从静态蓝图到动态智能规则:城市设计数字化管理平台理论初探

城市设计是对包括人、自然、社会等要素在内的城镇形体环境的三维立体设计,对中国城镇化的品质提升具有关键作用.长期以来,在中国城市设计理论和方法突飞猛进的同时,城市设计的长效管理却成为实践中的难题,精细的空间设计蓝图在被转译为规划管理语言的同时造成了大量信息的缺失,设计成果难以有效落实.详细阐述了城市设计成果转译为管控工具的问题与门槛,建构城市设计成果要素的数字化谱系,将城市设计的结构要素、空间要素转译为数字化管理语言,提出城市设计智能化管控的规则与标准体系.在此基础上构建城市设计数字化管理平台,平台以城市设计数字化谱系为理论基础,包含数字化辅助设计、设计审查、实施评估及公众参与等四种核心功能,以基础沙盘与大数据可视化为技术支撑,以多部门协同管理为平台运作方式,以过程式动态参与来接受公众监督.     

Availability function as bridge element’s importance weight in computing overall bridge health index

Abstract

Extensive research has been conducted over the past two decades to evaluate the condition and bridge health index (BHI) of bridges using different performance measures. The International Association for Bridge Management and Safety (IABMAS) has stressed on the growing need to assess the condition state of the bridges by integrating new functionalities and methodologies into bridge management systems (BMS) for better monitoring outcomes. This article presents the development of bridge element importance weight using availability metric computed from element failure time distribution parameters and repair rates. This study investigates the following issues: the availability of bridge elements and subsystems, the evaluation of the criticality rank of bridge components and subsystems using failure and downtime criticality indices and the effect of deterioration of critical elements on the overall operability of the bridge system. The availability index and failure criticality output of selected elements showed that superstructure elements, reinforced concrete column, metal bearings, piling, pile cap/footing and reinforced concrete cap were of more importance (critical) to the bridge system deterioration compared to decks, railings and expansion joints. At the component level, it was observed that movable bridge elements (hydraulics, operator facilities, etc.) were less available based on their downtimes and operational characteristics.     

城乡管理信息平台中区域绿地的标准化要素研究

由于传统城市规划对区域绿地研究不多,现行的管理体制和技术标准又缺乏对区域绿地系统的统一规范．因而在构建区域范围内的城乡管理信息平台中无法有效地集成区域绿地要素。本文通过重庆市城乡管理信息平台的建设实践．分析了城乡信息管理平台需要集成的区域绿地要素应包含的内容,探讨了区域绿地的分类标准和数据库建设的结构模式,以及对规划编制、规划管理、防灾等方面起到的作用。     

基于案例推理的地铁工程应急管理研究

对传统地铁工程应急管理混乱、低效等问题,本文首先分析了应急管理的三要素：应急组织、应急物资、应急预案,搭建了地铁工程应急组织架构,提出了应急物资和应急预案的管理对策。其次,针对地铁工程应急管理信息化程度不高、存在“信息孤岛”等问题,设计了应急管理系统,实现了应急信息的集成化、标准化、可视化,提升了应急管理的效率。最后,针对纸质形式预案管理方式对事故发生时救援工作的指导不够精确、难以制定有效救援方案的问题,构建了基于案例推理的地铁工程应急预案管理模型,实践结果表明,该模型提高了应急预案检索的科学性和有效性,为开展应急救援活动提供决策支持。     

Mobile Model-Based Bridge Lifecycle Management System

Abstract:   This article discusses the requirements for developing a mobile model-based bridge lifecycle management system (MMBLMS). This new system should link all the information about the lifecycle stages of a bridge (e.g., design, construction, inspection, and maintenance) to a 4D model of the bridge incorporating different scales of space and time to record events throughout the lifecycle with suitable levels of details (LoDs). In addition, MMBLMS should support distributed databases and mobile location-based computing by providing user interfaces that can be used on mobile computers, such as tablet PCs. A framework for MMBLMS is described and the basic computational issues for realizing it are discussed including the navigation modes, the picking behavior and the LoDs for representing bridge elements and defects. A prototype system developed in Java language is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology for realizing this system.     

