spectrum variation along the particle axis, which is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first observation of such behavior from dielectric colloidal nanostructures. To show the versatility of the highly scattering Se NB suspensions, 2D and 3D printing of Se NB inks are demonstrated as a proof of concept. This approach provides a way to manipulate light using aqueous dispersions of high-index dielectric nanostructures, unlocking their potential to fit in various morphologies and dimensions in 2D and 3D for broad applications.     

Nonlinear Polarization Rotation in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers With Linear Polarization Maintenance

We propose a geometrical model based on the concept of dynamic eigenstates of polarization to describe the behavior of nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) arising in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The rotation axis with respect to either the bias current or the optical power variation is demonstrated on the Poincare sphere (PS), meanwhile a procedure to find the rotation axis is presented. Thus, the SOA-based NPR with linear polarization maintenance (zero polarization ellipticity angle) can be achieved experimentally. The rotation of polarization azimuth on the PS with respect to the bias current, the probe signal power, and the pump signal power variation is measured experimentally. The 180deg phase difference between the transverse electric and the transverse magnetic modes can be all achieved with linear polarization maintenance.     

基于约束总体最小二乘算法的全极化 散射中心参数估计

 本文以散射中心的指数衰减和模型(Damped Exponentials,DE)为基础将全极化散射中心的参数提取问题转化为全极化信息融合的约束总体最小二乘(Constrained Total Least Squares,CTLS)算法问题,据此计算出全部散射中心的距离参数和类型参数,然后利用最小二乘法求解全极化测量方程,得到每个散射中心的复幅度信息,从而获得每个散射中心的散射矩阵,其中散射矩阵与类型参数是密切相关的.然后分析了其中参数估计的精度问题,针对极化通道噪声方差的不同提出了相应的改进算法.最后进行了仿真,并与单极化散射中心估计参数作了对比,结果证实了该方法的有效性,为雷达极化信息与散射中心的有效融合提供了新方法.     

数字变极化探测系统中的极化散射熵提取

人造目标多有尖锐的棱角和平坦的表面,而天然目标不是这样,这为利用极化技术探测和识别创造了条件。 极化信息可以显著提高雷达的目标检测、目标识别与抗干扰性能,在现代的制导、防空、反导等雷达系统中具有广 阔的应用前景。本文以地面目标为研究对象,基于数字变极化单脉冲探测系统,采用多种发射极化形式,利用虚拟 极化合成接收,得到全极化高分辨一维距离像,获得散射熵H 和平均散射角α 在距离像中的分布,可用于在地杂波 背景下的目标检测与识别。