碳纳米管／环氧树脂复合材料的研究

研究了碳纳米管（CNTs）／环氧树脂复合材料的分散性能及电性能。探讨了碳纳米管的含量、管径和稀释剂的用量对环氧树脂电学性能的影响，并用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其进行表征。结果表明，碳纳米管的分散和含量对环氧树脂的电性能影响很大，而加入碳纳米管能够使环氧树脂由绝缘体变为导体（电阻率〈^10mΩ·cm）。     

Single-walled carbon nanotube electronics

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have emerged as a very promising new class of electronic materials. The fabrication and electronic properties of devices based on individual SWNTs are reviewed. Both metallic and semiconducting SWNTs are found to possess electrical characteristics that compare favorably to the best electronic materials available. Manufacturability issues, however, remain a major challenge     

Single-walled carbon nanotube diameter

Two different single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth modes (cap growth mode and circumference growth mode) are shown to exist. General SWNT diameter windows are derivable from catalyst particle size considerations. In addition, an almost complete picture of nanotube diameter dependencies for the cap growth mode is drawn from experiment. The nanotube diameter always scales linear with temperature, but the degree of dependence varies with the catalyst element. The nanotube diameter scales logarithmically with the gas pressure and catalyst composition. Very few or exactly one atom of a catalyst additive is sufficient to induce SWNT diameter changes. The experimental data allow the conclusion that the observed nanotube diameter is based on materials properties of sp2-bonded carbon/graphene sheets, on individual properties of the catalyst elements, and on additional kinetic components from temperature and pressure changes. Indications are found for a specific and maybe decisive role of adsorbate atoms at the surface of a catalyst particle on the nanotube diameter and therefore on the process of nanotube nucleation and growth.     

Preparation and thermal properties of layered porous carbon nanotube/epoxy resin composite films

A floating-catalyst spray pyrolysis method was used to synthesize carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films. With the use of ammonium chloride as a pore-former and epoxy resin (EP) as an adhesive, CNT/EP composite films with a porous structure were prepared through the post-heat treatment. These films have excellent thermal insulation (0.029--0.048 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) at the thickness direction as well as a good thermal conductivity (40--60 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) in the film plane. This study provides a new film material for thermal control systems that demand a good thermal conductivity in the plane but outstanding thermal insulation at the thickness direction.     

Preparation of continuous carbon nanotube networks in carbon fiber/epoxy composite

In order to optimize carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion state in fiber/epoxy composite, a novel kind of CNT organization form of continuous networks was designed. The present work mainly discussed the feasibility of preparing continuous CNT networks in composite: Fiber fabric was immersed into CNT aqueous solution (containing dispersant) followed by freeze drying and pyrolysis process, prior to epoxy infusion. The morphologies of fabric with CNTs were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. The relationship between CNT networks and flowing epoxy resin was studied. Properties of composite, including out-of-plane electrical conductivity and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), were measured. The results demonstrated that continuous and porous CNT networks formed by entangled CNTs could be assembled in fiber fabric. Most part of them were preserved in composite due to the robustness of network structures. The preserved CNT networks significantly improved out-of-plane electrical conductivity, and also have an effect on ILSS value.     

Single-walled carbon nanotube network ultramicroelectrodes

Ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) fabricated from networks of chemical vapor deposited single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on insulating silicon oxide surfaces are shown to offer superior qualities over solid UMEs of the same size and dimensions. Disk shaped UMEs, comprising two-dimensional "metallic" networks of SWNTs, have been fabricated lithographically, with a surface coverage of <1% of the underlying insulating surface. The electrodes are long lasting and give highly reproducible responses (either for repeat runs with the same electrode or when comparing several electrodes with the same size). For redox concentrations 相似文献   

改性碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的介电性能

实验采用混酸法对碳纳米管(CNTs)表面进行改性,制得羧基化碳纳米管(C-CNTs)。采用溶胶-凝胶法制得SiO₂包覆的C-CNTs (C-CNTs@SiO₂)、TiO₂包覆的C-CNTs (C-CNTs@TiO₂),采用原位聚合法制得聚苯胺包覆的C-CNTs (C-CNTs@ PANI)。以环氧树脂(EP)为基体材料,通过溶液共混法制备出C-CNTs/EP、C-CNTs@SiO₂/EP、C-CNTs@TiO₂/EP和C-CNTs@PANI/EP四种复合材料。研究结果表明:当掺杂相的质量分数均为1 wt%时,四种EP基复合材料的冲击强度相对于未改性的环氧树脂均有不同程度的提高。当掺杂相质量分数为7 wt%时,C-CNTs/EP、C-CNTs@SiO₂/EP、C-CNTs@TiO₂/EP和C-CNTs@PANI/EP四种复合材料的介电常数分别是EP的14.1、7.2、2.5、18.8倍。在实验掺杂量下,C-CNTs@SiO₂/EP和C-CNTs@TiO₂/EP的介电损耗几乎没有变化,C-CNTs@PANI/EP的介电损耗略有增加。当掺杂相质量分数为1 wt%时,C-CNTs@SiO₂/EP和C-CNTs@TiO₂/EP的击穿强度相对于EP明显提高。      

Mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Untreated and acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were used to fabricate MWNT/epoxy composite samples by sonication technique. The effect of MWNT addition and their surface modification on the mechanical properties were investigated. Modified Halpin–Tasi equation was used to evaluate the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the MWNT/epoxy composite samples by the incorporation of an orientation as well as an exponential shape factor in the equation. There was a good correlation between the experimentally obtained Young’s modulus and tensile strength values and the modified Halpin–Tsai theory. The fracture surfaces of MWNT/epoxy composite samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope.     

Light-weight strain sensor based on carbon nanotube/epoxy composite yarn

Journal of Materials Science - Flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity are indeed critical for smart wearable devices, they are used for detecting the tiny deformation of human skin induced...     

Viscoelastic and mechanical properties of multi walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites with different nanotube content

The viscoelastic and mechanical properties of composites multi walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/epoxy at different weight fractions (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt.%) were evaluated by performing tensile and dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) tests. The MWNT/epoxy composite were fabricated by sonication and a cast molding process. The results showed that addition of nanotubes to epoxy had significant effect on the viscoelastic and mechanical properties. However, the use of 0.5 wt.% increased the viscoelastic properties more significantly. Concerning viscoelastic modeling, the COLE–COLE diagram has been plotted by the results of DMTA test. These results show a good agreement between the Perez model and the viscoelastic behavior of the composite.     

Electroconductive properties of zirconia/carbon nanotube aerogel composite

Electroconductive properties of zirconia/multiwalled carbon nanotube aerogel composite are investigated. The composite exhibits bulk percolation cluster-like conductivity at wide range of spatial scales. Conductive atomic force microscopy reveals the localized nature of conductive properties of the composite on the micro(nano)scopic scale and the uniformity of current distribution in all conductive areas independently of their size. The presence of unlinked conductive chains and the possibility of their linking by dissociating ions are demonstrated in experiments on registration of I–V curves during the evacuation of the composite impregnated with distilled water. The experimental data make it possible to describe the electrical properties of the composite as the properties of a circuit formed by the parallel connections of numerous voltage dividers arranged in a bulk porous structure. These features make the synthesized composite a promising candidate for use in catalysis and water vapor sensors.     

Preparation and tribological properties of novel carbon nanotube self-assembled composite films

Carbon nanotube (CNT) composite thin films were prepared on a single-crystal silicon substrate by a self-assembling process from a specially formulated solution. Rare earth solution (RES) surface modification and appropriate acid-treatment methods were used to functionalise carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Silane coupling regent (3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS)) was prepared first. The terminal thiol groups (–SH) in the film was oxidised to sulphonic acid groups (–SO₃H) in situ to enhance the film with good chemisorption ability. Treated Caron nanotubes were deposited on the oxidised MPTS–SAM by means of chemisorption with the SO₃H group. The surface energy, chemical composition, phase transformation and surface morphology of the films were analysed using contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy. As a result, a conclusion could be made that some lanthanum elements react with –SO₃H groups on the surface of the substrate by a chemical bond, which will improve the bonding strength between the films and the CNTs. Since the CNT thin films were well adhered to the silicon substrate, it might find promising application in the surface-modification of single-crystal Si and SiC in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).     

Mechanical properties of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic composite laminates processed using aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy prepreg

This study examined the processing and mechanical properties of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic composite laminates processed using aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy prepreg sheets. Three kinds of CNT/epoxy laminates, ([0°/90°]s, [60°/0°/?60°]s, [0°/45°/90°/?45°]s) were successfully fabricated using aligned CNT/epoxy prepreg sheets. The CNT volume fraction was approximately 10%. No visible void or delamination was observed in composite laminates, and the thickness of each layer was almost equal to that of the prepreg. To evaluate the elastic moduli, E₁₁, E₂₂, and G₁₂, of each ply in the laminates, on-axis and off-axis tensile tests (0°, 45°, 90°) were conducted of aligned CNT/epoxy lamina specimens. The Young’s modulus of CNT/epoxy cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates agreed with the theoretical values, which were calculated using classical laminate theory and elastic moduli of CNT/epoxy lamina. The respective failure strains of [0°/90°]s, [60°/0°/?60°]s, and [0°/45°/90°/?45°]s laminates are 0.65, 0.92, 0.63%, which are higher than that of 0° composite lamina (0.5%). Results suggest that the failure strain of 0° layer in composite laminates is improved because of the other layers.     