工程财务管理课程多媒体组合教学方案设计

探讨了工程财务管理多媒体组合教学设计理论与实践的教学方案;分析了目前该课程多媒体教学中存在的不足与缺陷;运用现代教学设计原理,探索了该课程教学设计的实现途径,即制定教学目标、决定教学内容、选择教学策略、应用教学媒体和实施教学评价与反馈机制;设计了工程财务管理课程多媒体组合教学方案。     

浅析单位工程施工组织设计的编制技巧

施工组织设计是正确指导施工活动的纲领性文件,是建筑项目管理的灵魂。文章从单位工程施工组织设计的编制原则、编制依据、编制程序、主要内容等几个方面进行探讨。     

基于GIS的城市规划管理信息系统研究

随着城市信息化水平的不断提高,城市化进程和城市建设步伐的加快,建立基于GIS的城市规划管理信息系统势在必行。本文以ArcGIS 9.2平台中的ArcGIS Engine 9.2模块为基础,结合NET Framework2.0、C#和Geodatabase技术对系统功能模块进行开发实践,设计出了集图、文、表管理一体化的控制性详细规划管理信息系统,体现规划管理业务办公的规范化、标准化和科学化,为城市规划的管理监督提供一个现代化、智能化的范式。     

中国传统城市流变机制浅析

首先对我国传统城市诸要素的流传时间长短、流传中发生变异的程度进行分类,接着从其流传的历程和变异的原因这两个方面来深入分析其流变机制,最后运用上述分析结果,对我国传统城市在建设思想、构成要素和运作体系等三个方面流传和演变中的若干现象进行了解释。     

Integrated landscape management and the complicating issue of temporality

Abstract

Landscape has become widely accepted as a concept for embracing the natural sphere as well as human society. There are, however, challenges in implementing the somewhat overarching rhetoric. This article takes a conceptual and deconstructive approach and elucidates complications in integrated landscape management, with a certain focus on landscape and time. Cases from some European areas, where integrative planning instruments are applied, serve as examples. The drawing of borders and the categorisation of areas are central aspects in understanding what constitutes integration, implying that negotiations and the weighing of different values are vital elements in integrated landscape management. Landscape management is inevitably an activity in the present, which is why landscape management needs to be based on good knowledge about the present conditions. In order to retain landscape qualities it is necessary to continuously reveal contemporary processes and reconsider and elaborate on functions and contexts that connect humans and their physical environment.     

奖励区划技术的演变与应用

作为应用于商业街区改造的一项重要区划改良技术,奖励区划技术在美国城乡规划调控体系中应用已经超过60年,时至今日已发展为一项较为成熟的规划弹性引导技术.本文试图从奖励区划技术的演化过程入手,从技术的产生、发展、运作、改良几个方面分析奖励区划技术在不同发展阶段的历史背景及技术演化要点.并在此基础上提出在中国实施的若干启示,即需强调奖惩并施、保障管理机制以及借助于公众力量,以此达到高效借鉴与运用奖励区划技术的目的.     

绿色视角下的生态城市设计理论溯源与策略研究

鉴于世界范围内的生态环境危机,从城市规划和建筑学领域解析了生态概念和绿色概念之间的关系,总结了生态城市设计的基本概念、研究历程和发展趋势,初步构建了生态城市设计的技术体系,从生态环境要素和空间形态要素两方面提出生态城市设计策略,为城市的可持续发展提供具有指导性的设计途径。     

Split-flow theory: Stormwater design to emulate natural landscapes

This article reviews the development and application of existing stormwater management theories with a focus on emulating natural on site hydrological processes and discusses the design intentions, merits, and weaknesses of each theory. A new stormwater management theory is then proposed using elements found in each of these existing theories. This new theory proposes to systematically split runoff into three volumes and evaporate, infiltrate and discharge; and manage these volumes in ways that emulate natural hydrological site processes, thereby creating stormwater management systems that are more ecologically based. The intent is to provide a stormwater management theory that can be used to emulate natural processes of evapotranspiration, infiltration, and runoff and, by extension, emulate pre-development stormwater rate, quality, frequency, duration, and volume. The article then discusses limitations of this theory, including lack of established methods, need for evaluation against existing methods, obstacles to implementation under current regulations, and suggested additional research.     

