用坐标变换计算“一面两孔”的定位误差

用坐变换的方法对工件一面两孔定位时的定位误差进行了合理地分析计算，给出了定位误差对工序尺寸的函数关系式。     

孔定位基准位移误差的分析计算

计算定位误差是夹具精度分析中一项必不可少而又比较麻烦的工作。在用合成法计算定位误差时，首先必须分别计算出基准不重合误差已。和基准位移误差△ｙ，其中基准位移误差的计算相对较麻烦，本文以工件常见的定位方式─—孔定位为例，进行基准位移误差的分析计算。计算工件定位时的基准位移误差，就是计算由于定位副的制造公差和最小配合间隙的影响引起的一批工件的定位基准在加工要求方向上的最大变动范围。１工件以双孔定位时墓准位移误差的分析 当工件以双孔在两定位销上定位时，基准位移误差不仅受定位副的制造公差和最小配合间隙的影…     

圆柱面组合定位误差计算新方法

圆柱面定位是广为采用的一种典型定位方式，其精度分析对于评价定位方案优劣，保证工件加工精度具有十分重要的意义。本文在认真分析传统计算方法的基础上，提出圆柱面定位时定位误差的统一解析表达计算公式，避免了因极限位置判断失误所造成的计算错误，大大简化了计算过程。经实例验证，该方法准确、高效。     

考虑定位孔的形状误差时工件在定位销上定位精度的计算

工件在定位销上定位精度的计算通常没有考虑定位表面的形状误差,这主要是指定位表面上的精度和波纹度,本文则以实例介绍了在考虑定位孔的形状误差时,工件在定位销上定位精度的计算方法。图4幅,表1个。     

夹具定位方案的计算机辅助设计系统研究

在夹具CAD系统开发过程中，建立了定位误差分析计算的通用求解模型。用VB6．0语言编制了计算机程序，对V形块定位方案进行数据处理；分析了定位误差的大小并寻找出满足定位方案要求的工件精度等级。     

加工大型工件时精确定位方法的研究

针对大型工件加工时由于难找正引起的定位误差，采用最小二乘法，在三维空间中将实测数据点与CAD模糊理论数据点进行拟合，使其满足每个测量点到标准曲面的距离的平方和达到最小，从而计算出曲面在空间的真实位置，利用该方法可以有效的消除大型工件在加工时的定位误差，该方法已经在某磁悬浮列车轨道梁实际加工中得到应用，并取得了很好的效果。     

圆柱面组合定位时定位误差的统一解析计算

圆柱面定位是广为采用的一种典型定位方式,其精度分析对于评价定位方案优劣,保证工件加工精度具有十分重要的意义.文章在认真分析传统计算方法的基础上,提出圆柱面定位时定位误差的统一解析表达计算公式,避免了因极限位置判断失误所造成的计算错误,大大简化了计算过程.经实例验证,该方法准确、高效.     

工件以平面定位时基准的精度分析

基于工件定位误差理论，以工件平面定位为例，在考虑基准面的形状误差、波度、表面粗糙度等缺陷的情况下，提出了基准误差的计算方法和改进措施，从而提高了工件的定位精度和质量。     

一面两孔定位方案的计算机数据处理

通过分析工件"一面两孔"定位时的定位误差,得到当被加工孔与定位孔位置关系不同时产生的定位误差的计算公式,用VB6.0语言编制计算机程序,对定位误差进行数据处理;从结果分析中,找出减小定位误差的方法.并简要地讨论了VB编程语言在AutoCAD中的应用.     

薄壁零件加工变形误差分析技术

研究薄壁工件因工夹系统变形所引起的加工误差的计算方法。根据有限元计算所得工件刚体位移及工件变形量,建立系统变形前后工件的变换矩阵,计算工件表面生成点的坐标位置变化,由公差带的数学模型得到系统变形加工误差模型。根据各定位点对变形误差的影响程度不同,建立定位误差敏度矩阵,确定定位元件变形对加工误差的影响因子。实例表明了该方法的有效性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.