快速固化环氧树脂及其碳纤维/环氧复合材料性能

采用双酚A型环氧树脂（DGEBA）、改性咪唑（MIM）及改性脂肪胺（MAA）研制快速固化树脂体系。分别利用DSC和流变仪测试了树脂体系的固化特性与流变行为,优选了树脂配方。采用真空辅助树脂灌注工艺（VARIM）制备了快速成型的碳纤维/环氧复合材料层板,考察了层板的成型质量和力学性能,并与常规固化的层板性能进行了对比。结果表明：采用优选的树脂配方,120 ℃下树脂在5 min内固化度达95%,碳纤维/环氧复合材料层板成型固化时间可控制在13 min以内,固化度达95%以上,并且没有明显缺陷;与常规固化相比（固化时间大于2 h）,快速固化碳纤维/环氧复合材料层板的弯曲性能和耐热性能降低幅度较小。     

Improvements in mechanical properties of a carbon fiber epoxy composite using nanotube science and technology

Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates, with strategically incorporated fluorine functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) at 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 weight percent (wt.%), are studied for improvements in tensile strength and stiffness and durability under both tension–tension (R = +0.1) and tension–compression (R = −0.1) cyclic loadings, and then compared to the neat (0.0 wt.% CNTs) composite laminate material. To develop the nanocomposite laminates, a spraying technology was used to deposit nanotubes on both sides of each four-harness satin weave carbon fiber fabric piece for the 12 ply laminate lay up. For these experimental studies the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates were fabricated using a heated vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (H-VARTM®) method followed by a 2 soak curing cycle. The f-CNTs toughened the epoxy resin-fiber interfaces to mitigate the evolution of fiber/fabric-matrix interfacial cracking and delamination under both static and cyclic loadings. As a consequence, significant improvements in the mechanical properties of tensile strength, stiffness and resistance to failure due to cyclic loadings resulted for this carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminate.     

Effect of block-copolymer dispersants on properties of carbon nanotube/epoxy systems

The effects of the addition of eight different block copolymers on the dispersion stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are reported. Suspensions of CNTs in different components of an epoxy system have been prepared using a tip sonicator and different amounts of block copolymers. The resistance to sedimentation of MWCNTs in various media was systematically investigated by using a centrifugation technique. Block copolymers that result in dispersions of MWCNTs in epoxy and hardener stable for more than 1 week have been obtained. Dispersions using a single or a combination of two different dispersing agents have been used for the fabrication of MWCNT nanocomposites. The effect of different preparation routes and use of block copolymers on the tensile properties and surface resistivity of the composites have been evaluated. The results obtained have been related with the dispersion stability of the MWCNTs in the epoxy components.     

Single-walled carbon nanotube based SERS substrate with single molecule sensitivity

In single molecule study,surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)has the advantage of specifically providing structural information of the molecules targeted.The main challenge in single molecule SERS is developing reusable plasmonic substrates that ensures single molecule sensitivity and acquires intrinsic information of molecules.Here,we proposed a strategy to utilize single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)to construct SERS substrates.Employing ultrasonic spray pyrolysis,we prepared in situ polyhedral gold nanocrystals closely spaced and attached to nanotubes,ensuring valid hot spots formed along the tube-walls.With such SERS substrates,we proved the single molecule detection by the statistical analysis based on the natural abundance of isotopes.Since SWNTs provide non-chemical bonding adsorption sites,our SERS substrates are easily reusable and have a unique advantage of preserving the intrinsic property of the molecules detected.Using SWNTs to build SERS substrates may become a powerful general strategy in various static and dynamic studies of single molecules.     

Manufacturing polymer/carbon nanotube composite using a novel direct process

A direct process for manufacturing polymer carbon nanotube (CNT)-based composite yarns is reported. The new approach is based on a modified dry spinning method of CNT yarn and gives a high alignment of the CNT bundle structure in yarns. The aligned CNT structure was combined with a polymer resin and, after being stressed through the spinning process, the resin was cured and polymerized, with the CNT structure acting as reinforcement in the composite. Thus the present method obviates the need for special and complex treatments to align and disperse CNTs in a polymer matrix. The new process allows us to produce a polymer/CNT composite with properties that may satisfy various engineering specifications. The structure of the yarn was investigated using scanning electron microscopy coupled with a focused-ion-beam system. The tensile behavior was characterized using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was also used to chemically analyze the presence of polymer on the composites. The process allows development of polymer/CNT-based composites with different mechanical properties suitable for a range of applications by using various resins.     

Single-walled carbon nanotube thermopile for broadband light detection

We designed a thermopile based on a PN doping profile engineered in a suspended film of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Using estimates of the film local Seebeck coefficients, the SWNT thermopile was optimized in situ through depositions of potassium dopants. The overall performances of the thermopile were found to be comparable to state-of-the-art SWNT bolometers. The device is characterized at room temperature by a time response of 36 ms, typical of thermal detectors, and an optimum spectral detectivity of 2 × 10(6) cm Hz(1/2)/W in the visible and near-infrared. This paper presents the first thermopile made of a suspended SWNT film and paves the way to new applications such as broadband light (including THz) detection and thermoelectric power generation.