论泉州古城区公共环境设施对塑造城市风貌的作用

城市风貌是通过自然景观、人造景观和人文景观而体现出来的城市发展过程中形成的城市传统、文化和城市生活的环境特征。城市风貌由自然要素、人工要素和复合要素构成,公共环境设施是人工要素组成部分,是城市环境整体不可或缺的细部元素,其景观风貌对城市整体风貌的形成具有重要的衬托作用,同时还有不可缺失的服务功能。本文以泉州古城区为例,通过对文庙广场中的环境设施进行调研分析,探讨环境设施对塑造城市特色风貌的作用,意在探寻环境设施系统与城市风貌协调发展的相关理论。     

工程项目动态集成化风险管理模式的探讨

在工程项目全寿命周期风险管理和集成化风险管理的基础上,提出了工程项目动态集成化风险管理模式,即在工程项目所处的风险系统中,纵向上考虑风险集合、风险管理组织、风险管理过程及风险管理目标沿工程项目全寿命周期的动态变化,横向上考虑风险集合、风险管理组织、风险管理过程及风险管理目标的集成化,将工程项目风险管理的动态性和集成化统一起来,为工程项目风险管理的研究工作提供理论依据.     

Renewable energy industries in Europe: are they successful in the Chinese market?

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the number, type and presence of European companies – Italian, Spanish, French, German, Dutch, Rumanian, Bulgarian and English – operating in the renewable energies industry in international markets. Enterprises supplying energy from various sources and at different points of the supply chain have long faced the challenges that international and geographically distant markets such as China pose. Specifically, European enterprises appear to encounter difficulties in approaching the Chinese market, which is rapidly developing as a result of the latest five-year plan setting energy and climate change targets and policies. Indeed, the number of European firms investing in China is low due to their small size, high cultural distance and inadequate management strategies. Through the analysis of two business cases (Asja and Caleffi) that have established partnerships and a WFOE in China, the article identifies the main elements of their management strategies that led to successfully operating in China.     

EPS外墙装饰构件及其施工技术研究

介绍了EPS外墙装饰构件的生产方法、施工技术及施工中的注意事项,指出EPS外墙装饰构件在外墙外保温装饰领域的发展前景.工程实践表明,EPS外墙装饰构件工厂预制与现场加工相比,前者更有利于对原材料匹配、产品设计、生产、安装全过程开展质量监督、检查及管理,使产品质量及装饰效果达到最佳.     

浅谈现代消防设施的管理与维护保养措施

介绍了消防设施的管理要点,阐述了消防设施维护保养工作的重要性,着重对消防设施维护保养的范围和内容进行了论述,并针对消防设施维护保养目前存在的主要问题,提出了具体的维修保养方法,以延长现代消防灭火系统的寿命。     

城市公共空间的健康途径：健康街道的 内涵、要素与框架

在城市生命安全的视野下,城市空间对健康的需求被再次深度思考。基于文献梳理,从健康服务功能的角度,总结国际经验及近10年国内外街道健康绩效实证结果,将健康内涵与街道要素叠加,提出将健康街道作为城市公共空间的发展策略。从生理健康、心理健康和社会适应三位一体的维度,提出了适合中国国情的健康街道概念和作用机制,明确了体力活动、环境舒适、街道安全和社会交往4个健康影响路径,构建了“内涵-路径-属性-指标”的健康街道量化评估过程,以及涵盖“空间要素、管理实施、街道设计、健康绩效”4项内容的设计实践模式,并进一步说明了量化测度、健康绩效和设计导控的内容。拓展了健康性在街道空间的实现途径,提出了健康理念下的街道发展新模式,为街道的理论认知、设计导控与评估管理提供理论支持。     

速成墙板建筑系统的施工技术与管理

系统地讲述了速成墙板建筑系统的特点、技术要点和施工管理方法。